Jump to content

Visa requirements for Philippine citizens: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Jepoyrn11 (talk | contribs)
98 edits
Jepoyrn11 (talk | contribs)
98 edits
Line 353: Line 353:
|
|
*No visa required for visit as a tourist if a valid Schengen visa is in a passport, must not stay longer than the validity period of the Schengen visa <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.geoconsul.gov.ge/en/visaInformation | title=No Title}}</ref>
*No visa required for visit as a tourist if a valid Schengen visa is in a passport, must not stay longer than the validity period of the Schengen visa <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.geoconsul.gov.ge/en/visaInformation | title=No Title}}</ref>
*No visa required for visit as a tourist if a valid original resident permit card from any GCC States is presented with Official English Translation (if the card has NO English Translation) and a Travel Insurance. Philippine citizen can enter Georgia without a visa for 90 days in any 180-day period. Please, note that you must present relevant valid visa or residence permit along with your travel document/passport at the moment of crossing Georgian border. This should be verified with the travel document or/and other relevant document. <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.geoconsul.gov.ge/HtmlPage/Html/View?id=26&lang=Eng | title=Other conditions for Georgian visa exemption}}</ref>
*No visa required for visit as a tourist if a valid original resident permit card from any GCC States is presented with Official English Translation (if the card has NO English Translation) and a Travel Insurance. With this scheme, a Philippine citizen can enter Georgia without a visa for 90 days in any 180-day period. Please, note that you must present relevant valid visa or residence permit along with your travel document/passport at the moment of crossing Georgian border. This should be verified with the travel document or/and other relevant document. <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.geoconsul.gov.ge/HtmlPage/Html/View?id=26&lang=Eng | title=Other conditions for Georgian visa exemption}}</ref>
|-
|-
| {{flag|Germany}}
| {{flag|Germany}}

Revision as of 14:58, 6 February 2019

A Philippine passport

Visa requirements for Philippine citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of the Philippines by the authorities of other territories. As of 10 July 2018, Philippine citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 66 countries and territories, ranking the Philippine passport 72nd in terms of travel freedom (tied with a passport from Tunisia) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

  Philippines
  Visa free access or free visa on arrival
  Visa on arrival or eVisa
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa required

Visa requirements

UN member and observer countries

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
  • Women of all nationalities must cover their body with clothing, except for their face, hands and feet
 Albania Visa required[3]
 Algeria Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa required[5] 3 months
  • There are no visa requirements for entry into Andorra, but it can only be accessed by passing through France or Spain. A multiple entry visa is required to re-enter either France or Spain when leaving Andorra.
  • All visitors can stay for 3 months.
 Angola Visa required[6]
 Antigua and Barbuda Electronic Entry Visa[7]
 Argentina Visa required[8]
 Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[9] 120 days
 Australia Visa required[10]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[11]
 Austria Visa required[12]
 Azerbaijan Visa required[13]
 Bahamas Visa required[14]
  • Permanent Residents of Canada do not need a visa and may stay up to 30 days.[15]
 Bahrain Visa required[16]
 Bangladesh Visa required[17]
 Barbados Visa required[18]
  • Visa procedure does not necessitate sending passport to Barbados or one of its embassies.[19]
 Belarus Visa required[20]
 Belgium Visa required[21]
 Belize Visa required[22]
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[23][24] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[25]
 Bolivia Visa not required[26] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[27]
 Botswana Visa required[28]
 Brazil Visa not required[29] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[30] 14 days
 Bulgaria Visa required[31]
 Burkina Faso Visa required[32]
 Burundi Visa required[33]
 Cambodia Visa not required[34] 21 days
 Cameroon Visa required[35]
 Canada Visa required[36]
  • Green Card holders in the United States do not need a visa to visit or transit in Canada, unless deemed inadmissible. B or C visa holders in Switzerland do not require transit visa when traveling to the United States flying with Air Canada.[37]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[38]
 Central African Republic Visa required[39]
 Chad Visa required[40]
 Chile Visa required[41]
 China Visa required[42]
 Colombia Visa not required[45] 180 days
  • 90 days on arrival, can extend another 90 days for 180 days total.
 Comoros Visa on arrival[46] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[47]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[48]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[49] 90 days
  • 30 days upon arrival, can extend for total of 90 days.
 Côte d'Ivoire Visa not required[50] 90 days
 Croatia Visa required[51]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen member states.
 Cuba Visa required[52]
 Cyprus Visa required[53]
 Czech Republic Visa required[54]
 Denmark Visa required[55]
 Djibouti eVisa[56] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[57] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa required[58]
  • Permanent Residents of Canada do not require a visa and may stay up to 30 days.[59]
 Ecuador Visa not required[60] 90 days
 Egypt Visa required[61]
 El Salvador Visa required[62]
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[63]
 Eritrea Visa required[64]
 Estonia Visa required[65]
 Eswatini Visa required[66]
 Ethiopia eVisa[67] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[68] 4 months
 Finland Visa required[69]
 France Visa required[70]
  • Transit through a French airport also requires a transit visa[71]
 Gabon eVisa[72]
 Gambia Visa not required[73] 90 days
  • Must obtain an entry clearance from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel [74]
 Georgia eVisa[75]
  • No visa required for visit as a tourist if a valid Schengen visa is in a passport, must not stay longer than the validity period of the Schengen visa [76]
  • No visa required for visit as a tourist if a valid original resident permit card from any GCC States is presented with Official English Translation (if the card has NO English Translation) and a Travel Insurance. With this scheme, a Philippine citizen can enter Georgia without a visa for 90 days in any 180-day period. Please, note that you must present relevant valid visa or residence permit along with your travel document/passport at the moment of crossing Georgian border. This should be verified with the travel document or/and other relevant document. [77]
 Germany Visa required[78]
 Ghana Visa required[79]
 Greece Visa required[80]
 Grenada Visa required[81]
 Guatemala Visa required[82]
 Guinea Visa required[83]
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[84] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[85]
 Haiti Visa not required[86] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[87]
 Hungary Visa required[88]
 Iceland Visa required[89]
 India e-Visa[90] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports[Note 1] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 2][91]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[92]
 Indonesia Visa not required[93] 30 days
 Iran Visa on arrival[94] 30 days[95]
 Iraq Visa required[96]
 Ireland Visa required[97]
 Israel Visa not required[98] 3 months
 Italy Visa required[99]
 Jamaica Visa required[100]
  • Permanent Residents of Canada do not require a visa.[101]
 Japan Visa required[102]
 Jordan Visa required[103]
 Kazakhstan Visa required[104]
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[105] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa required[106]
 North Korea Visa required[107]
 South Korea Visa required[108]
  • Green Card holders in the United States do not need a visa to visit or transit in South Korea.
  • Visa-free access for 30 days to Jeju Island.
 Kuwait Visa required[109]
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa / Visa on arrival[110] 1 month
 Laos Visa not required[112] 30 days
 Latvia Visa required[113]
 Lebanon Visa required[114]
 Lesotho eVisa[115][116]
 Liberia Visa required[117]
 Libya Visa required[118]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[119]
 Lithuania Visa required[120]
 Luxembourg Visa required[121]
 Macedonia Visa required[122]
 Madagascar Free visa on arrival[123] 30 days
 Malawi Visa on arrival[124] 90 days
  • Can extend for a total of 90 days.
 Malaysia Visa not required[125] 30 days
 Maldives Visa on arrival[126] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[127]
 Malta Visa required[128]
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[129] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[130]
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[131] 60 days[132]
 Mexico Visa required[133]
  • Permanent residents of Canada or of the United States (i.e., Green Card Holders), or holders of a valid Schengen visa or US visa do not require a visa.[134]
 Micronesia Visa not required[135] 30 days
 Moldova Visa required[136]
 Monaco Visa required[137]
 Mongolia Visa not required[138] 21 days
 Montenegro Visa required[139]
 Morocco Visa not required[140] 90 days
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[141] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa not required[142] 14 days[143]
 Namibia Visa required[144]
 Nauru Visa required[145]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[146] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa required[147]
 New Zealand Visa required[148]
  • May transit without a visa.[149]
 Nicaragua Visa on arrival[150] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[151]
 Nigeria Visa required[152]
 Norway Visa required[153]
 Oman Visa required[154]
 Pakistan Visa required[155]
  • Visa on arrival when travelling on business valid for 30 days.
 Palau Visa on arrival[157] 30 days
 Panama Visa required[158]
  • Holders of a valid, multiple-entry visa of the United States, or United Kingdom, or Canada, or Australia, or the Schengen Area are allowed to stay for thirty (30) days.
  • Permanent residents of the United States, or United Kingdom, or Canada, or Australia, or the European Union are allowed entry to stay for thirty (30) days.
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[159] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa required[160]
 Peru Visa not required[161] 183 days
 Poland Visa required[162]
 Portugal Visa required[163]
 Qatar eVisa[164][165]
 Romania Visa required[166]
 Russia Visa required[167]
 Rwanda Visa not required[168][169] 90 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis eVisa[170] 30 days
 Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[171] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[172] 1 month
 Samoa Entry Permit on arrival[173] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[174]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[175]
  • Visa is obtained online.[176]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[177]
 Senegal Visa on arrival[178] 90 days
 Serbia Visa required[179]
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[180] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa required[181]
 Singapore Visa not required[182] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa required[183]
 Slovenia Visa required[184]
  • No visa required for holders of valid residence permits issued by Schengen States including Switzerland.
 Solomon Islands Visa required[185]
 Somalia Visa on arrival[186] 30 days
 South Africa Visa required[187]
 South Sudan Visa required[188]
 Spain Visa required[189]
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[190] 30 days
 Sudan Visa required[191]
 Suriname Visa not required[192] 90 days
 Sweden Visa required[193]
  Switzerland Visa required[194]
 Syria Visa required[195]
 Tajikistan eVisa[196] 45 days
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[197]
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[198][199] 3 months
 Thailand Visa not required[200] 30 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[201] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[202] 7 days
 Tonga Visa required[203]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa on arrival[204]
 Tunisia Visa required[205]
 Turkey Visa required[206] 30 days
  • eVisas can be obtained online[207] for USD20 provided that a return ticket, hotel reservation and at least USD50 for each day's stay is shown.
  • Must travel for the purposes of tourism or business and hold a valid visa OR valid residence permit from one of the Schengen countries, USA, UK or Ireland (E-visas are not accepted).[208]
 Turkmenistan Visa required[209]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[210] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[211]
 Ukraine Visa required[213]
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[214]
 United Kingdom Visa required[215]
 United States Visa required[216]
 Uruguay Visa required[217]
 Uzbekistan eVisa[218] 30 days
  • 5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[219]
 Vanuatu Visa not required[220] 30 days
 Vatican City Visa required[221]
 Venezuela Visa required[222]
 Vietnam Visa not required[223] 21 days
  • A single entry eVisa valid for 30 days is also available.[224]
 Yemen Visa required[225]
 Zambia eVisa[226]
 Zimbabwe eVisa[227]

Certain countries allow Filipino citizens to enter without a visa if they are in a possession of a valid visa or resident permit for Canada, Ireland, the Schengen area, the United States or the United Kingdom.

Territories and disputed areas

Visa requirements for Filipino citizens for entry to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Africa
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[228]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for foreign visitors is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[229]
 Mayotte Visa required[230]
 Réunion Visa required[230]
 Ascension Island eVisa[231][232]
  • 3 months within any year period
 Saint Helena eVisa[233][234]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[235]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
  • Filipino citizens may enter the Moroccan controlled zone of Western Sahara without obtaining a visa.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[236][237]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreign visitors traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[238]
Asia
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
China Hainan Visa required[239] Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)[240]
 Hong Kong Visa not required[241] 14 days
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[242][243][244]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[245]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[246]
  • May stay up to 14 days.
 Macao Visa not required[247] 30 days
Maldives Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[248]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa required[249] Unknown by Timatic.
Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[250]
 Taiwan Visa not required[251] 14 days from 1 November 2017 to 31 July 2019.[252]
eVisa is also available until 8 October 2018.[253]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[254][255][256]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[257]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Anguilla Visa required[258]
 Aruba Visa required[259] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[260]
 Bermuda Visa required 180 days, Permanent residents of the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom do not require a visa.
Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa required[261] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[260]
 British Virgin Islands Visa required[262] Permanent residents of the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom do not require a visa.
 Cayman Islands Visa required[263] Up to 30 days visa-free for permanent residents of and traveling directly from: Canada, USA or UK.[264][265][266] Visa free for cruise ship passengers leaving on same day as arrival.[267]
 Curacao Visa required[268] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[260]
France French Guiana Visa required[269] Schengen visa is required.
France French West Indies Visa required French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[270]
 Greenland Visa required[271] Schengen visa is required.
 Montserrat eVisa[272] Multiple entry eVisa valid for 1 year can be obtained through the internet, prior to departure.
 Puerto Rico Visa required[273] Visa issued by the United States is required.
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa required[230] Permanent Residents of Canada are exempted from passport and visa requirements for stays of maximum duration of 3 months within a period of 6 months.[274]
 Sint Maarten Visa required[275] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[260]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required[276] Visa is required as of 1 April 2015
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[277] Visa issued by the United States is required.
Europe
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required[278]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). there is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[279][280]
 Republic of Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required.[281]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[282][283]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[284] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa required[271]
 Gibraltar Visa required[285] British visa is required.
 Guernsey Visa required[286] British visa is required.
 Isle of Man Visa required[287] British visa is required.
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[288] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[289]
 Jersey Visa required[290] British visa is required.
 Kosovo Visa required[291] Visa free for a maximum stay of 15 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.[291]
  • Do not need a visa a holder of a valid biometric residence permit issued by one of the Schengen member states or a valid multi-entry Schengen Visa , a holder of a valid Laissez-Passer issued by United Nations Organizations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe or European Union a holder of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay)[292]
 Republic of Artsakh Visa required[293][294] Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[295]
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[296]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[297][298]
 Svalbard Visa not required Svalbard Treaty allows everybody may live and work in Svalbard indefinitely regardless of country of citizenship.
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24 hours.[299][300]
Oceania
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Visa required[301]
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[302]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[303]
 Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days[304]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[305]
 French Polynesia Visa required[306]
 Guam Visa required[307] US visa is required.
 New Caledonia Visa required[230]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa required US visa is required.
 Niue Visa not required 30 days[308]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[309][310][311]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[312][313][314][315][316][317][318]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa required[230]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Falkland Islands Visa required[319]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[320][321]
Antarctica Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332][333]

APEC Business Travel Card

  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[334]

1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages for the holder:[335]

  • no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States)
  • may undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
  • expedited scheduling of a visa interview (United States)

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[336] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[337] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[338]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[339][340]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[341][342] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[343]

Some countries, such as Japan,[344] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[345] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[346] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[347] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[348] Philippines,[349] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[350]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[351] and South Africa.

Maximum passport age

Countries of the Schengen area require non-EU passports to be less than 10 years old upon entry.[352] A number of holders of British passports, which until September 2018 could be issued with a validity period of up to 10 years and nine months if the previous passport was not expired, were unable to travel to the EU subsequent to Brexit due to this restriction.[353]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[354] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[355]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[356] Lebanon,[357] Libya,[358] and Yemen[359] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[360]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[361][362] Argentina,[363] Brunei, Cambodia,[364] China,[365] Ethiopia,[366] Ghana, Guinea,[367] India, Japan,[368][369] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[370] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[371] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[372] Singapore, South Korea,[373] Taiwan, Thailand,[374] Uganda,[375] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[376][377][378] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[379]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[380] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[381][382]

See also

References and Notes

References

  1. ^ "Japan and Singapore Are Global Leaders When It Comes to Passport Power". Cision PR Newswire. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2018. Japan and Singapore share the 1st place on the latest Henley Passport Index, enjoying visa-free access to 189 destinations and kicking Germany into 2nd place for the first time since 2013. South Korea shares 3rd place with Sweden, Finland, Italy, Spain, Denmark, and France.
  2. ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  3. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  4. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  5. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  6. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  7. ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  8. ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  9. ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  10. ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  11. ^ "Visitor e600 Visa Online Applications". Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
  12. ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  13. ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
  14. ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  15. ^ "Entry Requirements". The Official Site of The Bahamas.
  16. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  17. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  18. ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
  19. ^ Barbados government website
  20. ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
  21. ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
  22. ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
  23. ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
  24. ^ "Accueil e-visa". evisa.gouv.bj.
  25. ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  26. ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
  27. ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  28. ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
  29. ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
  30. ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
  31. ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
  32. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  33. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  34. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  35. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  36. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  37. ^ [1]
  38. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  39. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  40. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  41. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  42. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  43. ^ Hainan Regulated Visa Waiver Policy, Hainan Tourism Development Commission
  44. ^ "Applying Visa on Arrival in Shenzhen for Filipinos – Diamzon Travel Diaries". www.diamzon.com.
  45. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  46. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  47. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  48. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  49. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  50. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  51. ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
  52. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  53. ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
  54. ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
  55. ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
  56. ^ "eVisa". www.evisa.gouv.dj.
  57. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  58. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  59. ^ Ministerio de Turismo (2017-06-23). "RD promotes MICE offer under the World Education Congress". GoDominicanRepublic.com. Retrieved 2018-07-27.
  60. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  61. ^ "Egypt Tourist Visa Application Requirements for Filipinos – Egypt Embassy, Manila – Diamzon Travel Diaries". www.diamzon.com.
  62. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  63. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  64. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  65. ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  66. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  67. ^ "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  68. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  69. ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  70. ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  71. ^ [2]
  72. ^ "Gabon e-Visa". evisa.dgdi.ga.
  73. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  74. ^ Entry clearance is not required if traveling as tourists on a charter flight.
  75. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  76. ^ "No Title".
  77. ^ "Other conditions for Georgian visa exemption".
  78. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  79. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  80. ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
  81. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  82. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  83. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  84. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  85. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  86. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  87. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  88. ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  89. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  90. ^ "Indian e-Visa". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
  91. ^ e-Visa
  92. ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
  93. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  94. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  95. ^ "Iran extends airport visa validity to 30 days". 3 August 2015.
  96. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  97. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  98. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  99. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  100. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  101. ^ "Jamaica visa for Philippines passport holder living in Canada". VisaHQ.ca.
  102. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  103. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  104. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  105. ^ eCitizen. "eCitizen - Gateway to All Government Services". immigration.ecitizen.go.ke.
  106. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  107. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  108. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  109. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  110. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  111. ^ "e-VISA". evisa.e-gov.kg. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  112. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  113. ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  114. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  115. ^ "visa lesotho tourism documents travel evisalesotho.com". Lesotho E-Visa.
  116. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  118. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  119. ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
  120. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  121. ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  122. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  123. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  124. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  125. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  126. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  127. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  128. ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
  129. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  130. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  131. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  132. ^ "Passport and Immigration office - Visa Requirements in Mauritius". Passport.govmu.org. Retrieved 2018-07-27.
  133. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  134. ^ "Consulado de México en Nueva York". consulmex.sre.gob.mx.
  135. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  136. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  137. ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  138. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  139. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  140. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  141. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  142. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  143. ^ "Pinoys may now enjoy visa-free entry to Myanmar".
  144. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  145. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  146. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  147. ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  148. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  149. ^ "N2.5 Transit visa country waiver list". www.immigration.govt.nz.
  150. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  151. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  152. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  153. ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
  154. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  155. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  156. ^ "Business Visa. Ministry of Interior of Pakistan".
  157. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  158. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  159. ^ eVisa, Papua New Guinea (PNG) Immigration and Citizenship Authority (ICA)
  160. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  161. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  162. ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
  163. ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
  164. ^ [3][permanent dead link‍]
  165. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  166. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
  167. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  168. ^ [4]
  169. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  170. ^ [5]
  171. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  172. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  173. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  174. ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
  175. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  176. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2015-05-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  177. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  178. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  179. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  180. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  181. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  182. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  183. ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
  184. ^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
  185. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  186. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  187. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  188. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  189. ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
  190. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  191. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  192. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  193. ^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
  194. ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
  195. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  196. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  197. ^ "Tajikistan e-Visa". www.evisa.tj.
  198. ^ eVisa Tanzania
  199. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  200. ^ [6]
  201. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  202. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  203. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  204. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  205. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  206. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  207. ^ Republic of Turkey electronic visa application system website accessed 11 February 2016
  208. ^ Republic of Turkey electronic visa application system website page presented after the Philippines is selected as the passport country accessed 11 February 2016
  209. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  210. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  211. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  212. ^ "Uganda e-Visa". visas.immigration.go.ug.
  213. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  214. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  215. ^ UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
  216. ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  217. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  218. ^ Official electronic visa portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan
  219. ^ "ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН О ДАЛЬНЕЙШИХ МЕРАХ ПО ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПОРЯДКА ВЪЕЗДА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ГРАЖДАН В РЕСПУБЛИКУ УЗБЕКИСТАН". lex.uz. 4 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  220. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  221. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  222. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  223. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  224. ^ "E-visa".
  225. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  226. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  227. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  228. ^ "British Indian Ocean Territory travel advice". GOV.UK.
  229. ^ Splinter, Hans van der. "Ministry of Tourism - Tourism Service Center". www.eritrea.be.
  230. ^ a b c d e "Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements". Ministère des Affaires étrangères. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  231. ^ "Ascension Island E-Visa System". 13 November 2018.
  232. ^ "Entry Visas". 13 November 2018.
  233. ^ "Saint Helena eVisa". Saint Helena Government.
  234. ^ "VISA REQUIREMENTS FOR VISITING ST HELENA". St Helena Government. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  235. ^ Grundy, Richard. "Tristan da Cunha Tourism". www.tristandc.com.
  236. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2018-05-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  237. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-11-17. Retrieved 2006-11-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  238. ^ "Republic of South Sudan Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  239. ^ https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=CN&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=00&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C[permanent dead link‍]
  240. ^ Tours must be organized by a travel agent registered in Hainan province and approved by the National Tourism Administration of China.
  241. ^ Visit visa / entry permit requirements for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Immigration Department of Hong Kong, April 2017. Electronic Services for Visa Application, Immigration Department of Hong Kong.
  242. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2013-11-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  243. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2014-08-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  244. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-07-13. Retrieved 2014-08-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  245. ^ "Kazakhstan Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  246. ^ "Iran Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  247. ^ Immigration Clearance of Non-residents of Macao, Macao SAR Government Portal.
  248. ^ "Maldives Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  249. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  250. ^ "Israel Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  251. ^ Visa, Bureau of Consular Affairs of Taiwan.
  252. ^ News, Kyodo. "Taiwan extends visa-free entry for Philippines, Thailand, Brunei". {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  253. ^ 外交部領事事務局 (10 July 2017). "外交部領事事務局全球資訊網". www.boca.gov.tw.
  254. ^ "Pamirs - the roof of the world". www.pamirs.org.
  255. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-04-23. Retrieved 2014-08-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  256. ^ "Tajikistan-Visa". 27 April 2012.
  257. ^ "Yemen Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  258. ^ Visa requirements for Anguilla, Government of Anguilla, October 2016.
  259. ^ Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom?, Government of the Netherlands.
  260. ^ a b c d Visa procedure for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Netherlands Embassy in Beijing, China
  261. ^ Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom?, Government of the Netherlands.
  262. ^ Visas, Tourism Board of the British Virgin Islands.
  263. ^ Visa-free and visa-required countries, Department of Immigration of the Cayman Islands.
  264. ^ [7]
  265. ^ [8]
  266. ^ [9]
  267. ^ "Travel Requirements".
  268. ^ Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom?, Government of the Netherlands.
  269. ^ "Visa Information". Timatic. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  270. ^ "Visa Information". Timatic. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  271. ^ a b "Entry requirements - Denmark travel advice".
  272. ^ Countries not requiring a visa, Immigration Department of Montserrat.
  273. ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  274. ^ [10]
  275. ^ Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom?, Government of the Netherlands.
  276. ^ Requirements to obtain a Turks and Caicos visitor's visa, Ministry of Border Control and Employment of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
  277. ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  278. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-06-23. Retrieved 2017-06-23. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  279. ^ "The Friends of Mount Athos - A Pilgrim's Guide to Mount Athos: Planning Your Visit". www.athosfriends.org.
  280. ^ "Mount Athos Infos is under construction". www.mountathosinfos.gr.
  281. ^ "Foreigners Now Need Russian Visa to Visit Crimea".
  282. ^ Cyprus, Korinia Estate Agency, North. "Northern Cyprus, Living in North Cyprus, Postal System, Passports and Visa". www.korinia.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  283. ^ "How to get to North Cyprus? - Passport, Visa & Entry Requirements". www.cypnet.co.uk.
  284. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-10-21. Retrieved 2014-07-23. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  285. ^ Visas and immigration, Government of Gibraltar.
  286. ^ "Do I require an entry clearance/ VISA". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2018-05-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  287. ^ "An overview of Immigration in the Isle of Man". Archived from the original on 2013-11-23. Retrieved 2018-05-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  288. ^ Crew, Jan Mayen. "JAN MAYEN HOMESITE, EDITED BY THE JAN MAYEN CREW". www.jan-mayen.no.
  289. ^ "FOR 1962-06-01 nr 01: Forskrifter om utlendingers adgang til Jan Mayen".
  290. ^ Jersey, States of. "Visa and passport requirements for visitors". www.gov.je.
  291. ^ a b "Special Categories Exempted From Visa Requirements - For Foreign Citizens - Consular Services - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo.
  292. ^ "Visas For Foreign Citizens - For Kosovo Citizens - Consular Services - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo. Archived from the original on 2013-03-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  293. ^ "The procedure of foreign citizens' entry to the NKR - MFA NKR". www.nkr.am.
  294. ^ "The Office of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic in USA". www.nkrusa.org.
  295. ^ FS. "Azərbaycan Respublikasının Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi Azərbaycan Respublikasının vətəndaşlarına Liviyada mövcud olan vəziyyətlə bağlı xəbərdarlıq edir, 12 may 2011-ci il". mfa.gov.az.
  296. ^ "Russian Federation Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  297. ^ "О визах - Министерство иностранных дел". mfa-rso.su.
  298. ^ "Procedure of the Entry to the Territory of the Republic of South Ossetia - Министерство иностранных дел". mfa-rso.su.
  299. ^ "Luxlana.net". Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2018-05-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  300. ^ "Rules and recommendations - Transnistria tour". transnistria-tour.com.
  301. ^ General information, American Samoa Visitors Bureau.
  302. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-10-31. Retrieved 2015-08-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  303. ^ Quintero, Bruno. "Clipperton - Ile de La Passion". www.clipperton.fr.
  304. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-11-15. Retrieved 2013-11-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  305. ^ "Fiji Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  306. ^ Ruling of 29 December 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of French Polynesia, Légifrance (in French).
  307. ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  308. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-08-24. Retrieved 2014-08-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  309. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2018-05-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  310. ^ Haigh, Bill. "Pitcairn Islands". www.government.pn.
  311. ^ "Immigration data" (PDF). www.government.pn.
  312. ^ [11]
  313. ^ [12]
  314. ^ "Redirect Page". www.fws.gov.
  315. ^ [13]
  316. ^ [14]
  317. ^ [15]
  318. ^ [16]
  319. ^ "Visit The Falkland Islands - Falklands". www.falklandislands.com.
  320. ^ "South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (British Overseas Territory) travel advice".
  321. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. Retrieved 2018-05-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  322. ^ "Antarctic tourism - British Antarctic Survey". www.antarctica.ac.uk.
  323. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2011-04-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  324. ^ "British Antarctic Territory - GOV.UK". britishantarcticterritory.fco.gov.uk.
  325. ^ "Accès à l'Antarctique". www.taaf.fr.
  326. ^ "Accès aux Terres australes françaises". www.taaf.fr.
  327. ^ "Accès aux îles Eparses". www.taaf.fr.
  328. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-08-05. Retrieved 2014-08-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  329. ^ "Forms expeditioners must sign". www.antarctica.gov.au.
  330. ^ Division, c=AU;o=Commonwealth of Australia;ou=Department of the Environment and Energy;ou=Australian Antarctic. "Frequently asked questions". www.heardisland.aq.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  331. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2014-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  332. ^ "Dronning Maud Land". Norwegian Polar Institute.
  333. ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade acts in the world to make New Zealanders safer and more prosperous". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
  334. ^ "The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Business Travel Card". www.apec.org.
  335. ^ "APEC Business Travel Card".[permanent dead link‍]
  336. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  337. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
  338. ^ "Fièvre jaune" (in French). September 2, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  339. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
  340. ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
  341. ^ "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  342. ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
  343. ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
  344. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
  345. ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
  346. ^ Bahrain government website
  347. ^ "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
  348. ^ "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  349. ^ "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  350. ^ Timatic
  351. ^ "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  352. ^ https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/entry-exit/non-eu-nationals/index_en.htm
  353. ^ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-68658209
  354. ^ Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
  355. ^ "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Mar 18, 2005. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  356. ^ "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  357. ^ Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  358. ^ "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  359. ^ "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  360. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
  361. ^ "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
  362. ^ Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times.
  363. ^ "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
  364. ^ "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012.
  365. ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 Jan 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
  366. ^ "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.
  367. ^ "Visa". paf.gov.gn.
  368. ^ "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  369. ^ "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 2007-10-26.
  370. ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
  371. ^ "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  372. ^ "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  373. ^ "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  374. ^ "National News Bureau of Thailand".
  375. ^ AfricaNews (2019-01-14). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  376. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  377. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  378. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  379. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  380. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  381. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  382. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.

Notes

  1. ^
  2. ^
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Visa_requirements_for_Philippine_citizens&oldid=882054472"