Überfremdung: Difference between revisions
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The German term has had several meanings over the years, all of which have reflected the sense of "too foreign" and "threatening", and are generally negative. |
The German term has had several meanings over the years, all of which have reflected the sense of "too foreign" and "threatening", and are generally negative. |
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Successive editions of the [[Duden]] dictionary illustrate how the meaning has changed since the term was first used in 1929, then meaning "taking on too much foreign money" (especially loans made from 1924-1929 to rebuild Germany, following the [[First World War]]). In 1934 (one year after the [[NSDAP]] came to power in Germany), the meaning changed to "immigration/imposition of [[foreign races]]", and in 1941 it became "immigration/imposition of foreign peoples". Following the [[Second World War]], the 1951/1952 version of the Duden returned to the strictly economic definition. In 1961, the term "foreigner" came to replace "foreign races" or "foreign peoples". In 1986, the term was no longer used in economics. Since 1991, primarily the verb "überfremden" has been in use, and one could speak of a country being ''überfremdet'' ( |
Successive editions of the [[Duden]] dictionary illustrate how the meaning has changed since the term was first used in 1929, then meaning "taking on too much foreign money" (especially loans made from 1924-1929 to rebuild Germany, following the [[First World War]]). In 1934 (one year after the [[NSDAP]] came to power in Germany), the meaning changed to "immigration/imposition of [[foreign races]]", and in 1941 it became "immigration/imposition of foreign peoples". Following the [[Second World War]], the 1951/1952 version of the Duden returned to the strictly economic definition. In 1961, the term "foreigner" came to replace "foreign races" or "foreign peoples". In 1986, the term was no longer used in economics. Since 1991, primarily the verb "überfremden" has been in use, and one could speak of a country being ''überfremdet'' ({{Language with name/for||German|'over-foreignized'}}). |
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In 1993, the [[Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache|Society for the German Language |
In 1993, the [[Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache]] ({{Language with name/for||German|'Society for the German Language'|links=no}}) declared "Überfremdung" to be the [[Unwort des Jahres]] ({{Language with name/for||German|'Un-Word of the Year'|links=no}}), as it makes "undifferentiated xenophobia" sound more argumentative and clinical.<ref>''[http://einestages.spiegel.de/external/ShowTopicAlbumBackground/a23795/l20/l0/F.html#featuredEntry Ein Jahr, ein (Un-)Wort!]'' on [[Spiegel Online]] (in German).</ref> |
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Linguists, philologists, political scientists and social scientists criticise the concept for its vagueness, its use under national socialism, and its continuing negative connotation. |
Linguists, philologists, political scientists and social scientists criticise the concept for its vagueness, its use under national socialism, and its continuing negative connotation. |
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The word is related to terms in various languages: "[[foreign infiltration]]", "[[foreign penetration]]", French |
The word is related to terms in various languages: "[[foreign infiltration]]", "[[foreign penetration]]", French "{{ill|surpopulation étrangère|fr}}", "{{ill|déculturation|fr}}", "{{ill|envahissement par des étrangers|fr}}", Spanish "{{ill|extranjerización|es}}", Italian "{{ill|infiltrazione straniera|it}}", and "{{ill|הסתננות מאפריקה לישראל|he}}" ({{Language with name/for||Hebrew|'[[infiltration from Africa to Israel]]'}}), which have all been used at various times to rally xenophobic sentiment. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 20:22, 3 March 2019
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Überfremdung (pronounced [ˌyːbɐˈfʁɛmdʊŋ]), literally "over-foreignization", is a German-language term used in politics to suggest an excess of immigration. The word is compounded from über meaning "over" or "overly" and fremd meaning "foreign".
Political uses
The German term has had several meanings over the years, all of which have reflected the sense of "too foreign" and "threatening", and are generally negative.
Successive editions of the Duden dictionary illustrate how the meaning has changed since the term was first used in 1929, then meaning "taking on too much foreign money" (especially loans made from 1924-1929 to rebuild Germany, following the First World War). In 1934 (one year after the NSDAP came to power in Germany), the meaning changed to "immigration/imposition of foreign races", and in 1941 it became "immigration/imposition of foreign peoples". Following the Second World War, the 1951/1952 version of the Duden returned to the strictly economic definition. In 1961, the term "foreigner" came to replace "foreign races" or "foreign peoples". In 1986, the term was no longer used in economics. Since 1991, primarily the verb "überfremden" has been in use, and one could speak of a country being überfremdet (Error: {{language with name/for}}: missing language tag or language name (help)).
In 1993, the Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache (Error: {{language with name/for}}: missing language tag or language name (help)) declared "Überfremdung" to be the Unwort des Jahres (Error: {{language with name/for}}: missing language tag or language name (help)), as it makes "undifferentiated xenophobia" sound more argumentative and clinical.[1]
Linguists, philologists, political scientists and social scientists criticise the concept for its vagueness, its use under national socialism, and its continuing negative connotation.
The word is related to terms in various languages: "foreign infiltration", "foreign penetration", French "surpopulation étrangère", "déculturation", "envahissement par des étrangers", Spanish "extranjerización", Italian "infiltrazione straniera", and "הסתננות מאפריקה לישראל" (Error: {{language with name/for}}: missing language tag or language name (help)), which have all been used at various times to rally xenophobic sentiment.
See also
- Xenophobia
- Aporophobia
- Nativism
- LTI - Lingua Tertii Imperii
- James Schwarzenbach
- Illegal immigration from Africa to Israel
References
- ^ Ein Jahr, ein (Un-)Wort! on Spiegel Online (in German).
