Orders of magnitude (molar concentration)

This page lists examples of the orders of magnitude of molar concentration. Source values are parenthesized where unit conversions were performed.

All orders

List of orders of magnitude for molar concentration

Factor (Molarity)	SI prefix	Value	Item
10−24	yM	1.66 yM	1 elementary entity per litre
		8.5 yM	airborne bacteria in the upper troposphere (5100/m3)
10−23
10−22
10−21	zM	3.6 zM	solar neutrinos on Earth (6.5×1010 /cm2⋅s)
10−20		12 zM	radon in ambient, outdoor air in the United States (0.4 pCi/L ≈ 7000/L)
10−19		120 zM	indoor radon at the EPA's "action level" (4 pCi/L ≈ 70000/L)
		686 zM	cosmic microwave background photons in outer space (413/cm3)
10−18	aM
10−17
10−16
10−15	fM	2 fM	bacteria in surface seawater (1×109/L)
10−14		20 fM	virions in surface layer North Atlantic seawater (10×109/L)
		50–100 fM	gold in seawater
10−13
10−12	pM	7.51–9.80 pM	normal range for erythrocytes in blood in an adult male ((4.52–5.90)×1012/L)
10−11		10–100 pM	gold in undersea hydrothermal fluids
10−10		170 pM	upper bound for healthy insulin when fasting
10−9	nM	5 nM	inhaled osmium tetroxide is immediately dangerous to life or health (1 mg Os/m3)
10−8
10−7		101 nM	hydronium and hydroxide ions in pure water at 25 °C (pKW = 13.99)
10−6	µM
10−5
10−4		180–480 µM	normal range for uric acid in blood
		570 µM	inhaled carbon monoxide induces unconsciousness in 2–3 breathes and death in < 3 min (12800 ppm)
10−3	mM	0.32–32 mM	normal range of hydronium ions in stomach acid (pH 1.5–3.5)
		5.5 mM	upper bound for healthy blood glucose when fasting
		7.8 mM	upper bound for healthy blood glucose 2 hours after eating
10−2	cM	20 mM	neutrinos during a supernova, 1 AU from the core (1058 over 10 s)
		44.6 mM	pure ideal gas at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa
10−1	dM	140 mM	sodium ions in blood plasma
		480 mM	sodium ions in seawater
100	M
101	daM	40 M	pure solid hydrogen (86 g/L)
		55.5 M	pure water at 3.984 °C, its maximum atmospheric value (0.9999720 g/cm3)
102	hM	118.8 M	pure osmium at 20 °C (22.587 g/cm3)
103	kM
104		24 kM	helium in the solar core (150 g/cm3 ⋅ 65%)
105
106	MM
107
108		122.2 MM	nuclei in a white dwarf from a 3 M☉ progenitor star (106.349 g/cm3)
109	GM
1010
1011
1012	TM
1013
1014
1015	PM
1016
1017		228 PM	nucleons in atomic nuclei (2.3×1017 kg/m3 = 1.37×1044/m3)
1018	EM
1077		3.9×1077 M	the Planck concentration (2.4×10104/m3), inverse of the Planck volume

SI multiples

SI multiples of molar (M)

Submultiples			Multiples
Value	SI symbol	Name	Value	SI symbol	Name
10−1 M	dM	decimolar	101 M	daM	decamolar
10−2 M	cM	centimolar	102 M	hM	hectomolar
10−3 M	mM	millimolar	103 M	kM	kilomolar
10−6 M	μM	micromolar	106 M	MM	megamolar
10−9 M	nM	nanomolar	109 M	GM	gigamolar
10−12 M	pM	picomolar	1012 M	TM	teramolar
10−15 M	fM	femtomolar	1015 M	PM	petamolar
10−18 M	aM	attomolar	1018 M	EM	examolar
10−21 M	zM	zeptomolar	1021 M	ZM	zettamolar
10−24 M	yM	yoctomolar	1024 M	YM	yottamolar
10−27 M	rM	rontomolar	1027 M	RM	ronnamolar
10−30 M	qM	quectomolar	1030 M	QM	quettamolar

See also

• Molarity
• Osmolarity
• Metric system
• Scientific notation