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{{Fs player|no=30|nat=Brazil|pos=FW|name=[[Marquinhos Calazans|Marquinhos]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=30|nat=Brazil|pos=FW|name=[[Marquinhos Calazans|Marquinhos]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=31|nat=Brazil|pos=MF|name=[[Luiz Fernando Ferreira Maximiniano|Luiz Fernando]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=31|nat=Brazil|pos=MF|name=[[Luiz Fernando Ferreira Maximiniano|Luiz Fernando]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=32|nat=Brazil|pos=FW|name=[[Marcos Paulo Costa do Nascimento|Marcos Paulo]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=32|nat=Portugal|pos=FW|name=[[Marcos Paulo Costa do Nascimento|Marcos Paulo]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=34|nat=Brazil|pos=MF|name=[[Caio Vinícius da Conceição|Caio]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=34|nat=Brazil|pos=MF|name=[[Caio Vinícius da Conceição|Caio]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|no=37|nat=Brazil|pos=FW|name=[[Everaldo (footballer, born 1994)|Everaldo]]|other=on loan from [[Associação Esportiva Velo Clube Rioclarense|Velo Clube]]}}
{{Fs player|no=37|nat=Brazil|pos=FW|name=[[Everaldo (footballer, born 1994)|Everaldo]]|other=on loan from [[Associação Esportiva Velo Clube Rioclarense|Velo Clube]]}}

Revision as of 21:10, 10 February 2019

"Fluminense" redirects here. For the gentilic, see Rio de Janeiro (state).

Fluminense
File:Fluminense fc logo.svg
Full nameFluminense Football Club
Nickname(s)Tricolor, Flu, Fluzão (Big Flu), Nense, Pó de Arroz (Rice Powder), Time de Guerreiros (Team of Warriors)
Founded21 July 1902; 122 years ago (1902-07-21)
StadiumMaracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil and Estádio das Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
PresidentPedro Abad
Current coachFernando Diniz
LeagueCampeonato Brasileiro Série A
Campeonato Carioca
Série A, 12th
Carioca, 4th
Websitehttp://www.fluminense.com.br/

Fluminense Football Club (Portuguese pronunciation: [flumiˈnẽsi ˈfutʃibow klɐb]), known simply as Fluminense or Tricolor, is a Brazilian sports club best known for its football team that is currently playing in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A,[nb 1] the top tier of Brazilian football and the Campeonato Carioca,[nb 2] the state league of Rio de Janeiro. The club is based in the Laranjeiras neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro. Fluminense plays their home games at the Maracanã Stadium, which currently holds up to 78,838 spectators.

The club was founded on 21 July 1902 by the sons of Carioca aristocrats, being led by Oscar Cox, a Brazilian sportsman, in the bairro of Flamengo, a direct contrast between the aristocratic founders and the modest ground it was founded on. Cox was elected as the club's first president. Fluminense have been state champions on 31 occasions, second only to Flamengo with 34. The team have been national champions four times, most recently in 2012 in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, they won the Copa do Brasil in 2007 and the Série C in 1999

Fluminense is a demonym for people who reside in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Although football was the club's original endeavor, the club is today an umbrella organisation for several teams in more than 16 different sport activities. Fluminense's home kit is dark red-and-green vertical striped shirts, with white shorts, accompanied by white socks; this combination has been used since 1920. Under Armour is the kit manufacturer. Fluminense holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably against Flamengo (Fla-Flu), as well as with Botafogo and Vasco da Gama. It has contributed the fifth-most players to Brazil's national football team.[1]

History

Oscar Cox, founder of Fluminense
The team that won its first Campeonato Carioca, in 1906
Laranjeiras Stadium, the Brazilian national team's first ground
The Fluminense team in 1908, posing with the trophies won

Fluminense Football Club was founded on 21 July 1902 in Rio de Janeiro by Oscar Cox, a Brazilian of English heritage,[2] in the then aristocratic neighbourhood of Laranjeiras.[3] Fluminense was formed by sons of the elite who had come into contact with football while studying in Europe.[4]

The first official match was played against now defunct Rio FC, and Fluminense won 8–0.[2] The club's first title came in 1906, when Fluminense won the Campeonato Carioca.[2]

In 1911, disagreement between Fluminense players led to the formation of Flamengo's football team.[2] The so-called Fla-Flu derby is considered one of the biggest in the history of Brazilian football.[5] Three years later, in Fluminense's stadium, the Brazilian national football team debuted, against touring English club Exeter City.[2] It was also there that they won their first title, in 1919.[6]

Preguinho, a Fluminense notable player

By 1924, Fluminense had 4,000 members, a stadium for 25,000 people, and facilities that impressed clubs in Europe.[7]

In an unfortunate event in 1914, Carlos Alberto, a mulatto playing for Fluminense, decided to cover himself in face powder to disguise the color of his skin. This ultimately led to one of the club's nicknames, pó de arroz, which is the Portuguese for 'white powder'.[8][9] Although, like almost all football teams in Brazil at the time, racism was common among Fluminense supporters, Fluminense had a long history of black players even before football became a professional sport.[10] [11] [12]

The following years saw an expansion of the club's hegemony in Rio. Fluminense would remain unsurpassed in terms of state championships until 2009.[13] International acclaim came in 1949 with the awarding of the Olympic Cup, and was further fostered in 1952 with Fluminense's first intercontinental honour, the Copa Rio.[2][14] The club established itself regionally with victory in two Torneio Rio-São Paulo cups in 1957 and 1960.[2] National honors followed in 1970, 1984, 2010 and 2012 with Taça de Prata and Série A cups, respectively.,[2] also taking the Cup in Brazil in 2007.

From the 1950s, with the creation of the Rio-São Paulo Tournament, the forerunner of what eventually would become the national championship, Fluminense established itself regionally by winning the tournament title in the years of 1957 and 1960.

From the 1960s, the first national championships began to be played in Brazil. Fluminense's first national title came in 1970; at that time, Brazil had the best players in world football, and all of them played in Brazilian clubs. Although its squad was not counted among the main contenders of the season in Brazil, Fluminense won the Brazilian championship and surpassed the great strengths of the time in Santos, Palmeiras and Cruzeiro.

In the 1970s, Fluminense signed several famous players like Roberto Rivellino. This time, called "maquina tricolor", they won the state championship in the years of 1975 and 1976. In the national championship, Fluminense lost in the semifinal matches to Internacional in 1975 and Corinthians in 1976.

Fluminense again became Brazilian champions in 1984. This time, they won the state Championship in the years of 1983, 1984 and 1985 with players like Romerito, Ricardo Gomes, Deley, and the "Casal Vinte": Assis and Washington.

At the end of the 1980s, Copa do Brasil was created, inspired by the Cup tournaments played in European countries. Fluminense reached the final of the Copa do Brasil for the first time in 1992, but lost to Internacional de Porto Alegre.

In 2002, 2005 and 2012, Fluminense won the Campeonato Carioca again. In 2005 Fluminense reached the final of the Copa do Brasil again, but lost to Paulista Futebol Clube.

In 2007, Fluminense won the Copa do Brasil, after beating Figueirense in the final, and was admitted to the Copa Libertadores again after 23 years.[2][15] The club's campaign saw them reach the final and included remarkable matches against Arsenal de Sarandí, São Paulo and Boca Juniors.[16][17][18] Fluminense lost the final to LDU Quito in a penalty shootout.[19]

After signing 27 players and going through 5 different managers in 2009, Fluminense found themselves struggling to avoid another relegation from Série A.[20] With less than one-third of the championship left, the mathematical probability of the club's relegation was 98%.[21] At this point, manager Cuca decided to dispense with some of the more experienced players and gave Fluminense's youngsters a chance.[22] That, along with Fred's recovery from a serious injury and substantial support from the fans, allowed not only a sensational escape from relegation, but also placed Fluminense in the final of the Copa Sudamericana.[23][24] For the second year in a row, the club contested a continental cup. In a repeat of the previous year's Copa Libertadores, Fluminense lost the final to LDU Quito.[25]

The Flu players before playing the 2008 Copa Libertadores final match

In 2010, Fluminense won the Brazilian championship for the third time in their history, marking their third national championship after 1970 and 1984. It was also the fourth title for coach Muricy Ramalho in a decade: Ramalho had won the title three times in a row with São Paulo from 2006 to 2008. Darío Conca was named the Brazilian Championship's Player of the Season, while Fred and Washington were decisive players in Fluminense's winning campaign.

On 23 May 2012, Fluminense lost the semifinal qualification match to Boca Juniors from Argentina, for the continental club football cup, Copa Libertadores.[26] Later that year, on 11 November, they won their fourth Brazilian championship after defeating the near-relegated Palmeiras 3–2.[27] Fluminense won the Série A for the fourth time on 11 November 2012.[28]

Performance

Fluminense have taken part in 36 of the 38 official Serie A championships organized in Brazil since 1971.[29]

Year Position Participants Year Position Participants
1971 16 20 1981 11 44
1972 14 26 1982 5 44
1973 23 40 1983 18 44
1974 24 40 1984 1 41
1975 3 42 1985 22 44
1976 4 54 1986 6 48
1977 26 62 1987 7 16
1978 22 74 1988 3 24
1979 52 94 1989 15 22
1980 11 44 1990 15 20
Year Position Participants Year Position Participants
1991 4 20 2001 3 28
1992 14 20 2002 4 26
1993 28 32 2003 19 24
1994 15 24 2004 9 24
1995 4 24 2005 5 22
1996 23Decrease 24 2006 15 20
1997 25Decrease 26 2007 4 20
1998 Série B Decrease 2008 14 20
1999 Série C Increase 2009 16 20
2000 3 25 2010 1 20
Year Position Participants Year Position Participants
2011 3 20
2012 1 20
2013 15 20
2014 6 20
2015 13 20
2016 13 20
2017 14 20

Sponsors

Companies that Fluminense Football Club currently has sponsorship deals with include:

Records

Fans of Fluminense at the Maracanã
Fluminense luminous mosaic arises, by fans in Maracanã.

Highest attendances – Maracanã[30]

  • 1. Fluminense 0–0 Flamengo, 1963 194,603 ¹
  • 2. Fluminense 3–2 Flamengo, 1969 171,599
  • 3. Fluminense 1–0 Botafogo, 1971 160,000
  • 4. Fluminense 0–0 Flamengo, 1976 155,116
  • 5. Fluminense 1–0 Flamengo, 1984 153,520
  • 6. Fluminense 1–1 Corinthians, 1976 146,043

¹: 177,656 paying, a record for persons present at Maracanã stadium.

Highest average attendance at public competition for Fluminense

  • Largest average attendance in the Copa Libertadores (RJ): 52,801 (49,011 paying, 2008)
  • Largest average attendance in the Copa Sudamericana (RJ): 29,357 (27,318 paying, 2009)
  • Largest average attendance in international tournaments (RJ): 48,797 (37,541 paying, Copa Rio, 1952)
  • Largest average attendance in national championships (RJ): 43,541 paying (1976)
  • Largest average attendance in the Tournament Roberto Gomes Pedrosa (RJ): 40,408 paying (1970)
  • Largest average attendance in the Brazil Cup (RJ): 27,123 paying (2007)
  • Largest average attendance in the Rio-São Paulo Tournament (RJ): 33,018 paying (1960)
  • Largest average attendance in the state championship: 47,814 paying (1969, all stages)
  • Largest average attendance in the state championship in the Maracana Stadium: 93,560 paying (1969, 10 matches)

Support

The supporters of Fluminense Football Club are usually related to the upper classes of Rio de Janeiro.[31] However, the popularity of the club reaches beyond the city limits. Recent polls have estimated the number of supporters to be between 1.3% and 3.7% of the Brazilian population.[32] Considering a population of 185 million people,[33] that would account for numbers between 2.73 and 6.84 million.

The best attendance ever observed in a match of Fluminense was registered on 15 December 1963 in a rally against Flamengo. On that day, an impressive number of 194,000 people showed up at Maracanã stadium.[34] This occasion remains as the stadium's record for a match between clubs.[35]

Notable supporters of Fluminense include composers Cartola and Chico Buarque,[36][37] FIFA president of honor João Havelange,[5] musician Ivan Lins,[38] poet and actor Mário Lago,[39] journalist and songwriter Nelson Motta,[40] dramatist, journalist and writer Nelson Rodrigues,[40] 1970 FIFA World Cup winner Gérson, Paris Saint-Germain central defender Thiago Silva, Left-back legend Marcelo, former Minister of Culture. Silvio Santos, the owner of SBT, the second largest Brazilian television network,[41] and the Academy Award nominee Fernanda Montenegro.[42]

Titles

Some of the trophies won by Fluminense, exhibited at the club: (left): Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and Copa Rio amongst others; (right) the Copa do Brasil won in 2007

Intercontinental

National

Regional

Local

  • Campeonato Carioca: (31) 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1924, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1951, 1959, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2012

International Tournaments

Fluminense main derbies

According to the fluzao.info site, the average paying public at the principal classics of Fluminense played in the Estádio do Maracanã is 60,107 against Flamengo, 43,735 against Vasco, 34,359 against Botafogo, 25,127 against America and 22,527 against Bangu. These statistics could be about 20% higher, given the issues of the distribution of gratuities at Maracanã.[44]

Corinthians vs Fluminense, interstate derby

The derby against Corinthians is perhaps the most representative among the various confrontations with big Brazilian clubs played by Fluminense, given the fact that these clubs often intersect at decisive moments in their seasons.[citation needed]

Players

See also: List of Fluminense Football Club players

Current squad

As of 31 January 2019[45]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Brazil BRA Marcos Felipe
2 DF Brazil BRA Gilberto (on loan from Fiorentina)
3 DF Brazil BRA Matheus Ferraz
4 DF Brazil BRA Paulo Ricardo
5 MF Brazil BRA Airton
6 DF Brazil BRA Ezequiel
7 FW Brazil BRA Pablo Dyego
8 MF Brazil BRA Bruno Silva
9 FW Brazil BRA Pedro
10 MF Brazil BRA Paulo Henrique Ganso
11 FW Colombia COL Yony González
12 DF Brazil BRA Marlon
13 DF Brazil BRA Frazan
14 DF Brazil BRA Nathan
15 MF Brazil BRA Dodi
16 DF Brazil BRA Mascarenhas
No. Pos. Nation Player
17 FW Brazil BRA Robinho
18 FW Brazil BRA Luciano
19 MF Brazil BRA Caio (on loan from Atletico Madrid)
20 MF Brazil BRA Daniel
21 DF Brazil BRA Igor Julião
22 FW Brazil BRA Mateus
23 FW Brazil BRA João Pedro
25 GK Brazil BRA Agenor
26 DF Brazil BRA Digão (on loan from Cruzeiro)
30 FW Brazil BRA Marquinhos
31 MF Brazil BRA Luiz Fernando
32 FW Portugal POR Marcos Paulo
34 MF Brazil BRA Caio
37 FW Brazil BRA Everaldo (on loan from Velo Clube)
38 MF Brazil BRA Zé Ricardo
39 GK Brazil BRA Rodolfo
For recent transfers, see List of Brazilian football transfers winter 2018–19.

Reserve team

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
38 MF Brazil BRA Dudu

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF Brazil BRA Giovanni (on loan at América Mineiro until 31 December 2018)
— DF Brazil BRA Léo (on loan at Bahia until 31 December 2018)
— DF Brazil BRA Nogueira (on loan at Figueirense until 31 December 2018)
— DF Brazil BRA Reginaldo (on loan at Ponte Preta until 31 December 2018)
— MF Brazil BRA Marlon Freitas (on loan at Criciúma until 30 November 2018)
— MF Brazil BRA Edson (on loan at Bahia until 31 December 2018)
— MF Brazil BRA Luquinhas (on loan at Oeste until 31 December 2018)
— MF Brazil BRA Felipe Amorim (on loan at Figueirense until 31 December 2018)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF Ecuador ECU Jefferson Orejuela (on loan at LDU Quito until 31 December 2018)
— MF Brazil BRA Willian (on loan at Guarani until 31 December 2018)
77 FW Brazil BRA Lucas Fernandes (on loan at Vitória until 31 December 2018)
— FW Brazil BRA Maranhão (on loan at Goiás until 31 December 2018)
— FW Brazil BRA Patrick Carvalho (on loan at Chiasso until 30 June 2019)
— FW Brazil BRA Peu (on loan at Flu Šamorín until 30 June 2019)
— FW Brazil BRA Wellington Silva (on loan at Internacional until 31 December 2018)

First-team staff

As of April 2017.
Position Name Nationality
Head coach Marcelo Oliveira  Brazilian
Assistant coach Matheus Costa  Brazilian
Fitness coaches Flávio Vignoli  Brazilian
Jefferson Souza  Brazilian

Head coaches

Statistics

Players with most appearances

Name Matches
1st Brazil Castilho 699
2nd Brazil Pinheiro 603
3rd Brazil Telê Santana 556
4th Brazil Altair 549
5th Brazil Escurinho 490
6th Brazil Rubens Galaxe 462
7th Brazil Denílson 433
8th Brazil Assis (Defender) 424
9th Brazil Waldo 403
10th Brazil Marcão (Midfielder) 397

Top goalscorers

Name Goals Years
1st Brazil Waldo 319 1954–61
2nd Brazil Orlando Pingo de Ouro 188 1945–55
3rd Brazil Fred 172 2009–16
4th Brazil Hércules 165 1935–42
5th Brazil Telê Santana 164 1950–61
6th England Welfare 163 1913–23
7th Russia Russo 149 1933–44
8th Brazil Preguinho 128 1925–39
9th Brazil Washington 124 1983–89
10th Brazil Magno Alves 121 1998–2002 / 2015-

Coaches with most games

Name Matches
1st Brazil Zezé Moreira 467
2nd Uruguay Ondino Viera 300
3rd Brazil Abel Braga 202
4th Brazil Renato Gaúcho 178
5th Brazil Tim 166
6th Brazil Nelsinho Rosa 156
7th Brazil Carlos Alberto Parreira 146
8th Brazil Sylvio Pirillo 138
9th Brazil Luís Vinhaes 137
10th Brazil Paulo Emílio 126

Notes

  1. ^ Also known by its nickname Brasileirão.
  2. ^ Also known by its nickname Cariocão.

References

  1. ^ RSSSF Brasil - Jogadores cedidos por clube na história da Seleção Brasileira (in Portuguese) - Retrieved 15 September 2018
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Fluminense – Forever Flu". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Retrieved 7 June 2009.
  3. ^ "Fluminense fiesta". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 22 August 2002. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  4. ^ "How football conquered Brazil". 18 May 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  5. ^ a b "Passion, carnival and crazy goals". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). 13 July 2001. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  6. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1919". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  7. ^ Mason, Tony (1995). Passion of the people? Football in South America. Verso. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-86091-403-7. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  8. ^ Rodrigues, Mário (2003). O negro no futebol brasileiro (in Portuguese). Mauad. pp. 36, 37, 41, 44, 51, 60, 62, 63, 69, 70, 77, 210, 281. ISBN 978-85-7478-096-2. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  9. ^ "Pó-de-arroz: provocação que virou símbolo". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 5 March 2008. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  10. ^ "No Dia da Consciência Negra, Fluminense põe os "pingos nos is" e desmistifica rótulos racistas". explosaotricolor.com (in Portuguese). 5 November 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  11. ^ "Fluminense desmistifica origem do apelido "Pó de arroz"" (in Portuguese). netflu. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  12. ^ "A mentira que ganhou ares verdadeiros, agora cai por terra". canelada (in Portuguese). 14 May 2015. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Fla consolida supremacia com seis títulos na década". Jornal O Dia (in Portuguese). 4 May 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  14. ^ "Fluminense Football Club – Conquistas" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. Archived from the original on 26 November 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "Fluminense volta à Libertadores após 23 anos". UOL Esporte (in Portuguese). 6 June 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  16. ^ "Flu massacra Arsenal em noite de gala". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 5 March 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  17. ^ "Flu leva a melhor no Maraca e está na semifinal da Taça Libertadores". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 21 May 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  18. ^ Leach, Conrad (6 June 2008). "Flu flay Boca as Brazilians fly into final". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  19. ^ Duarte, Fernando (4 July 2008). "Fluminense in mourning after Maracana party turns to tears". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  20. ^ "Balcão de negócios e alta rotatividade ajudam a explicar desespero do Flu". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 5 October 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  21. ^ "Degola mais próxima: Fluminense tem 98% de chances de rebaixamento". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 9 October 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  22. ^ "Por xeque-mate contra queda, Cuca celebra troca de peças no Tricolor". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 4 November 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  23. ^ "Fred saves the day for Flu". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  24. ^ "A média de público final do Campeonato Brasileiro 2009". O Globo (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  25. ^ "Fluminense luta até o fim, mas título fica novamente com a LDU, verdadeiro algoz". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 3 December 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  26. ^ "Fluminense está eliminado da Libertadores". Bagarai.com (in Portuguese). Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  27. ^ Danilo Lavieri, Danilo; Rodrigues, Renan (11 November 2012). "Fluminense vence com gols de Fred, vira tetra brasileiro e deixa Palmeiras a um jogo da queda". UOL Esportes (in Portuguese). Presidente Prudente. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  28. ^ "Fluminense crowned champions". Goal.com. 12 November 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  29. ^ "RECORDS OF FLUMINENSE IN MAJOR COMPETITIONS" (in Portuguese). Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  30. ^ "OS MAIORES PÚBLICOS DO FLUMINENSE FOOTBALL CLUB NA HISTÓRIA (ACIMA DE 90.000):". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  31. ^ "Perfil dos torcedores do Rio". Jornal O Globo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 7 June 2009.
  32. ^ "Brazilian Clubs with Most Fans". RSSSF Brazil. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
  33. ^ "Contagem da População 2007" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 21 December 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  34. ^ "Best attendances in matches of Fluminense". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  35. ^ "Best Attendances in Brazil" (in Portuguese). Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  36. ^ "Brasil está em débito com Cartola". O Estado de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). 27 December 2000. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  37. ^ Hunt, Jemima (18 July 2004). "The lionised king of Rio". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  38. ^ "Tricolor Skylab se desespera com show na mesma hora da final em Quito". globoesporte.com (in Portuguese). 25 June 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  39. ^ "MST e Fluminense presentes na última homenagem a Mário Lago". Jornal do Brasil Online (in Portuguese). 31 May 2002. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  40. ^ a b Motta, Nelson; Gueiros, Pedro (2004). Fluminense: a breve e gloriosa história de uma máquina de jogar bola (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Geração Editorial. pp. 1–9. ISBN 978-85-00-01574-8. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  41. ^ "Fluminense homenageia grandes torcedores". Terra (in Portuguese). 17 December 2001. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  42. ^ "Fernanda Montenegro leva os netos ao Engenhão". Extra (in Portuguese). 11 December 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  43. ^ Livro “Fla-Flu... E as Multidões Despertaram”, de Nélson Rodrigues e Mário Filho (Edição Europa, 1987).
  44. ^ "Estatísticas Fluminense". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  45. ^ "Elenco". Fluminense's official professional roster. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
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