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Revision as of 14:42, 16 March 2019

Not to be confused with Governors State University.
Western Governors University
Online College Degrees at Western Governors University - WGU
Motto in English
"A New Kind of U."
TypePrivate, Non-profit
Established1997 (1997)
AffiliationGovernors of the Member States
ChairmanJim Geringer
PresidentScott D. Pulsipher[1]
ProvostMarni Baker Stein, Ph.D.[1]
FoundersMike Leavitt
Roy Romer[2]
Academic staff
3,423 Faculty[3]
Administrative staff
5,209 Employees[3]
Students91,436[3]
Undergraduates67,467
Postgraduates23,969
Location
Salt Lake City
,
Utah
,
USA

40°45′0″N 111°53′0″W / 40.75000°N 111.88333°W / 40.75000; -111.88333
CampusOnline
Type of educationCompetency-based
ColorsNavy and Gold
   
MascotSage the Night Owl
Websitewww.wgu.edu

Western Governors University (WGU) is a private, nonprofit, online university based in Salt Lake City, Utah. The university was founded by 19 U.S. governors in 1997 after the idea was formulated at a 1995 meeting of the Western Governors Association.[4] The university uses a competency-based learning model, with students working online. Scott D. Pulsipher is the current university president, having joined WGU on April 11, 2016; WGU's former president, Robert Mendenhall, is president emeritus and remains a member of WGU's Board of Trustees. WGU offers courses that are accredited by ACBSP, CAEP, CAHIIM, CCNE, NWCCU, and the NCATE.[5][6]

History

Mike Leavitt Co-Founder and former Governor of Utah
File:Roy Romer Colorado.jpg
Roy Romer Co-Founder and former Governor of Colorado

WGU was officially founded in 1997 in the United States by the governors of 19 U.S. states.[4] It was first proposed by then-governor of Utah Mike Leavitt at the annual meeting of the Western Governors Association in June 1995. It was formally proposed the following November, and in June 1996 each signing state governor committed $100,000 toward the launch of the new competency-based university. While the seed money was provided from government sources, the school was to be established as a self-supporting private, nonprofit institution. In January 1997, 13 governors were on hand to sign the articles of incorporation formally beginning the new university.

In 2001, the United States Department of Education awarded $10 million to found the Teachers College, and the first programs were offered in Information Technology. In 2003, the university became the first school to be accredited in four different regions by the Interregional Accrediting Committee. In 2006, the fourth college, the College of Health Professions, was founded, and the school's Teachers College became the first online teacher-preparation program to receive NCATE accreditation. In 2010, the first state-established offshoot, WGU Indiana, was founded by Mitch Daniels, governor of Indiana, and the school reached 20,000 students for the first time. In 2011, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $4.5 million for WGU Indiana and the creation of WGU Texas and WGU Washington.[7]

On January 8, 2013, Bill Haslam, governor of Tennessee, announced the creation of WGU Tennessee.[8] On January 28, 2013, Governor Jay Nixon of Missouri, in his annual State of the State address, announced the founding of WGU Missouri, creating the fifth state-based subsidiary of WGU.[9] And on June 16, 2015, Governor Brian Sandoval of Nevada launched WGU Nevada, the sixth state-based WGU. The subsidiaries of WGU share the same academic model, faculty, services, accreditation, tuition, and curricula as WGU and were established to give official state endorsement and increased name recognition to WGU in those states, as well as qualifying students of those affiliates for state-based aid. WGU does not maintain physical campuses for these institutions.

As of December 31, 2017, the university had 91,436 currently enrolled students,[10] and more than 100,000 people had graduated from the institution.[11]

The average age of a WGU student is 37.[12]

Presidents of WGU

# Picture Name Period
1 E. Jeffrey Livingston[13] 1997–1999
2 Robert Mendenhall 1999–2016
3 Scott Pulsipher 2016–present

Affiliates

Affiliates & Year Founded
WGU Indiana
2010 		WGU Washington
2011 		WGU Texas
2011 		WGU Missouri
2013 		WGU Tennessee
2013 		WGU Nevada
2015 		WGU North Carolina
2017 		WGU Ohio
2018

Several states have affiliated online schools. Though state funding in some instances was used for the creation, each school is self-supporting through tuition and donations and overseen by the WGU board along with a local state chancellor and advisory board. The online campuses WGU offshoots offer the same programs and curricula as the national WGU student body receives, and accreditation is through WGU.

WGU Indiana

Chancellor
Dr. Allison Barber[14]
See also: WGU Indiana

WGU Indiana is WGU's first satellite school, created on June 11, 2010, by executive order of then-governor Mitch Daniels. At its founding, Daniels stated "Today we mark the beginning of, in a real sense, Indiana's eighth state university".[15] With this partnership, WGU Indiana is approved for Indiana state grants and scholarships offered through the State Student Assistance Commission of Indiana (SSACI). Students graduating from Ivy Tech, the state's community college system, can take advantage of an articulation agreement which allows them to transfer all credits, waive the application fee, and receive a 5% discount on tuition. The school is based in Indianapolis. Dr. Allison Barber is the school's chancellor.[16]

WGU Washington

Chancellor
Dr. Tonya Drake[17]

WGU Washington was created in April 2011, with the passing of House Bill 1822.[18] It was signed into law by Governor Christine Gregoire. Former Washington State governor Mike Lowry was one of the founding governors of the university. A bill passed in April 2013 made students eligible for state grants like in-state schools.[19] A transfer agreement allows students who graduate from state community colleges to receive a 5% discount. The founding Washington Chancellor was former Bellevue College President Jean Floten.[20] Floten retired in 2017. Richard Cummins, Ph.D., who was President of Columbia Basin College, served as Chancellor for a year before retiring in April 2017. On April 26, 2018 Tonya Drake, Ph.D. became the Chancellor of WGU Washington.[21]

WGU Texas

Chancellor
Dr. Steven Johnson[22]

Governor Rick Perry of Texas founded WGU Texas in August 2011 with Executive Order RP 75.[23] Perry's predecessor George W. Bush was one of the founding governors of the university. The creation was supported by Rep. Dan Branch, Republican leader of the House Education Committee and Sen. Judith Zaffirini, Democratic Chair of the Senate Education Committee. It called for the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, Texas Education Agency and Texas Workforce Commission to help with its founding.[24] The state school will have an Advisory Board appointed by the governor and be based in Austin. Dr. Steven Johnson is the current Texas Chancellor.[22]

WGU Missouri

Chancellor
Dr. Angie Besendorfer[25]

Governor Jay Nixon first announced the creation of WGU Missouri in his annual State of the State address in January 2013.[9] He signed Executive Order 13-04 officially starting the new school.[26] He stated "(Missouri) has great opportunities for higher education, and I'm proud to say we've just added one more. WGU Missouri."[27] It was created using funds from Federal Community Development Block Grants and a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.[28] The school has an advisory board and its own local chancellor, Dr. Angela (Angie) Besendorfer. Students are eligible for state grants. It is based in Jefferson City.[29]

WGU Tennessee

Chancellor
Kim Estep, Ph.D.[30][31]

Governor Bill Haslam announced the creation of WGU Tennessee in January 2013. The initiative was part of his "Drive for 55" plan to bring the college graduation rate of the state up to 55%. The school was started with a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and $5 million in one-time state funds. Students are eligible for state financial aid. The school, based in Franklin, has a local chancellor, Kimberly K. Estep, Ph.D., and advisory board.[32][33]

WGU Nevada

Chancellor
Dr. Spencer Stewart[34]

Governor Brian Sandoval created WGU Nevada by proclamation and a memorandum of understanding with WGU, launching the sixth WGU online campus on June 16, 2015. It was created with a $2 million grant from United Student Aid Funds and required no startup funding from the state. At the time of the launch, WGU had more than 900 students and more than 850 alumni in Nevada.[35] Dr. Spencer Stewart was named chancellor of WGU Nevada.

WGU North Carolina

Chancellor
Catherine Truitt[36]

North Carolina Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest announced WGU North Carolina along with WGU President Scott Pulsipher, launching the seventh WGU online campus on October 5, 2017. The establishment of WGU North Carolina was authorized by the North Carolina General Assembly and the Governor in October 2015. The state appropriated $2 million and the University raised $5 million from committed contributions by Strada Education Network, Golden LEAF Foundation, and Dell Loy Hansen, a private donor. Catherine Truitt will lead WGU North Carolina.[37]

WGU Ohio

Chancellor
Dr. Rebecca Watts[38]

The Ohio General Assembly authorized the state of Ohio to partner with WGU, and the authorization was signed by Governor John Kasich on June 30, 2017.[39] WGU Ohio is the latest satellite school to open, created on June 21, 2018.[40] The agreement to start the satellite school was agreed upon by Scott Pulsipher the Western Governors University President and the Chancellor of the University System of Ohio John Carey.

WGU Ohio's Chancellor is Dr. Rebecca Watts who previously served as an academic administrator with the University of Wyoming and an associate vice chancellor with the Ohio Department of Higher Education.[41]

Governance

Flag in downtown Salt Lake City, Utah celebrating WGU's 15th anniversary

WGU is governed by its Board of Trustees and numerous state governors.[42] The Board of Trustees provides corporate governance over the university. The Board of Trustees sets policy for the university, and serves as WGU's legal owner and final authority. Overall the Board of Trustees hold the institution's resources in trust and are responsible for making sure that the resources are being used efficiently and effectively.[43]

Board of Trustees Composition

Governors of member states as of 2018

Academics

WGU online degree offerings as of 2018
Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees
College of Business[44] 6 options 6 options
Teachers College[45] 9 options 19 options
College of Information Technology[46] 8 options 3 options
College of Health Professions[47] 4 options 7 options

All students at WGU are assigned a working mentor who are members of the faculty, and together they create a personalized Academic Action Plan (AAP) for the student's degree plan.[48] The mentor advises and assists the student from enrollment through degree completion. The student's personalized AAP is based on the courses that are agreed upon between the student and their assigned mentor.[49] The AAP keeps track of the student's progress of courses completed through six month terms. Students at WGU have some control over how much coursework they complete per term, but are required to complete a minimum amount of courses each term to maintain full-time status.[50] Terms consist of six-month "rolling" semesters, which start for individual students on the first of every month. Classes are assigned individual terms lasting six weeks but students may proceed at their own pace. Many classes have "cohorts", or students working in the same general time frame, to facilitate online meetings and discussions, though students in any given cohort progress to the next course as soon as they are able to prove their knowledge. Course mentors provide both group and individual instruction as well as moderating online discussions.

WGU is composed of four colleges, each offering bachelor's and master's degree programs. As of October 2014, 55 bachelor's, master's, and post-baccalaureate degree programs, as well as teacher endorsement preparation programs, were offered among the four colleges.[51]

Military Advanced Education & Transition and Viqtory Media have repeatedly named WGU as a military-friendly institution in their yearly reports.[52][53][54]

Colleges

WGU offers online bachelor's and master's degree programs through the following colleges:[51]

WGU Colleges
College Year Founded Current Dean Total Students
College of Business 1999 Rashmi Prasad[55] 33,572[3]
College of Information Technology 1999 Elke Leeds, Ph.D.[56] 13,272[3]
Teachers College 2003 Dr. Deborah Eldridge[57] 20,016[3]
College of Health Professions 2006 Jan Jones-Schenk, DHSc, RN[58] 24,576[3]

U.S. News & World Report
Western Regional Universities[59]

Most Innovative Schools 10

Rankings

WGU is listed as "Unranked" in the category "Regional University - West" in US News and World Report's 2019 rankings of colleges and universities. In the category, "Most Innovative Schools", WGU was tied for 10th among western regional universities.[60]

In 2015, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ) rated WGU's secondary teaching program scored highest in best value in teacher education[61] and the National League for Nursing named WGU's College of Health Professions a Center of Excellence.[62] In 2014, US News and World Report, in its academic rankings of teacher education programs in conjunction with NCTQ, ranked WGU #1 in the nation for secondary teacher education among both online and traditional universities.[63][64] In 2013, WGU was named one of the 50 most innovative companies in Fast Company's Most Innovative Companies Issue, ranking #28.[65] In recent years, WGU has been the nation's top producer, in terms of numbers of licensure graduates, of science and math teachers.[66] WGU has also received the 21st Century Award for Best Practices in Distance Learning from the United States Distance Learning Association on multiple occasions.[5]

WGU's Center for Applied
Learning Science (CALS)
FormationJuly 19, 2018
Location
  • 4001 South 700 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84107
Executive Director
Jason Levin
WebsiteCALS Homepage

Research

In July 2018, WGU launched the Center for Applied Learning Science (CALS) which is a laboratory which focuses on innovation.[67] Jason Levin is currently serving as the Executive Director.[68]

In October 2018, Carnegie Mellon University and WGU's CALS teamed up to work on an artificial intelligence professional development project. The partnership was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation.[69][70]

Methodology

See also: Competency-based learning

WGU has competency-based programs for completing degree and certificate requirements. Competency-based programs allow students to demonstrate through assessments that they have acquired the set of competencies (levels of knowledge, skill, or ability) required for a particular degree or certificate. WGU is the first accredited school to use the competency-based approach. Former United States Department of Education Secretary Arne Duncan has stated, "While such programs [like WGU] are now the exception, I want them to be the norm."[71]

All aspects of learning (with the exception of demonstration teaching for teacher licensure programs and clinical experiences in the pre-licensure program for nurses) are completed entirely online. The university states that "learning resources come in a variety of forms, including textbooks, web-based tutorials, simulations, [and] online classes."[72] The university doesn't develop its own courses, but instead licenses course modules from commercial providers such as Pearson and McGraw-Hill.[73]

Assessments

The university assesses students using performance-based and objective assessments.

Performance-based assessments are normally completed by submitting written assignments. Submissions are checked for academic integrity using the online plagiarism checker Unicheck by comparing them to a database of other documents submitted to WGU and other universities and other resources available online. Students are graded on their level of competency by comparing the submitted work to a rubric which describes the standards that the submitted work must meet.[74] A student can only pass a performance-based assessment by achieving a "competent" score on each rubric point.

Objective assessments usually consist of exams created by the university which contain multiple-choice, multiple-answer, true-false and/or matching questions.[75] Exams are taken online and are monitored by an online proctoring service such as ProctorU or Examity using a university-provided webcam and screen sharing software. Some objective assessments require students to obtain a professional certification, many of which require students to attend a commercial testing center such as Pearson Vue to complete the relevant exam(s). University-created exams can only be passed by achieving a minimum overall grade that demonstrates competency in the course,[76] while professional certification exams have their own grading methodology and passing score set by their governing body.

There are no open-book or unproctored exams.[75]

Admissions

WGU has a multi-step admissions process. Admissions requirements differ depending on which academic program the student chooses to attend. Many programs require either an Associate degree from an accredited college or a specific amount of related, verifiable work experience in the field in which a student wishes to study. The school does not require SAT or ACT scores for admission. Undergraduate programs require the student to possess a high school diploma or GED and pass the school's Collegiate Readiness Assessment, and admission into all programs requires an interview with a WGU enrollment counselor to determine whether the competency-based approach is appropriate for the student.[77]

Graduation rate

The U.S. Department of Education lists the graduation rate at WGU as 26%. This rate tracks the graduation of first-time, full-time college students,[78] which is less than 1% of all WGU students.[79] The internally-tracked graduation rate for all students as reported by the university is 50%.[80]

Ethnic composition of student body[81]
Student Body[81] U.S. Census[82]
African American 11.8% 13.3%
Asian American 4.5% 5.7%
Hispanic American
(of any race) 		6.3% 17.8%
Unknown 3.1% N/A
Two or more races 2.6% 2.6%
Native American 0.6% 0.2%
Non-Hispanic White 70.6% 61.3%

Student demographics

Western Governors University adult students include the military, civilian federal and state employees, working adults pursuing first or second degrees, and students taking additional coursework in preparation for graduate school. WGU students are 63% female, 37% male and an average age of 37.[81][83]

University governance

As a private, nonprofit university, WGU is governed by a board of trustees that consists of state governors, educators, and business and industry leaders. In addition, the university's National Advisory Board consists of leaders from private corporations and foundations which support the university. Current members include Google, Microsoft, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and AT&T among many others. Each state-affiliate school also has a local Chancellor and Advisory board from within the state.[42] Course competencies are defined with input from third-party councils made up of business, academic, and industry leaders, who guide the university in determining what a successful graduate in any given degree program must know to be a valuable employee.

The university has no physical campus and does not participate in intercollegiate sports.[4]

Faculty

WGU's disaggregated faculty consists of program mentors (faculty members who advise and guide a student throughout his or her entire degree program), course instructors (subject-matter experts who advise, tutor, and guide students through specific courses), program faculty (who oversee course content), and evaluation faculty (who evaluate/grade assignments). The university has more than 2,000 faculty members, most of whom work full-time (the exception being part-time assessment evaluators).[84]

According to the Us Department of Education's College Navigator, WGU's student to faculty ratio is 41:1.[85]

Academic integrity

Some Western Governors University courses require students to take exams with an online proctor viewing the student as they complete the examination.[86] Online proctoring is the monitoring or invigilation of assessments taken remotely. Online proctors verify test-taker identity and monitor to prevent cheating using a variety of methods, including live, record-and-review, and automated proctoring. Online proctoring services for WGU offers identity verification services and assessment monitoring.[87]

Some of the courses require assignments to be completed using the Taskstream software package and the Turnitin service to check assignments for plagiarism.[88][89]

Career placement

The WGU Career and Professional Development Center offers student resources, individual support, and a job board. Its mission is to assist students and alumni who are seeking career development, career experiences, and employment opportunities.[90] These services involve assisting students and alumni to get job interviews, career planning, assistance in applying to graduate and professional schools, and internship placements. The Career and Professional Development Center offers workshops, information sessions, virtual career fairs, and advisement on future career options. Staff also counsel students and alumni regarding resumes and portfolios, interviewing tactics, cover letters, job strategies, and other potential leads for finding employment in the corporate, academic and government sectors.[91][92]

Mascot

Sage the Night Owl is the official mascot of Western Governors University. The Night Owl has been the WGU mascot since 2011. [93][94]

Accreditation

Western Governors University Administration Building in May 2013
Western Governors University Commencement Ceremony in 2013

WGU is regionally accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.[95] WGU says it was the first and only university to date to be reviewed and awarded accreditation by four differing regional accreditors.[5]

In 2006, the WGU Teachers College became the first exclusively online school to receive accreditation from the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE).[96]

In May 2009, WGU's nursing education programs were accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). The initial accreditation, which had a five-year term, was awarded following a process that included a site visit as well as a review of WGU's nursing curriculum.[97] In May 2014, CCNE extended WGU's accreditation through June 2024. "Western Governors University Earns CCNE Accreditation for Another 10 Years".

In 2011, WGU's B.S. in Health Informatics degree received accreditation from the Commission on Accreditation for Health Informatics and Information Management Education (CAHIIM).

In 2018, the WGU College of Business was accredited by the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP).[98][99]

In 2018, the WGU Teachers College become accredited by the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP).[100]

2017 U.S. Department of Education audit

In January 2019, the U.S. Department of Education's Federal Student Aid (FSA) office issued their final audit determining that WGU was indeed eligible to participate in federal student aid.[101] In making its final determination, FSA reviewed the Department’s Office of Inspector General’s (OIG) report, examined WGU’s records regarding interactions between students and academic staff during the year audited, and also reviewed the favorable findings of WGU’s accrediting agency regarding the institution’s academic model. FSA determined that, particularly in light of a lack of clear guidance from the Department at the time of the audit period, WGU’s efforts to comply with the governing law and regulations were reasonable and undertaken in good faith. OIG ultimately agreed with FSA’s issuance of the final audit determination.[102]

An audit by the Department of Education's Office of Inspector General, released on September 21, 2017, "concluded that Western Governors University did not comply with the institutional eligibility requirement that limits the percentage of regular students who may enroll in correspondence courses" and that "at least 69 of the 102 courses were not designed to offer regular and substantive interaction with an instructor and, therefore, did not meet the regulatory definition of distance education." Consequently, the audit found that most courses at the University fell short of the required standards for Title IV of the Federal Financial Aid Act as outlined in a 1992 law that defines financial aid eligibility.[103][104] The U.S. Department of Education's Office of Inspector General recommended that WGU repay the federal government more than $712 million.[105]

Liz Hill, a spokeswoman for the Department of Education, said in a statement to the Salt Lake Tribune that they were reviewing the Inspector General's report, while also saying "the innovative student-first model used by this school and others like it has garnered bipartisan support over the last decade."[106]

In a response from WGU that was enclosed with the final audit report, WGU President Scott D. Pulsipher said "The findings in the OIG's report are based on misinterpretation and misapplication of statutory and regulatory guidance." He said "The OIG has applied an arbitrary definition and antiquated interpretation of instruction and faculty roles" that "is not aligned with law nor consistent with today's online- and technology-enabled model".[103]

Paul Fain, the news editor for Inside Higher Ed, said the "much anticipated high-stakes audit" had begun more than four years earlier and the findings were "not a surprise to most observers", due to their reliance on a 1992 law that defines aid eligibility for distance education programs.[104] He noted that the Inspector General had previously criticized accreditation assessments for competency-based education programs in 2015, partly due to concerns about the amount of interaction between faculty and students.[107] He reported that "Experts said the Trump administration is unlikely to follow through on the inspector general's recommendations, which the department can reject," and that "WGU enjoys a good track record with its accreditor and broad bipartisan support in Washington, with the Obama administration having often praised the university as an innovator."[104]

Tuition

As of 2019, tuition for WGU is $3,225 per six-month term for most undergraduate programs.[108] Tuition is charged at a flat rate per six-month term, regardless of the number of courses taken or credits completed.

Alumni Association

Main article: List of Western Governors University people

The Western Governors University Alumni Association is the official alumni association for Western Governors University. This organization runs a number of programs.[109][failed verification] As of January 2018, there were over 98,000 total alumni for Western Governors University.[10] Western Governors University alumni can be found in all 50 states and many countries all over the world.[3] In addition, over 350 are serving in the United States Armed Forces.[3]

See also

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References

  1. ^ a b "WGU's Academic Leadership". WGU official website. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  2. ^ "Articles of Incorporation of the Western Governors University". WGU official website. January 15, 1997. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "WGU 2017 Annual Report" (PDF). WGU official website. 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  4. ^ a b c "Our Story". WGU official website. January 13, 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  5. ^ a b c "Accreditation & Recognition". WGU official website. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  6. ^ "WGU's Business Programs Now Accredited by the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs". Keyc.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-11. Retrieved 16 May 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "WGU Timeline". WGU official website. 23 August 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  8. ^ "Office of the Governor 404 Page". Tennessee Office of the Governor. Archived from the original on 2015-01-12. Retrieved December 19, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ a b "Governor Nixon Announces His Intent to Establish WGU Missouri". WGU official website. February 12, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  10. ^ a b "Students & Alumni". WGU official website. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  11. ^ "100,000 graduates in 21 years". WGU official website. January 26, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  12. ^ Mogan Edwards, Mary (April 3, 2017). "Kasich pushes to add Utah online college to state system". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  13. ^ http://horizon.unc.edu/projects/OTH/6-4.html
  14. ^ "Dr. Allison Barber To Serve As New Red Cross State Volunteer Leader". WBIW. March 1, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  15. ^ "Gov. Daniels Announces New University (WGU press release)". WGU official website. June 11, 2010. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  16. ^ "About WGU Indiana". WGU official website. November 5, 2008. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  17. ^ "Dr. Tonya Drake". The Seattle Times. October 21, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  18. ^ "House Bill 1822". WGU official website. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  19. ^ Graham, Claire (April 18, 2013). "Washington Online University Aims for State Financial Aid". KNDO. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  20. ^ "Western Governors University makes good call with Floten". The Seattle Times. May 31, 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  21. ^ Article about Dr. Tonya Drake's appointment
  22. ^ a b Haurwitz, Ralph K. M. (September 18, 2017). "Western Governors University names new Texas chancellor". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  23. ^ "Texas getting branch of online university". Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2013-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ Hamilton, Reeve (August 3, 2011). "Perry Announces Creation of Online Texas University". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  25. ^ "Author Profile: Angie Besendorfer, Chancellor, WGU Missouri". Evolllution.com. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  26. ^ Kaiser, Emily (November 21, 2013). "Executive Order 13-04". Office of the Missouri Governor. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved December 19, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ [1][dead link‍]
  28. ^ [2]
  29. ^ "About WGU Missouri". WGU official website. March 9, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  30. ^ Wagner, Rick (October 19, 2017). "WGU about to launch third year of Tenn-K scholarships". Kingsport Times-News. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  31. ^ "Kimberly K. Estep, Ph.D., WGU Tennessee Chancellor". WGU official website. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  32. ^ "Haslam pushes state participation in completion-based online university". nashvillecitypaper.com. Archived from the original on 2016-09-18. Retrieved December 19, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "Kimberly K. Estep: WGU Tennessee aims to help working adults". WGU official website. October 16, 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved May 14, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ Anderson, Rick (September 10, 2017). "WGU Nevada chancellor sees workforce needs driving evolution of higher ed". The Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  35. ^ Snyder, Riley (June 16, 2015). "Sandoval announces partnership with nonprofit online college". Associated Press. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  36. ^ Pogarcic, Anna (October 15, 2017). "Western Governors University establishes partnership with North Carolina". The Daily Tar Heel. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  37. ^ "State of North Carolina Partners with Western Governors University to Establish WGU North Carolina (WGU press release)". PR Newswire. October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  38. ^ Watts, Rebecca (July 9, 2018). "Rebecca L. Watts:Working adults need more higher education options". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  39. ^ Background on WGU Ohio's founding
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  41. ^ Reference to Rebecca Watts from University of Wyoming article
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