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- Ramifications
- Ramifications


Possible citations: <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Wiemer|first=S.|last2=Agostinetti|first2=N. Piana|last3=Kissling|first3=E.|last4=Bianchi|first4=I.|last5=Spada|first5=M.|date=2013-08-01|title=Combining controlled-source seismology and receiver function information to derive 3-D Moho topography for Italy|url=https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/194/2/1050/600668|journal=Geophysical Journal International|language=en|volume=194|issue=2|pages=1050–1068|doi=10.1093/gji/ggt148|issn=0956-540X}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Yamauchi|first=Makiko|last2=Hirahara|first2=Kazuro|last3=Shibutani|first3=Takuo|date=2003-01-01|title=High resolution receiver function imaging of the seismic velocity discontinuities in the crust and the uppermost mantle beneath southwest Japan|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352463|journal=Earth, Planets and Space|volume=55|pages=BF03352463|doi=10.1186/BF03352463|issn=1880-5981}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eagar|first=Kevin C.|last2=Fouch|first2=Matthew J.|last3=James|first3=David E.|date=2010-08-15|title=Receiver function imaging of upper mantle complexity beneath the Pacific Northwest, United States|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X10003894|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|volume=297|issue=1|pages=141–153|doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.015|issn=0012-821X}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Langston|first=Charles A.|last2=Burdick|first2=L. J.|date=1977-06-01|title=Modeling crustal structure through the use of converted phases in teleseismic body-wave forms|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-abstract/67/3/677/117706/modeling-crustal-structure-through-the-use-of|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|language=en|volume=67|issue=3|pages=677–691|issn=0037-1106}}</ref>(potentially use figures from these papers){{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}}
Possible citations: <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Wiemer|first=S.|last2=Agostinetti|first2=N. Piana|last3=Kissling|first3=E.|last4=Bianchi|first4=I.|last5=Spada|first5=M.|date=2013-08-01|title=Combining controlled-source seismology and receiver function information to derive 3-D Moho topography for Italy|url=https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/194/2/1050/600668|journal=Geophysical Journal International|language=en|volume=194|issue=2|pages=1050–1068|doi=10.1093/gji/ggt148|issn=0956-540X}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Yamauchi|first=Makiko|last2=Hirahara|first2=Kazuro|last3=Shibutani|first3=Takuo|date=2003-01-01|title=High resolution receiver function imaging of the seismic velocity discontinuities in the crust and the uppermost mantle beneath southwest Japan|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352463|journal=Earth, Planets and Space|volume=55|pages=BF03352463|doi=10.1186/BF03352463|issn=1880-5981}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eagar|first=Kevin C.|last2=Fouch|first2=Matthew J.|last3=James|first3=David E.|date=2010-08-15|title=Receiver function imaging of upper mantle complexity beneath the Pacific Northwest, United States|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X10003894|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|volume=297|issue=1|pages=141–153|doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.015|issn=0012-821X}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Langston|first=Charles A.|last2=Burdick|first2=L. J.|date=1977-06-01|title=Modeling crustal structure through the use of converted phases in teleseismic body-wave forms|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-abstract/67/3/677/117706/modeling-crustal-structure-through-the-use-of|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|language=en|volume=67|issue=3|pages=677–691|issn=0037-1106}}</ref>(potentially use figures from these papers){{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}}




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* Moho (crust // mantle boundary) is primary / most useful boundary bc big composition differences = big seismic wave behavior differences<ref name=":0" />
* Moho (crust // mantle boundary) is primary / most useful boundary bc big composition differences = big seismic wave behavior differences<ref name=":0" />
*high level: comes from P waves: combining graph of horizontal motion of wave with vertical motion of wave to detect S phases
*At Moho, P waves convert to S waves
**key observation is that these waves produce additional waves that reflect between crust and moho
**can use these additional waves together in one model to create more accurate picture of moho
*All these waveforms are converted to a "synthetic seismogram" using the following equation (insert equation)<ref name=":2" />
*
*
*
*

Revision as of 04:50, 11 February 2019

Article to improve: Receiver function.

Some things to discuss:

- Method (explain equation and how it works)

- Applications

- Ramifications

Possible citations: [1][2][3] [4](potentially use figures from these papers)


Receiver function

A receiver function technique is a way to model the boundary layers and structure of the Earth by using the information from teleseismic earthquakes recorded at a three component seismograph.

A teleseismic P-wave will generate P to S conversions at boundaries, such as the Moho (crust-mantle boundary), beneath the seismograph. The difference in travel time between the generated S-wave and P-wave contains information about the distance to the boundary and if further reverberations are included more detailed structure can be resolved. This is done by deconvolution of the incoming vertical and longitudinal components of the seismogram which removes the common part of the components - namely, the source and travel path information. The resulting waveform is the receiver function.

Similarly, a teleseismic S-wave will generate an S to P conversion beneath the seismic station.

Method

blah blah blah

  • Moho (crust // mantle boundary) is primary / most useful boundary bc big composition differences = big seismic wave behavior differences[1]
  • high level: comes from P waves: combining graph of horizontal motion of wave with vertical motion of wave to detect S phases
  • At Moho, P waves convert to S waves
    • key observation is that these waves produce additional waves that reflect between crust and moho
    • can use these additional waves together in one model to create more accurate picture of moho
  • All these waveforms are converted to a "synthetic seismogram" using the following equation (insert equation)[4]

Applications

blah blah blah

  • Obtain 3D view of seismic velocities in crust + mantle "crustal models"
    • Useful into to support other seismological studies
  • Can be used to get info from naturally occurring earthquakes as opposed to active experiments where seismic waves are triggered
    • Also provides higher resolution results than active experiments
    • Provides a 3D picture rather than cross-sections like CSS (controlled source seismology)[1]
  • Example: find depressions in the moho below mountains
  • Understanding more about earthquakes (which can cause disasters)[2]

References

  • C. A. Langston: Structure under Mount Rainier, Washington, inferred from teleseismic body waves, J. Geophys. Res. 84(B9), 4749–4762, 1979.
  • Charles J. Ammon, George E. Randall, and George Zandt: On the Nonuniqueness of Receiver Function Inversions, Journal of Geophysical Research 95(B10), 15303–15318, 1990.
  • Frederiksen, A. W., and M. G. Bostock: Modelling teleseismic waves in dipping anisotropic structures, Geophysical Journal International 141, 401–412, 2000.
  • Vinnik, L. P. (1977), Detection of waves converted from P to SV in the mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 15(1), 39-45.
  1. ^ a b c Wiemer, S.; Agostinetti, N. Piana; Kissling, E.; Bianchi, I.; Spada, M. (2013-08-01). "Combining controlled-source seismology and receiver function information to derive 3-D Moho topography for Italy". Geophysical Journal International. 194 (2): 1050–1068. doi:10.1093/gji/ggt148. ISSN 0956-540X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  2. ^ a b Yamauchi, Makiko; Hirahara, Kazuro; Shibutani, Takuo (2003-01-01). "High resolution receiver function imaging of the seismic velocity discontinuities in the crust and the uppermost mantle beneath southwest Japan". Earth, Planets and Space. 55: BF03352463. doi:10.1186/BF03352463. ISSN 1880-5981.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ Eagar, Kevin C.; Fouch, Matthew J.; James, David E. (2010-08-15). "Receiver function imaging of upper mantle complexity beneath the Pacific Northwest, United States". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 297 (1): 141–153. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.015. ISSN 0012-821X.
  4. ^ a b Langston, Charles A.; Burdick, L. J. (1977-06-01). "Modeling crustal structure through the use of converted phases in teleseismic body-wave forms". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 67 (3): 677–691. ISSN 0037-1106.
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