Popular Will: Difference between revisions
Several changes and clarifications |
No edit summary |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{ |
{{dablink|For the article on [[Rousseau]]'s political idea, see [[General will]].}} |
||
{{Infobox political party |
{{Infobox political party |
||
| logo = LogoVP.png |
| logo = LogoVP.png |
||
Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| website = [http://www.voluntadpopular.com/ voluntadpopular.com] |
| website = [http://www.voluntadpopular.com/ voluntadpopular.com] |
||
| country = Venezuela |
| country = Venezuela |
||
|name = Popular Will |
| name = Popular Will |
||
| native_name = Voluntad Popular |
| native_name = Voluntad Popular |
||
| abbreviation = VP |
| abbreviation = VP |
||
| position = [[Centrism|Centre]]<ref name="NYT2011">{{ |
| position = [[Centrism|Centre]]<ref name="NYT2011">{{citation|first1=Simon|last1=Romero|first2=María Eugenia|last2=Díaz|title=A Bolívar Ready to Fight Against the Bolivarian State |newspaper=The New York Times|date=21 October 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/world/americas/leopoldo-lopez-prepares-to-challenge-chavez-for-venezuelan-presidency.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0}}</ref> to [[centre-left]] |
||
| national = [[Democratic Unity Roundtable]] |
| national = [[Democratic Unity Roundtable]] |
||
| colours = [[Orange (colour)|Orange]] |
| colours = [[Orange (colour)|Orange]] |
||
| |
| seats1_title = Seats in the [[National Assembly (Venezuela)|National Assembly]] |
||
| |
| seats1 = {{composition bar|14|167|hex=#FF9933}} |
||
| |
| seats2_title = Seats in the [[Latin American Parliament]] |
||
| |
| seats2 = {{composition bar|2|12|hex=#FF9933}} |
||
| |
| seats3_title = Seats in the [[Mercosur Parliament]] |
||
| |
| seats3 = {{composition bar|3|23|hex=#FF9933}} |
||
| |
| seats4_title = [[List of Governors of States of Venezuela|Governors]] |
||
| |
| seats4 = {{composition bar|0|23|hex=#FF9933}} |
||
| |
| seats5_title = Mayors |
||
| |
| seats5 = {{composition bar|0|337|hex=#FF9933}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Popular Will''' ({{lang-es|Voluntad Popular}}; '''VP''') is a [[centrist]] [[social democracy|social-democratic]] [[political party]] in [[Venezuela]] admitted into the [[Socialist International]] in December 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.socialistinternational.org/viewArticle.cfm?ArticleID=2326|title=Socialist International - Progressive Politics For A Fairer World|website=www.socialistinternational.org}}</ref> founded by former Mayor of [[Chacao Municipality|Chacao]], [[Leopoldo López]], who is its national co-ordinator. The party currently holds 14 out of 167 seats in the [[National Assembly (Venezuela)|Venezuelan National Assembly]], the country's parliament, and is a member of the [[Democratic Unity Roundtable]], the electoral coalition that currently holds a [[supermajority]] in the National Assembly. |
'''Popular Will''' ({{lang-es|Voluntad Popular}}; '''VP''') is a [[centrist]] [[social democracy|social-democratic]] [[political party]] in [[Venezuela]] admitted into the [[Socialist International]] in December 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.socialistinternational.org/viewArticle.cfm?ArticleID=2326|title=Socialist International - Progressive Politics For A Fairer World|website=www.socialistinternational.org}}</ref> founded by former Mayor of [[Chacao Municipality|Chacao]], [[Leopoldo López]], who is its national co-ordinator. The party currently holds 14 out of 167 seats in the [[National Assembly (Venezuela)|Venezuelan National Assembly]], the country's parliament, and is a member of the [[Democratic Unity Roundtable]], the electoral coalition that currently holds a [[supermajority]] in the National Assembly. |
||
Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
The party’s "fundamental pillars" are progress, democracy, and social action.<ref name=popular/> |
The party’s "fundamental pillars" are progress, democracy, and social action.<ref name=popular/> |
||
==History== |
== History == |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
Popular Will traces its roots to the Popular Networks (Redes Populares) formed in 2004 as a means of promoting social action and leadership. The year 2007 saw the formation of the so-called “2D” opposition movement, which considered the constitutional referendum called by Hugo Chávez an attempt to impose dictatorship on the country. |
Popular Will traces its roots to the Popular Networks (Redes Populares) formed in 2004 as a means of promoting social action and leadership. The year 2007 saw the formation of the so-called “2D” opposition movement, which considered the constitutional referendum called by Hugo Chávez an attempt to impose dictatorship on the country. |
||
Line 48: | Line 47: | ||
On January 14, 2011, the [[National Electoral Council (Venezuela)|National Electoral Council of Venezuela]] (Consejo Nacional Electoral) formally accepted Popular Will as a legitimate political party. This was followed by an unprecedented event in Venezuelan political history, namely the choice of a party’s officials in open elections, which were held on July 10, 2011. Later, MUD candidates for the presidency and state government offices were selected in primaries that took place on February 12, 2012. Leopoldo López had retired himself and supported [[Henrique Capriles Radonski]] who was elected as the MUD candidate for presidential election of October 7, 2012. Hugo Chávez was reelected as president and the party received 471,677 votes. In the regional elections on December 16, 2012, the party was established as the fourth largest party in MUD coalition and as the sixth nationwide. The youth leader, [[David Smolansky]], won the 2013 municipal election for mayor of the municipality of [[El Hatillo Municipality, Venezuela|El Hatillo]] in [[Miranda, Venezuela|Miranda State]].<ref>[http://noticiero.venevision.net/index_not.asp?id_noticia=20110118002201&id_seccion=01 Leopoldo López anunció que Voluntad Popular es ahora un partido político] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003043302/http://noticiero.venevision.net/index_not.asp?id_noticia=20110118002201&id_seccion=01 |date=2011-10-03 }} (Spanish, visited January 18, 2011)</ref> |
On January 14, 2011, the [[National Electoral Council (Venezuela)|National Electoral Council of Venezuela]] (Consejo Nacional Electoral) formally accepted Popular Will as a legitimate political party. This was followed by an unprecedented event in Venezuelan political history, namely the choice of a party’s officials in open elections, which were held on July 10, 2011. Later, MUD candidates for the presidency and state government offices were selected in primaries that took place on February 12, 2012. Leopoldo López had retired himself and supported [[Henrique Capriles Radonski]] who was elected as the MUD candidate for presidential election of October 7, 2012. Hugo Chávez was reelected as president and the party received 471,677 votes. In the regional elections on December 16, 2012, the party was established as the fourth largest party in MUD coalition and as the sixth nationwide. The youth leader, [[David Smolansky]], won the 2013 municipal election for mayor of the municipality of [[El Hatillo Municipality, Venezuela|El Hatillo]] in [[Miranda, Venezuela|Miranda State]].<ref>[http://noticiero.venevision.net/index_not.asp?id_noticia=20110118002201&id_seccion=01 Leopoldo López anunció que Voluntad Popular es ahora un partido político] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003043302/http://noticiero.venevision.net/index_not.asp?id_noticia=20110118002201&id_seccion=01 |date=2011-10-03 }} (Spanish, visited January 18, 2011)</ref> |
||
===Protest movement=== |
=== Protest movement === |
||
{{ |
{{main article|Venezuelan protests (2014–present)}} |
||
[[File:2014 Venezuelan Protests (12F).jpg |
[[File:2014 Venezuelan Protests (12F).jpg|thumb|left|Protestors in [[Caracas]] on 12 February 2014]] |
||
The Popular Will Party played a central role in the protests that took place in Venezuela in early 2014. López was blamed by the government of president [[Nicolas Maduro]] for three deaths that occurred during protests on February 12, and the next day a Caracas court upheld a request from the Public Prosecutor’s Office to order his arrest. “Without a doubt, the violence was created by small groups coordinated, exalted and financed by Leopoldo López,” said Jorge Rodriguez, the Socialist Party mayor of the Libertador municipality in Caracas. |
The Popular Will Party played a central role in the protests that took place in Venezuela in early 2014. López was blamed by the government of president [[Nicolas Maduro]] for three deaths that occurred during protests on February 12, and the next day a Caracas court upheld a request from the Public Prosecutor’s Office to order his arrest. “Without a doubt, the violence was created by small groups coordinated, exalted and financed by Leopoldo López,” said Jorge Rodriguez, the Socialist Party mayor of the Libertador municipality in Caracas. |
||
Line 60: | Line 59: | ||
Since the party became more involved in Venezuela's protest movement, numerous members of Popular Will have been arrested. In March 2018, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that over 90 members of Popular Will have been detained by the Maduro government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/09/magazine/leopoldo-lopez-speaks-out-and-venezuelas-government-cracks-down.html|title=Leopoldo López Speaks Out, and Venezuela’s Government Cracks Down|last1=Hylton|first1=Wil S.|date=9 March 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=16 March 2018}}</ref> |
Since the party became more involved in Venezuela's protest movement, numerous members of Popular Will have been arrested. In March 2018, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that over 90 members of Popular Will have been detained by the Maduro government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/09/magazine/leopoldo-lopez-speaks-out-and-venezuelas-government-cracks-down.html|title=Leopoldo López Speaks Out, and Venezuela’s Government Cracks Down|last1=Hylton|first1=Wil S.|date=9 March 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=16 March 2018}}</ref> |
||
====Party headquarters raid==== |
==== Party headquarters raid ==== |
||
On 17 February 2014, “alleged members of military counterintelligence” broke into the headquarters of Popular Will without a search warrant and holding people at gunpoint. In videotapes of the incident that were later made public, armed men are seen threatening people in one room of the headquarters and violently breaking down a door in order to enter another room. Carlos Vecchio, the party’s national political coordinator, reported the incident via Twitter. López, in his own tweet, urged his followers to spread the word about the incident.<ref>{{cite web| title =Difunden imágenes de allanamiento ilegal en sede del partido Voluntad Popular, de Leopoldo López| work =La Republica| date =Feb 17, 2014| url = http://www.larepublica.pe/17-02-2014/difunden-imagenes-de-allanamiento-ilegal-en-sede-del-partido-voluntad-popular-de-leopoldo-lopez}}</ref> |
On 17 February 2014, “alleged members of military counterintelligence” broke into the headquarters of Popular Will without a search warrant and holding people at gunpoint. In videotapes of the incident that were later made public, armed men are seen threatening people in one room of the headquarters and violently breaking down a door in order to enter another room. Carlos Vecchio, the party’s national political coordinator, reported the incident via Twitter. López, in his own tweet, urged his followers to spread the word about the incident.<ref>{{cite web| title =Difunden imágenes de allanamiento ilegal en sede del partido Voluntad Popular, de Leopoldo López| work =La Republica| date =Feb 17, 2014| url = http://www.larepublica.pe/17-02-2014/difunden-imagenes-de-allanamiento-ilegal-en-sede-del-partido-voluntad-popular-de-leopoldo-lopez}}</ref> |
||
====Arrest of López==== |
==== Arrest of López ==== |
||
{{ |
{{main article|Leopoldo López Mendoza}} |
||
[[File:26 July 2014 VP and supporters.jpg|thumb |
[[File:26 July 2014 VP and supporters.jpg|thumb|[[Patricia Gutiérrez]] (Mayor of [[San Cristóbal, Táchira|San Cristóbal]]), [[David Smolansky]] (Mayor of [[El Hatillo Municipality, Venezuela|El Hatillo]]) and [[Lilian Tintori]] gathered at [[Ramo Verde Prison]] following López's arrest]] |
||
On February 18, López delivered a speech in Plaza Brión calling for “a pacific exit” from authoritarian government, “within the constitution but in the streets.” He lamented the loss of independent media in the country and declared that if his imprisonment helped Venezuelans to wake up once and for all and demand change, it would have been worth it. He said he could have left the country, but instead had “stayed to fight for the oppressed people in Venezuela.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/nacional-y-politica/140218/leopoldo-lopez-se-entrega-a-funcionarios-de-la-gn|title=Leopoldo López se entrega a funcionarios de la GN - Nacional y Política|website=www.eluniversal.com}}</ref> He thereupon turned himself in to the National Guard, saying that he was handing himself over to a “corrupt justice” system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/politica/Leopoldo-Lopez-Plaza-Brion-Chacaito_0_358164269.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-04-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326110256/http://www.el-nacional.com/politica/Leopoldo-Lopez-Plaza-Brion-Chacaito_0_358164269.html |archivedate=2014-03-26 |df= }}</ref> On February 20, Supervisory Judge Ralenis Tovar Guillén, issued a pre-trial detention order against López in response to formal charges of “arson of a public building,” “damages to public property,” “instigation to commit a crime,” and “associating for organized crime.”<ref name=humans>{{cite web| title =Venezuela HRF declares Leopoldo Lopez a Prisoner of Conscience and calls for his immediate release| work =Human Rights Foundation| url = http://humanrightsfoundation.org/news/venezuela-hrf-declares-leopoldo-López-a-prisoner-of-conscience-and-calls-for-his-immediate-release-00355}}</ref> |
On February 18, López delivered a speech in Plaza Brión calling for “a pacific exit” from authoritarian government, “within the constitution but in the streets.” He lamented the loss of independent media in the country and declared that if his imprisonment helped Venezuelans to wake up once and for all and demand change, it would have been worth it. He said he could have left the country, but instead had “stayed to fight for the oppressed people in Venezuela.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/nacional-y-politica/140218/leopoldo-lopez-se-entrega-a-funcionarios-de-la-gn|title=Leopoldo López se entrega a funcionarios de la GN - Nacional y Política|website=www.eluniversal.com}}</ref> He thereupon turned himself in to the National Guard, saying that he was handing himself over to a “corrupt justice” system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/politica/Leopoldo-Lopez-Plaza-Brion-Chacaito_0_358164269.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-04-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326110256/http://www.el-nacional.com/politica/Leopoldo-Lopez-Plaza-Brion-Chacaito_0_358164269.html |archivedate=2014-03-26 |df= }}</ref> On February 20, Supervisory Judge Ralenis Tovar Guillén, issued a pre-trial detention order against López in response to formal charges of “arson of a public building,” “damages to public property,” “instigation to commit a crime,” and “associating for organized crime.”<ref name=humans>{{cite web| title =Venezuela HRF declares Leopoldo Lopez a Prisoner of Conscience and calls for his immediate release| work =Human Rights Foundation| url = http://humanrightsfoundation.org/news/venezuela-hrf-declares-leopoldo-López-a-prisoner-of-conscience-and-calls-for-his-immediate-release-00355}}</ref> |
||
Line 72: | Line 71: | ||
On February 26, López’s wife, [[Lilian Tintori]], led a quiet protest of female students just prior to a government peace conference.<ref>{{cite web| last =Wilson| first =Peter| title =Women in white protest violence in Venezuela| work =USA Today| date =Feb 26, 2014| url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/02/26/venezuela-protests/5837345/}}</ref> |
On February 26, López’s wife, [[Lilian Tintori]], led a quiet protest of female students just prior to a government peace conference.<ref>{{cite web| last =Wilson| first =Peter| title =Women in white protest violence in Venezuela| work =USA Today| date =Feb 26, 2014| url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/02/26/venezuela-protests/5837345/}}</ref> |
||
====Arrest warrant for Vecchio==== |
==== Arrest warrant for Vecchio ==== |
||
[[File:Carlos Vecchio's Apprehension's Order.jpg|thumb|150px|Vecchio's arrest warrant |
[[File:Carlos Vecchio's Apprehension's Order.jpg|thumb|150px|Vecchio's arrest warrant]] |
||
The day after López's arrest, the government issued an arrest warrant for [[Carlos Vecchio]], who with López in jail was serving as the de facto leader of Popular Will. He was charged with the same offenses as López: arson, criminal association, damages to public property, and instigation to commit a crime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diariocontraste.com/es/confirman-orden-de-captura-contra-carlos-vecchio-foto-orden/|title=María Corina Machado denuncia que dictaron orden de captura en su contra #24Abr|publisher=}}</ref> Vecchio, who was in hiding, defied the arrest order. Meanwhile, public unrest continued, with the official death toll from more than two weeks of violence rising to 17.<ref>{{cite web| last =Mogollan| first =Mary, & Chris Kraul| title =Venezuela seeks opposition figure's arrest; protest death toll rises| work =LA Times| date =Feb 28, 2014| url = http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-venezuela-protests-death-toll-20140228,0,281699.story#axzz2x0HXce9X}}</ref> Enrique Betancourt, writing in the [[Yale Daily News]], described Vecchio, a 2013 Yale World Fellow, as a champion of freedom who, unlike López, “is not an internationally recognizable figure (yet).” Betancourt expressed the concern that this “relative anonymity will allow government forces to arrest Carlos and violate his human rights with impunity and without fear of any international repercussion.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2014/02/24/betancourt-dont-forget-vecchio/|title=BETANCOURT: Don’t forget Vecchio|publisher=}}</ref> On March 22, as street protests continued, Vecchio, still defying the arrest order, addressed a crowd of supporters in Caracas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/photos/supporters-hold-hands-greet-carlos-vecchio-national-political-photo-234045333.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-01-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305085827/http://news.yahoo.com/photos/supporters-hold-hands-greet-carlos-vecchio-national-political-photo-234045333.html |archivedate=2016-03-05 |df= }}</ref> |
The day after López's arrest, the government issued an arrest warrant for [[Carlos Vecchio]], who with López in jail was serving as the de facto leader of Popular Will. He was charged with the same offenses as López: arson, criminal association, damages to public property, and instigation to commit a crime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diariocontraste.com/es/confirman-orden-de-captura-contra-carlos-vecchio-foto-orden/|title=María Corina Machado denuncia que dictaron orden de captura en su contra #24Abr|publisher=}}</ref> Vecchio, who was in hiding, defied the arrest order. Meanwhile, public unrest continued, with the official death toll from more than two weeks of violence rising to 17.<ref>{{cite web| last =Mogollan| first =Mary, & Chris Kraul| title =Venezuela seeks opposition figure's arrest; protest death toll rises| work =LA Times| date =Feb 28, 2014| url = http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-venezuela-protests-death-toll-20140228,0,281699.story#axzz2x0HXce9X}}</ref> Enrique Betancourt, writing in the [[Yale Daily News]], described Vecchio, a 2013 Yale World Fellow, as a champion of freedom who, unlike López, “is not an internationally recognizable figure (yet).” Betancourt expressed the concern that this “relative anonymity will allow government forces to arrest Carlos and violate his human rights with impunity and without fear of any international repercussion.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2014/02/24/betancourt-dont-forget-vecchio/|title=BETANCOURT: Don’t forget Vecchio|publisher=}}</ref> On March 22, as street protests continued, Vecchio, still defying the arrest order, addressed a crowd of supporters in Caracas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/photos/supporters-hold-hands-greet-carlos-vecchio-national-political-photo-234045333.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-01-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305085827/http://news.yahoo.com/photos/supporters-hold-hands-greet-carlos-vecchio-national-political-photo-234045333.html |archivedate=2016-03-05 |df= }}</ref> |
||
==Ideology== |
== Ideology == |
||
Popular Will has been variously described as right wing, even "fascist" by the government, but calls itself a [[centre politics|centre]]<ref name="NYT2011"/> to [[centre-left politics|centre-left]]<ref name=ruthdudley>{{cite web|url=http://www.ruthdudleyedwards.co.uk/journalism14/IrInd14_48.html|title=What's good for Venezuelan goose isn't good for Irish gander|last=Dudley Edwards|first=Ruth|work=ruthdudleyedwards.co.uk|date=14 December 2014|accessdate=17 January 2016}}</ref> party, with [[socialist]] and [[progressivism|progressive]] tendencies, although some sources have also described it as [[centre-right]].<ref name="ipsnews.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/02/rights-trampled-venezuelan-protests/|title=Rights Trampled in Venezuelan Protests - Inter Press Service|website=www.ipsnews.net}}</ref> The party supports [[LGBT]] rights, and following the [[Venezuelan parliamentary election, 2015|2015 parliamentary election]], the first two LGBT members of the Venezuelan legislature ([[Tamara Adrián]] and [[Rosmit Mantilla]]) were elected under Popular Will's banner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://runrun.es/nacional/215741/tamara-adrian-mi-candidatura-es-una-punta-de-lanza-para-el-avance-de-los-derechos-de-lgbt.html|title=Tamara Adrián: "Mi candidatura es una punta de lanza para el avance de los derechos de LGBT"|work=Runrun.es|language=Spanish|date=7 December 2015|accessdate=17 January 2016|last=Yajure|first=Jesús Alberto}}</ref><ref name=fusion>[http://fusion.net/story/244631/elected-congressmen-fight-to-get-out-of-jail-in-venezuela/ "Elected congressmen fight to get out of jail in Venezuela"]. [[Fusion (TV channel)|Fusion]], December 14, 2015.</ref> |
Popular Will has been variously described as right wing, even "fascist" by the government, but calls itself a [[centre politics|centre]]<ref name="NYT2011"/> to [[centre-left politics|centre-left]]<ref name=ruthdudley>{{cite web|url=http://www.ruthdudleyedwards.co.uk/journalism14/IrInd14_48.html|title=What's good for Venezuelan goose isn't good for Irish gander|last=Dudley Edwards|first=Ruth|work=ruthdudleyedwards.co.uk|date=14 December 2014|accessdate=17 January 2016}}</ref> party, with [[socialist]] and [[progressivism|progressive]] tendencies, although some sources have also described it as [[centre-right]].<ref name="ipsnews.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/02/rights-trampled-venezuelan-protests/|title=Rights Trampled in Venezuelan Protests - Inter Press Service|website=www.ipsnews.net}}</ref> The party supports [[LGBT]] rights, and following the [[Venezuelan parliamentary election, 2015|2015 parliamentary election]], the first two LGBT members of the Venezuelan legislature ([[Tamara Adrián]] and [[Rosmit Mantilla]]) were elected under Popular Will's banner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://runrun.es/nacional/215741/tamara-adrian-mi-candidatura-es-una-punta-de-lanza-para-el-avance-de-los-derechos-de-lgbt.html|title=Tamara Adrián: "Mi candidatura es una punta de lanza para el avance de los derechos de LGBT"|work=Runrun.es|language=Spanish|date=7 December 2015|accessdate=17 January 2016|last=Yajure|first=Jesús Alberto}}</ref><ref name=fusion>[http://fusion.net/story/244631/elected-congressmen-fight-to-get-out-of-jail-in-venezuela/ "Elected congressmen fight to get out of jail in Venezuela"]. [[Fusion (TV channel)|Fusion]], December 14, 2015.</ref> |
||
===Party platform=== |
=== Party platform === |
||
The party platform, “The Best Venezuela” (La Mejor Venezuela), calls for an open, transparent government and for the punishment of abuses of power by public officials. It supports globalization and calls for an inclusive society “without regard to wealth, religion, age, race, sexual orientation, gender identity, or political opinions.”<ref name=leo>{{cite web|url=http://www.leopoldolopez.com/mejor-venezuela/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-04-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414164023/http://www.leopoldolopez.com/mejor-venezuela/ |archivedate=2014-04-14 |df= }}</ref> López, when running for president, called for greater autonomy in fiscal matters to be given to governors and mayors.<ref name=notic>{{cite web| title =Leopoldo López: nuestra política exterior será impulsar la exportación "made in Venezuela"| work =Noticias 24| url = http://www.noticias24.com/venezuela/noticia/82531/lopez-apunta-a-una-nueva-institucionalidad-construida-por-millones-en-la-mejor-venezuela/}}</ref> |
The party platform, “The Best Venezuela” (La Mejor Venezuela), calls for an open, transparent government and for the punishment of abuses of power by public officials. It supports globalization and calls for an inclusive society “without regard to wealth, religion, age, race, sexual orientation, gender identity, or political opinions.”<ref name=leo>{{cite web|url=http://www.leopoldolopez.com/mejor-venezuela/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-04-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414164023/http://www.leopoldolopez.com/mejor-venezuela/ |archivedate=2014-04-14 |df= }}</ref> López, when running for president, called for greater autonomy in fiscal matters to be given to governors and mayors.<ref name=notic>{{cite web| title =Leopoldo López: nuestra política exterior será impulsar la exportación "made in Venezuela"| work =Noticias 24| url = http://www.noticias24.com/venezuela/noticia/82531/lopez-apunta-a-una-nueva-institucionalidad-construida-por-millones-en-la-mejor-venezuela/}}</ref> |
||
Line 92: | Line 91: | ||
López has described his foreign policy as “win-win” policy, the objective of which would be to solve the country’s problems and to promote peace, welfare, and progress. He has said that he would curb the “ideologized” foreign policy of the current government. López has also expressed belief in a multipolar world in which Venezuela would play a role as an international champion of democracy and human rights.<ref name=notic/> |
López has described his foreign policy as “win-win” policy, the objective of which would be to solve the country’s problems and to promote peace, welfare, and progress. He has said that he would curb the “ideologized” foreign policy of the current government. López has also expressed belief in a multipolar world in which Venezuela would play a role as an international champion of democracy and human rights.<ref name=notic/> |
||
===View of Bolivarian government=== |
=== View of Bolivarian government === |
||
The party’s manifesto states: “This is an infamous epoch because the laws are used to create injustice; it is a disastrous epoch because the laws are used to subdue, frighten and eliminate the people who protest and who demand justice”.<ref name=popular/> |
The party’s manifesto states: “This is an infamous epoch because the laws are used to create injustice; it is a disastrous epoch because the laws are used to subdue, frighten and eliminate the people who protest and who demand justice”.<ref name=popular/> |
||
In January 2012, López, at the time a presidential candidate, described the current Venezuelan government as authoritarian, and called on Venezuelans to join him in choosing “the path of democracy.” He said that the “first commitment” of government must be to justice, specifically to “functioning courts,” an end to impunity, and an end to corrupt tax authorities.<ref name=notic/> |
In January 2012, López, at the time a presidential candidate, described the current Venezuelan government as authoritarian, and called on Venezuelans to join him in choosing “the path of democracy.” He said that the “first commitment” of government must be to justice, specifically to “functioning courts,” an end to impunity, and an end to corrupt tax authorities.<ref name=notic/> |
||
==Mayors belonging to Popular Will== |
== Mayors belonging to Popular Will == |
||
*Fabio José Canache – [[Píritu Municipality, Anzoátegui|Píritu]], [[Anzoátegui]] |
* Fabio José Canache – [[Píritu Municipality, Anzoátegui|Píritu]], [[Anzoátegui]] |
||
*Lumay Barreto – [[Páez, Apure|Páez]], [[Apure]] |
* Lumay Barreto – [[Páez, Apure|Páez]], [[Apure]] |
||
*Delson Guarate – [[Mario Briceño Iragorry Municipality|Mario Briceño Iragorry]], [[Aragua (state)|Aragua]] |
* Delson Guarate – [[Mario Briceño Iragorry Municipality|Mario Briceño Iragorry]], [[Aragua (state)|Aragua]] |
||
*José Gregorio “Gollo” Martínez – [[Piar Municipality, Bolívar|Piar]], [[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar]] |
* José Gregorio “Gollo” Martínez – [[Piar Municipality, Bolívar|Piar]], [[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar]] |
||
*Yovanny Salazar – Chaguaramas, [[Guárico]] |
* Yovanny Salazar – Chaguaramas, [[Guárico]] |
||
*Álvaro Sánchez – [[Rangel (Venezuela)|Rangel]], [[Mérida (state)|Mérida]] |
* Álvaro Sánchez – [[Rangel (Venezuela)|Rangel]], [[Mérida (state)|Mérida]] |
||
*David Smolansky – [[El Hatillo Municipality|El Hatillo]], [[Miranda (state)|Miranda]] |
* David Smolansky – [[El Hatillo Municipality|El Hatillo]], [[Miranda (state)|Miranda]] |
||
*Warner Jiménez – [[Maturín]], [[Monagas (state)|Monagas]] |
* Warner Jiménez – [[Maturín]], [[Monagas (state)|Monagas]] |
||
*Luis Daniel “Sañelo” Cabeza – [[Bolívar Municipality, Sucre|Bolívar]], [[Sucre (state)|Sucre]] |
* Luis Daniel “Sañelo” Cabeza – [[Bolívar Municipality, Sucre|Bolívar]], [[Sucre (state)|Sucre]] |
||
*Patricia de Ceballos – [[San Cristóbal, Táchira|San Cristóbal]], [[Táchira]] |
* Patricia de Ceballos – [[San Cristóbal, Táchira|San Cristóbal]], [[Táchira]] |
||
*Alberto Maldonado – Torbes, [[Táchira]] |
* Alberto Maldonado – Torbes, [[Táchira]] |
||
*Alejandro “Tato” García – Ureña, [[Táchira]] |
* Alejandro “Tato” García – Ureña, [[Táchira]] |
||
*William Galavis – Guásimos, [[Táchira]] |
* William Galavis – Guásimos, [[Táchira]] |
||
*José Karkom – [[Valera]], [[Trujillo (state)|Trujillo]] |
* José Karkom – [[Valera]], [[Trujillo (state)|Trujillo]] |
||
*José Acisclo Viloria – Miranda, [[Trujillo (state)|Trujillo]] |
* José Acisclo Viloria – Miranda, [[Trujillo (state)|Trujillo]] |
||
==References== |
== References == |
||
{{reflist|30em}} |
{{reflist|30em}} |
||
==External links== |
== External links == |
||
{{commons category|Voluntad Popular}} |
{{commons category|Voluntad Popular}} |
||
*http://www.voluntadpopular.com {{es icon}} |
* [http://www.voluntadpopular.com Official website] {{es icon}} |
||
{{Venezuelan political parties}} |
{{Venezuelan political parties}} |
||
{{Socialist International}} |
{{Socialist International}} |
Revision as of 20:32, 23 January 2019
Popular Will Voluntad Popular | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | VP |
Leader | Leopoldo López |
Founded | 5 December 2009 |
Ideology | Third Way Social democracy Progressivism |
Political position | Centre[1] to centre-left |
National affiliation | Democratic Unity Roundtable |
International affiliation | Socialist International |
Colours | Orange |
Seats in the National Assembly | 14 / 167
|
Seats in the Latin American Parliament | 2 / 12
|
Seats in the Mercosur Parliament | 3 / 23
|
Governors | 0 / 23
|
Mayors | 0 / 337
|
Website | |
voluntadpopular.com | |
Popular Will (Template:Lang-es; VP) is a centrist social-democratic political party in Venezuela admitted into the Socialist International in December 2014,[2] founded by former Mayor of Chacao, Leopoldo López, who is its national co-ordinator. The party currently holds 14 out of 167 seats in the Venezuelan National Assembly, the country's parliament, and is a member of the Democratic Unity Roundtable, the electoral coalition that currently holds a supermajority in the National Assembly.
The party was formed in reaction to alleged infringements of individual freedom and human rights on the part of the socialist government of the Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and his successor, Nicolás Maduro. The party attempts to bring together Venezuelans of various backgrounds who consider “chavismo” oppressive and authoritarian. Popular Will self-identifies itself as “a pluralist and democratic movement” that is committed to “progress,” which it defines as the realization of “the social, economic, political, and human rights of every Venezuelan.”[3]
The party’s "fundamental pillars" are progress, democracy, and social action.[3]
History
Background and foundation
Popular Will traces its roots to the Popular Networks (Redes Populares) formed in 2004 as a means of promoting social action and leadership. The year 2007 saw the formation of the so-called “2D” opposition movement, which considered the constitutional referendum called by Hugo Chávez an attempt to impose dictatorship on the country.
This was followed in 2009 by the formation of the Social Action (Accion Social) movement, which brought together “youths, workers, community leaders, business people, and politicians.”[3]
On December 5, 2009, López, along with the other leaders of other political parties, Un Nuevo Tiempo, Primero Justicia, and Acción Democrática,[4][5] officially announced the formation of the Popular Will Movement (Movimiento Voluntad Popular) at a forum in Valencia, Carabobo.
The National Electoral Council, on February 1, 2010, refused to allow the group to call itself Movimiento Voluntad Popular, supposedly because of the similarity between this name and that of the Movimiento Base Popular, a regional political party in Apure. This frustrated the party’s desire to field candidates in the 2010 parliamentary election; nonetheless, three party members won election to the National Assembly, two of them with the support of the Coalition for Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD).[6]
On January 14, 2011, the National Electoral Council of Venezuela (Consejo Nacional Electoral) formally accepted Popular Will as a legitimate political party. This was followed by an unprecedented event in Venezuelan political history, namely the choice of a party’s officials in open elections, which were held on July 10, 2011. Later, MUD candidates for the presidency and state government offices were selected in primaries that took place on February 12, 2012. Leopoldo López had retired himself and supported Henrique Capriles Radonski who was elected as the MUD candidate for presidential election of October 7, 2012. Hugo Chávez was reelected as president and the party received 471,677 votes. In the regional elections on December 16, 2012, the party was established as the fourth largest party in MUD coalition and as the sixth nationwide. The youth leader, David Smolansky, won the 2013 municipal election for mayor of the municipality of El Hatillo in Miranda State.[7]
Protest movement
The Popular Will Party played a central role in the protests that took place in Venezuela in early 2014. López was blamed by the government of president Nicolas Maduro for three deaths that occurred during protests on February 12, and the next day a Caracas court upheld a request from the Public Prosecutor’s Office to order his arrest. “Without a doubt, the violence was created by small groups coordinated, exalted and financed by Leopoldo López,” said Jorge Rodriguez, the Socialist Party mayor of the Libertador municipality in Caracas.
“The government is playing the violence card, and not for the first time,” López claimed. “They're blaming me without any proof....I have a clear conscience because we called for peace.” He added: “We won't retreat and we can't retreat because this is about our future, about our children, about millions of people.”[8] On February 16, López announced he would turn himself in to the Venezuelan government after one more protest. “I haven't committed any crime,” he said. ”If there is a decision to legally throw me in jail I'll submit myself to this persecution.”[9]
In early March 2014, a peaceful protest march in Caracas, organized by the Student Movement (Movimiento Estudiantil) and supported by Popular Will, was dispersed by members of the National Guard (GNB) and National Police (PNB) using tear gas and gunshots. This action prevented the marchers from reaching the headquarters of the national Ombudsman, where they planned to demand the resignation of Gabriela Ramirez for justifying acts of torture and other violations of human rights committed by the government of Nicolás Maduro. At this point López had been in prison for 22 days.[10] Popular Will, in response to this action, stated that Maduro, “in addition to being illegitimate, is a murderer.” Party official Freddy Guevara emphasized that Popular Will believed in a peaceful and constitutional transfer of power, and called on the Venezuelan people to maintain pressure on the government to provide justice and freedom, saying that “the power of the street” must be used “to force the government to uphold the constitution.” He added. “We cannot rest until Leopoldo López is free.”[11]
Arrests
Since the party became more involved in Venezuela's protest movement, numerous members of Popular Will have been arrested. In March 2018, The New York Times reported that over 90 members of Popular Will have been detained by the Maduro government.[12]
Party headquarters raid
On 17 February 2014, “alleged members of military counterintelligence” broke into the headquarters of Popular Will without a search warrant and holding people at gunpoint. In videotapes of the incident that were later made public, armed men are seen threatening people in one room of the headquarters and violently breaking down a door in order to enter another room. Carlos Vecchio, the party’s national political coordinator, reported the incident via Twitter. López, in his own tweet, urged his followers to spread the word about the incident.[13]
Arrest of López
On February 18, López delivered a speech in Plaza Brión calling for “a pacific exit” from authoritarian government, “within the constitution but in the streets.” He lamented the loss of independent media in the country and declared that if his imprisonment helped Venezuelans to wake up once and for all and demand change, it would have been worth it. He said he could have left the country, but instead had “stayed to fight for the oppressed people in Venezuela.”[14] He thereupon turned himself in to the National Guard, saying that he was handing himself over to a “corrupt justice” system.[15] On February 20, Supervisory Judge Ralenis Tovar Guillén, issued a pre-trial detention order against López in response to formal charges of “arson of a public building,” “damages to public property,” “instigation to commit a crime,” and “associating for organized crime.”[16]
Human-rights organizations around the world condemned the arrest of López, with Amnesty International, in a February 19 statement, calling it “a politically motivated attempt to silence dissent”[17] and Human Rights Watch accusing the Venezuelan government of adopting “the classic tactics of an authoritarian regime.”[18] The New York-based Human Rights Foundation declared López a prisoner of conscience on February 20 and called for his immediate release, adding: “Either Maduro releases López and calls for an honest dialogue with all of the opposition, or he must step down for the sake of all Venezuelans: both those who support chavismo and those who do not. Venezuela does not need an executioner willing to kill half of the country. Venezuela needs a president.”[16]
On February 26, López’s wife, Lilian Tintori, led a quiet protest of female students just prior to a government peace conference.[19]
Arrest warrant for Vecchio
The day after López's arrest, the government issued an arrest warrant for Carlos Vecchio, who with López in jail was serving as the de facto leader of Popular Will. He was charged with the same offenses as López: arson, criminal association, damages to public property, and instigation to commit a crime.[20] Vecchio, who was in hiding, defied the arrest order. Meanwhile, public unrest continued, with the official death toll from more than two weeks of violence rising to 17.[21] Enrique Betancourt, writing in the Yale Daily News, described Vecchio, a 2013 Yale World Fellow, as a champion of freedom who, unlike López, “is not an internationally recognizable figure (yet).” Betancourt expressed the concern that this “relative anonymity will allow government forces to arrest Carlos and violate his human rights with impunity and without fear of any international repercussion.”[22] On March 22, as street protests continued, Vecchio, still defying the arrest order, addressed a crowd of supporters in Caracas.[23]
Ideology
Popular Will has been variously described as right wing, even "fascist" by the government, but calls itself a centre[1] to centre-left[24] party, with socialist and progressive tendencies, although some sources have also described it as centre-right.[25] The party supports LGBT rights, and following the 2015 parliamentary election, the first two LGBT members of the Venezuelan legislature (Tamara Adrián and Rosmit Mantilla) were elected under Popular Will's banner.[26][27]
Party platform
The party platform, “The Best Venezuela” (La Mejor Venezuela), calls for an open, transparent government and for the punishment of abuses of power by public officials. It supports globalization and calls for an inclusive society “without regard to wealth, religion, age, race, sexual orientation, gender identity, or political opinions.”[28] López, when running for president, called for greater autonomy in fiscal matters to be given to governors and mayors.[29]
The party seeks to make Venezuela the world’s largest producer and exporter of oil. López does not seek to nationalize oil firms but says that oil income should be used to form a “Solidarity Fund” to help alleviate extreme poverty and finance an efficient system of social security, as well as to diversify the non-oil sectors of the nation’s economy. López also opposes price controls and favors subsidizing domestic production.[30] He supports the market economy and opposes “state capitalism.”[31]
The party’s “real battle,” López has claimed, is “against poverty, exclusion, and disrespect for human rights.”[32] In opinion pieces in December 2013 and January 2014, he proposed the creation of a “Social Forum” within the context of which Venezuelans could “discuss and rethink” the country’s future and forge a “new social pact.” López expressed the view “that mineral resources are owned by the nation” and that “democratizing oil” can lead to a democratization of income. He also encouraged Venezuelans to invest in the oil business in order to “participate in its production.”[33] In the January article, López described Popular Will as a grassroots “social and political” movement that “avoids the harmful practices of old and new political parties” and that is opposed to “warlordism and cronyism in the selection of its authorities.” He added that Popular Will does “not share the vision of a hegemonic state that controls everything and decides everything”; rather, government’s role is to promote the development of human capabilities, to help people flourish as free citizens, to cultivate “social solidarity,” and to foster “respect for the constitution.”[34]
In order to forge “the best Venezuela,” López has written, Venezuelans must focus on “peace, welfare, and progress,” and must engage in “a broad process of consultation and reflection…with groups of experts in specific subject areas and with social movements, as well as with communities, in dialogues in which we can feel the needs and cries of Venezuelans.” He has expressed confidence that Venezuelans “can construct a country in which the problems that have never been solved can be solved, the eternal problems that exist from generation to generation.” López has further spoken of creating a Venezuela “where liberty is exercised in a constructive and responsible manner,...and where opportunities are created for all Venezuelans, regardless of wealth, religion, age, race, sexual orientation, gender identity, or political persuasion.”[28]
López has said that Venezuela must commit itself to strengthening production and bringing down inflation, which, he said, would reduce corruption and enable Venezuelans to save money. He has held up the examples of Brazil, Peru, Argentina, and Colombia as countries “that had hyperinflation and achieved price stability.” He criticized price controls, saying that Venezuela, while having “a number of controls,” also had “the continent's highest inflation.”[31]
López has described his foreign policy as “win-win” policy, the objective of which would be to solve the country’s problems and to promote peace, welfare, and progress. He has said that he would curb the “ideologized” foreign policy of the current government. López has also expressed belief in a multipolar world in which Venezuela would play a role as an international champion of democracy and human rights.[29]
View of Bolivarian government
The party’s manifesto states: “This is an infamous epoch because the laws are used to create injustice; it is a disastrous epoch because the laws are used to subdue, frighten and eliminate the people who protest and who demand justice”.[3]
In January 2012, López, at the time a presidential candidate, described the current Venezuelan government as authoritarian, and called on Venezuelans to join him in choosing “the path of democracy.” He said that the “first commitment” of government must be to justice, specifically to “functioning courts,” an end to impunity, and an end to corrupt tax authorities.[29]
Mayors belonging to Popular Will
- Fabio José Canache – Píritu, Anzoátegui
- Lumay Barreto – Páez, Apure
- Delson Guarate – Mario Briceño Iragorry, Aragua
- José Gregorio “Gollo” Martínez – Piar, Bolívar
- Yovanny Salazar – Chaguaramas, Guárico
- Álvaro Sánchez – Rangel, Mérida
- David Smolansky – El Hatillo, Miranda
- Warner Jiménez – Maturín, Monagas
- Luis Daniel “Sañelo” Cabeza – Bolívar, Sucre
- Patricia de Ceballos – San Cristóbal, Táchira
- Alberto Maldonado – Torbes, Táchira
- Alejandro “Tato” García – Ureña, Táchira
- William Galavis – Guásimos, Táchira
- José Karkom – Valera, Trujillo
- José Acisclo Viloria – Miranda, Trujillo
References
- ^ a b Romero, Simon; Díaz, María Eugenia (21 October 2011), "A Bolívar Ready to Fight Against the Bolivarian State", The New York Times
- ^ "Socialist International - Progressive Politics For A Fairer World". www.socialistinternational.org.
- ^ a b c d "Quienes Somo?". Voluntad Popular.
- ^ Manifiesto de Voluntad Popular (Spanish, visited September 21, 2010)
- ^ Dirigentes opositores lanzan movimiento Voluntad Popular en Carabobo (Spanish, visited December 05, 2009)
- ^ Negado en el CNE conformación del Movimiento Voluntad Popular dirigido por Leopoldo López (Spanish, visited February 11, 2010)
- ^ Leopoldo López anunció que Voluntad Popular es ahora un partido político Archived 2011-10-03 at the Wayback Machine (Spanish, visited January 18, 2011)
- ^ Cawthorne, Andrew (Feb 13, 2014). "Venezuela seeks protest leader's arrest after unrest kills three". Reuters.
- ^ Gupta, Girish. "Venezuelan opposition leader says he'll turn himself in". USA Today.
- ^ "Voluntad Popular llama a no retroceder en la protesta pacífica". El Universal. Mar 12, 2014.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-17. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Hylton, Wil S. (9 March 2018). "Leopoldo López Speaks Out, and Venezuela's Government Cracks Down". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
- ^ "Difunden imágenes de allanamiento ilegal en sede del partido Voluntad Popular, de Leopoldo López". La Republica. Feb 17, 2014.
- ^ "Leopoldo López se entrega a funcionarios de la GN - Nacional y Política". www.eluniversal.com.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-03-26. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b "Venezuela HRF declares Leopoldo Lopez a Prisoner of Conscience and calls for his immediate release". Human Rights Foundation.
- ^ "Venezuela: Trial of opposition leader an affront to justice and free assembly". Amnesty USA.
- ^ "Venezuela: Violence Against Protesters, Journalists". 21 February 2014.
- ^ Wilson, Peter (Feb 26, 2014). "Women in white protest violence in Venezuela". USA Today.
- ^ "María Corina Machado denuncia que dictaron orden de captura en su contra #24Abr".
- ^ Mogollan, Mary, & Chris Kraul (Feb 28, 2014). "Venezuela seeks opposition figure's arrest; protest death toll rises". LA Times.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "BETANCOURT: Don't forget Vecchio".
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2017-01-09.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Dudley Edwards, Ruth (14 December 2014). "What's good for Venezuelan goose isn't good for Irish gander". ruthdudleyedwards.co.uk. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ^ "Rights Trampled in Venezuelan Protests - Inter Press Service". www.ipsnews.net.
- ^ Yajure, Jesús Alberto (7 December 2015). "Tamara Adrián: "Mi candidatura es una punta de lanza para el avance de los derechos de LGBT"". Runrun.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ^ "Elected congressmen fight to get out of jail in Venezuela". Fusion, December 14, 2015.
- ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c "Leopoldo López: nuestra política exterior será impulsar la exportación "made in Venezuela"". Noticias 24.
- ^ "Leopoldo López rechaza el control de precios y apuesta por apoyar la producción nacional en Noticias24.com". www.noticias24.com.
- ^ a b Rodriguez, Mariana Martinez (Nov 23, 2011). "Entrevista: Leopoldo López: "Levantaremos el control de cambio lo más rápido posible"". El Mundo.
- ^ VPA, Prensa. "Carta a los socialdemócratas (II)". www.voluntadpopular.com.
- ^ Gomez, Elvia (Jan 18, 2014). "López ratifica invitación a crear Foro Socialdemócrata". El Universal.
- ^ "Leopoldo López: Bienvenido el debate". www.lapatilla.com.