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Flamborough Head Lighthouse: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 54°6′58.7″N 0°4′57.6″W / 54.116306°N 0.082667°W / 54.116306; -0.082667
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==The current lighthouse==
==The current lighthouse==
[[File:(Flamborough, lighthouse, Yorkshire, England) (LOC) (16616663219).jpg|thumb|left|upright|The lighthouse c.1890-1900]]
[[File:(Flamborough, lighthouse, Yorkshire, England) (LOC) (16616663219).jpg|thumb|left|upright|The lighthouse {{circa|1890–1900}}]]
The present lighthouse, designed by Samuel Wyatt and costing £8,000 to build, was first lit on 1 December 1806. It had a distinctive [[light characteristic]] of two white flashes followed by a red flash. This was provided by the lighting apparatus, which was designed by optics specialist George Robinson, who was also Chief Inspector of Lighthouses at Trinity House.<ref name="USLHSlens" /> It consisted of a revolving vertical shaft with a three-sided frame on which were mounted 21 argand lamps, 7 on each side, with [[parabolic reflectors]]. On one of the three sides the reflectors were covered with red glass: this was the first use of red glass in a lighthouse and represented the first use of the colour as part of a light characteristic;<ref name="USLHSlens">{{cite web |last1=Tag |first1=Thomas |title=Lens Use Prior to Fresnel |url=https://uslhs.org/lens-use-prior-fresnel |website=United States Lighthouse Society |accessdate=3 March 2019}}</ref> the idea was soon taken up elsewhere. According to a description of the lighthouse written in 1818, the red light was used to distinguish Flamborough's lighthouse from the one at [[Cromer Lighthouse|Cromer]].
The present lighthouse, designed by Samuel Wyatt and costing £8,000 to build, was first lit on 1 December 1806. It had a distinctive [[light characteristic]] of two white flashes followed by a red flash. This was provided by the lighting apparatus, which was designed by optics specialist George Robinson, who was also Chief Inspector of Lighthouses at Trinity House.<ref name="USLHSlens" /> It consisted of a revolving vertical shaft with a three-sided frame on which were mounted 21 argand lamps, 7 on each side, with [[parabolic reflectors]]. On one of the three sides the reflectors were covered with red glass: this was the first use of red glass in a lighthouse and represented the first use of the colour as part of a light characteristic;<ref name="USLHSlens">{{cite web |last1=Tag |first1=Thomas |title=Lens Use Prior to Fresnel |url=https://uslhs.org/lens-use-prior-fresnel |website=United States Lighthouse Society |accessdate=3 March 2019}}</ref> the idea was soon taken up elsewhere. According to a description of the lighthouse written in 1818, the red light was used to distinguish Flamborough's lighthouse from the one at [[Cromer Lighthouse|Cromer]].


[[File:Flamborough Lighthouse IMG 1815 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The expanded lantern containing the lens.]]
[[File:Flamborough Lighthouse IMG 1815 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The expanded lantern containing the lens]]
In 1925 the lantern was made taller, to accommodate a new 15-foot lens.<ref name="VisitHEY">{{cite web |title=Flamborough Lighthouse at Flamborough Outer Headland |url=https://www.visithullandeastyorkshire.com/Bridlington-Flamborough-Lighthouse/details/?dms=3&venue=2172973 |website=Visit Hull and East Yorkshire |accessdate=4 March 2019}}</ref> The lens is a large (first-order) revolving [[catadioptric]] [[Fresnel lens|optic]] made up of four asymmetrical panels; it displays four white flashes every fifteen seconds. The light was converted from oil to electricity in 1940.
In 1925 the lantern was made taller, to accommodate a new 15-foot lens.<ref name="VisitHEY">{{cite web |title=Flamborough Lighthouse at Flamborough Outer Headland |url=https://www.visithullandeastyorkshire.com/Bridlington-Flamborough-Lighthouse/details/?dms=3&venue=2172973 |website=Visit Hull and East Yorkshire |accessdate=4 March 2019}}</ref> The lens is a large (first-order) revolving [[catadioptric]] [[Fresnel lens|optic]] made up of four asymmetrical panels; it displays four white flashes every fifteen seconds. The light was converted from oil to electricity in 1940.


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===Fog signal station===
===Fog signal station===
{{stack|[[File:Flamborough head Fog signal station.jpg|thumb|right|The fog signal station.]]}}
{{stack|[[File:Flamborough head Fog signal station.jpg|thumb|right|The fog signal station]]}}
In 1859 a Fog Signal station was built at a short distance from the lighthouse, close to the cliff edge. Initially an 18-pound gun was used as the [[fog signal]]<ref name = "Renton2001">{{cite book |last1=Renton |first1=Alan |title=Lost Sounds: The Story of Coast Fog Signals |date=2001 |publisher=Whittles |location=Caithness, Scotland}}</ref> (the cottage was built as accommodation for the gunners).<ref name="FbroPC">{{cite web |title=Flamborough's lighthouses |url=http://www.flamborough-pc.gov.uk/Data/Sites/12/media/documents/flamboroughslighthouses.pdf |website=Flamborough Parish Council |accessdate=4 March 2019}}</ref> In 1878, explosive rockets replaced the cannon, discharged every 5 minutes in foggy weather and reaching an altitude of {{convert|600|ft}}.<ref name="TH" /> By 1889 an engine house had been built to provide compressed air for a fog siren, which sounded through twin [[Horn (acoustic)|horns]] mounted on the roof.<ref>[https://www.alamy.com/fog-siren-and-lighthouse-flamborough-head-image66154540.html Photograph c.1910]</ref> This was later replaced by a [[diaphone]] system, itself superseded by the current electric fog signal in 1975.
In 1859 a Fog Signal station was built at a short distance from the lighthouse, close to the cliff edge. Initially an 18-pound gun was used as the [[fog signal]]<ref name = "Renton2001">{{cite book |last1=Renton |first1=Alan |title=Lost Sounds: The Story of Coast Fog Signals |date=2001 |publisher=Whittles |location=Caithness, Scotland}}</ref> (the cottage was built as accommodation for the gunners).<ref name="FbroPC">{{cite web |title=Flamborough's lighthouses |url=http://www.flamborough-pc.gov.uk/Data/Sites/12/media/documents/flamboroughslighthouses.pdf |website=Flamborough Parish Council |accessdate=4 March 2019}}</ref> In 1878, explosive rockets replaced the cannon, discharged every 5 minutes in foggy weather and reaching an altitude of {{convert|600|ft}}.<ref name="TH" /> By 1889 an engine house had been built to provide compressed air for a fog siren, which sounded through twin [[Horn (acoustic)|horns]] mounted on the roof.<ref>[https://www.alamy.com/fog-siren-and-lighthouse-flamborough-head-image66154540.html Photograph c.1910]</ref> This was later replaced by a [[diaphone]] system, itself superseded by the current electric fog signal in 1975.


Revision as of 12:33, 4 March 2019

Flamborough Head Lighthouse
Flamborough Head Lighthouse
Map
LocationFlamborough
East Riding of Yorkshire
England
OS gridTA2543270648
Coordinates54°6′58.7″N 0°4′57.6″W / 54.116306°N 0.082667°W / 54.116306; -0.082667
Tower
Constructed1669 (first, Chalk Tower)
Designed bySamuel Wyatt Edit this on Wikidata
Constructionbrick tower
Automated1996
Height26.5 metres (87 ft) (current)[1]
24 metres (79 ft) (first)
Shapecylindrical tower with double balcony and lantern (current)
octagonal tower (first)
Markingswhite tower and lantern (current)
white tower (first)
OperatorEast Riding of Yorkshire Council[2]
HeritageGrade II listed building, Grade II listed building Edit this on Wikidata
Fog signal2 blasts every 90s.
Light
First lit1806 (current)
Focal height65 metres (213 ft) [1]
Lensfirst order Fresnel lens Edit this on Wikidata
Intensity433,000 candela[1]
Range24 nmi (44 km; 28 mi)
CharacteristicFl (4) W 15s.

Flamborough Head Lighthouse is an active lighthouse located at Flamborough, East Riding of Yorkshire. England. Flamborough Head Lighthouse acts as a waypoint for passing deep sea vessels and coastal traffic, and marks Flamborough Head for vessels heading towards Scarborough and Bridlington.

The old lighthouse

The chalk tower near Flamborough Head

The first lighthouse, built by Sir John Clayton, was completed in 1674 and is one of the oldest surviving complete lighthouses in England. Built from chalk, it was never lit. This is now a Grade II* listed building.[3]

The current lighthouse

The lighthouse c. 1890–1900

The present lighthouse, designed by Samuel Wyatt and costing £8,000 to build, was first lit on 1 December 1806. It had a distinctive light characteristic of two white flashes followed by a red flash. This was provided by the lighting apparatus, which was designed by optics specialist George Robinson, who was also Chief Inspector of Lighthouses at Trinity House.[4] It consisted of a revolving vertical shaft with a three-sided frame on which were mounted 21 argand lamps, 7 on each side, with parabolic reflectors. On one of the three sides the reflectors were covered with red glass: this was the first use of red glass in a lighthouse and represented the first use of the colour as part of a light characteristic;[4] the idea was soon taken up elsewhere. According to a description of the lighthouse written in 1818, the red light was used to distinguish Flamborough's lighthouse from the one at Cromer.

The expanded lantern containing the lens

In 1925 the lantern was made taller, to accommodate a new 15-foot lens.[5] The lens is a large (first-order) revolving catadioptric optic made up of four asymmetrical panels; it displays four white flashes every fifteen seconds. The light was converted from oil to electricity in 1940.

Following automation, the last lighthouse keepers left on 8 May 1996.[1] The light remains in use. East Riding of Yorkshire Council, under licence from Trinity House, operate tours of the lighthouse seasonally.[6] This is now a Grade II listed building.[7]

Fog signal station

The fog signal station

In 1859 a Fog Signal station was built at a short distance from the lighthouse, close to the cliff edge. Initially an 18-pound gun was used as the fog signal[8] (the cottage was built as accommodation for the gunners).[9] In 1878, explosive rockets replaced the cannon, discharged every 5 minutes in foggy weather and reaching an altitude of 600 feet (180 m).[1] By 1889 an engine house had been built to provide compressed air for a fog siren, which sounded through twin horns mounted on the roof.[10] This was later replaced by a diaphone system, itself superseded by the current electric fog signal in 1975.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Flamborough Head Lighthouse". Trinity House. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  2. ^ "Flamborough Head". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  3. ^ Historic England. "The Old Lighthouse (1083400)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  4. ^ a b Tag, Thomas. "Lens Use Prior to Fresnel". United States Lighthouse Society. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  5. ^ "Flamborough Lighthouse at Flamborough Outer Headland". Visit Hull and East Yorkshire. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  6. ^ "Flamborough Head Lighthouse visitor centre". Trinity House. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  7. ^ Historic England. "The Lighthouse (1083399)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  8. ^ Renton, Alan (2001). Lost Sounds: The Story of Coast Fog Signals. Caithness, Scotland: Whittles.
  9. ^ "Flamborough's lighthouses" (PDF). Flamborough Parish Council. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  10. ^ Photograph c.1910
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