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====In the workplace====
====In the workplace====
In 2017, a U.S. [[marketing]] company created a "snowflake test" purportedly to be used by employers to "[[call-out culture|weed out]] overly sensitive, [[liberalism|liberal]] candidates who are too easily offended."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chapman |first1=Ben |title=Company introduces 'snowflake test' to weed out 'whiny, entitled' millenial candidates |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/snowflake-test-silent-partner-marketing-weed-out-whiny-entitled-millenial-candidates-job-applicants-a7646101.html |accessdate=4 April 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=23 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404221451/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/snowflake-test-silent-partner-marketing-weed-out-whiny-entitled-millenial-candidates-job-applicants-a7646101.html |archive-date=4 April 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}</ref> However, [[psychologist]] and [[academic]] from the [[Manchester Business School]] at the [[University of Manchester]], [[Cary Cooper]] suggests it is a poor strategy for attracting younger workers.<ref>{{cite news|authorlink=Cary Cooper|first=Cary|last=Cooper|url=http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20171221-the-legitimate-concerns-of-snowflake-workers|title=The legitimate concerns of 'snowflake' workers|work=[[BBC]]|date=21 December 2017|quote=It's easy to ridicule [[millennial]]s but while 'snowflake' bashing remains popular it may eventually prove to be a very stupid business move.|accessdate=11 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421222159/http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20171221-the-legitimate-concerns-of-snowflake-workers|archive-date=21 April 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In 2017, a U.S. [[marketing]] company created a "snowflake test" purportedly to be used by employers to "[[call-out culture|weed out]] overly sensitive, [[liberalism|liberal]] candidates who are too easily offended."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chapman |first1=Ben |title=Company introduces 'snowflake test' to weed out 'whiny, entitled' millenial candidates |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/snowflake-test-silent-partner-marketing-weed-out-whiny-entitled-millenial-candidates-job-applicants-a7646101.html |accessdate=4 April 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=23 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404221451/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/snowflake-test-silent-partner-marketing-weed-out-whiny-entitled-millenial-candidates-job-applicants-a7646101.html |archive-date=4 April 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}</ref> However, [[psychologist]] and [[academic]] from the [[Manchester Business School]] at the [[University of Manchester]], [[Cary Cooper]] suggests it is a poor strategy for attracting talented younger workers.<ref>{{cite news|authorlink=Cary Cooper|first=Cary|last=Cooper|url=http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20171221-the-legitimate-concerns-of-snowflake-workers|title=The legitimate concerns of 'snowflake' workers|work=[[BBC]]|date=21 December 2017|quote=It's easy to ridicule [[millennial]]s but while 'snowflake' bashing remains popular it may eventually prove to be a very stupid business move.|accessdate=11 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421222159/http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20171221-the-legitimate-concerns-of-snowflake-workers|archive-date=21 April 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==

Revision as of 03:44, 13 April 2019

Snowflake is a 2010s derogatory slang term for a person, implying that they have an inflated sense of uniqueness, an unwarranted sense of entitlement, or are over-emotional, easily offended, and unable to deal with opposing opinions. Common usages include the terms special snowflake, Generation Snowflake, and snowflake as a politicized insult. Broflake is a related term which the Oxford dictionary defines as "a man who is readily upset or offended by progressive attitudes that conflict with his more conventional or conservative views";[1] however, its usage is not limited to men and might apply more generally to those who claim to not be easily offended–yet often are.[2]

Background and usage

Macro image of a snowflake showing its fragile ice crystal structure.

It is popularly believed but not proven that each actual snowflake has a unique structure.[3][4] Most usages of "snowflake" make reference to the physical qualities of snowflakes, such as their unique structure or fragility, while a minority of usages make reference to the white color of snow.[5][6]

Unique or special snowflake

Chuck Palahniuk has often been credited with coining the metaphorical use of snowflake[5] in his 1996 novel Fight Club. Fight Club contains the quote: "you are not special, you are not a beautiful and unique snowflake".[7] The 1999 film adaptation of the novel also contains this line.[7] In January 2017, Palahniuk directly claimed credit for coining the term, adding that the young adults of the 2010s exhibit "a kind of new Victorianism".[8] Palahniuk's claim has been questioned.[6] The unique as a snowflake metaphor has been used with elementary school students to celebrate their individuality and teamwork in a positive way.[9]

Following Fight Club, the terminology "special snowflake" and "special snowflake syndrome" was applied to individuals who behaved as if they were very special, but with a negative connotation.[10][11] Such terminology refers to a person who believes their status as a unique individual means that they are destined for great success or deserve a special career with abundant praise and admiration.[12][7][13] According to Merriam-Webster, in the 2000s, snowflake referred "mostly to millennials who were allegedly too convinced of their own status as special and unique people to be able (or bothered) to handle the normal trials and travails of regular adult life".[6]

Generation Snowflake

The term "Generation Snowflake" or "Snowflake Generation" was popularized following a 2015 student/faculty confrontation at Yale University which was later discussed in I Find That Offensive!, Claire Fox's 2016 book. The confrontation arose between university students and faculty Head of College, Nicholas Christakis. The confrontation, which was recorded and uploaded to YouTube, shows university students arguing with Christakis over a disagreement regarding Halloween costumes and the degree to which Yale University should intervene regarding student costumes which may be perceived as cultural appropriation. Fox described the video as showing a: "screaming, almost hysterical mob of students" and that the backlash to the viral video led to the disparaging moniker "generation snowflake" for the students.[14]

According to a 2016 article by Helen Rumbelow published in The Australian: "The term 'generation snowflake' started in the United States. Parents cherished their offspring as 'precious little snowflakes', each alike but unique, or 'everyone is special'."[15] Claire Fox argues recent parenting philosophy led to parenting methods which "denied resilience-building freedoms that past generations enjoyed".[16]

The term "snowflake generation" was one of Collins Dictionary's 2016 words of the year. Collins defines the term as "the young adults of the 2010s, viewed as being less resilient and more prone to taking offence than previous generations".[17]

The terms "generation snowflake" and "snowflake generation" are frequently used in reference to use of trigger warnings and safe spaces, or to describe young adults as "anti-free speech", specifically in reference to a practice referred to as "no-platforming".[18][19][20] It has also been used to refer to a reported increase in mental health issues among young adults.[21][16]

Politicized insult

Following Brexit in the UK and the election of Donald Trump as 45th President of the U.S., generation snowflake was often shortened to simply snowflake and became a politicized insult. A November 2016 article from The Guardian commented: "Until very recently, to call someone a snowflake would have involved the word 'generation'."[10]

Snowflake as a politicized insult is typically used by those on the political right to insult those on the political left.[10] In an article from the Los Angeles Times, Jessica Roy says the alt-right in the United States pejoratively describes most liberals and those protesting against Donald Trump as "snowflakes", short for "special snowflake".[22] A 2017 article from Think Progress commented: "The insult expanded to encompass not just the young, but liberals of all ages; it became the epithet of choice for right-wingers to fling at anyone who could be accused of being too easily offended, too in need of "safe spaces, too fragile".[23] Jonathon Green, editor of Green's Dictionary of Slang, points out snowflake is an unusual insult in that it calls someone weak and fragile without using misogynistic or homophobic references.[24][check quotation syntax]

Actor George Takei extended the metaphor to emphasize the power of snowflakes, saying: "The thing about 'snowflakes' is this: They are beautiful and unique, but in large numbers become an unstoppable avalanche that will bury you."[24] Others have returned the insult back at those with right-wing politics, arguing "oversensitive whiners can be found all over the political spectrum" including President Trump. Comedian Neal Brennan referred to Donald Trump as "the biggest snowflake in America",[24] while a January 2017 opinion piece from The Guardian refers to President Trump as "Snowflake-in-Chief"[25] and CNN commentator Van Jones called Trump "President Snowflake" based on his response to the FBI's Russia probe in May 2017.[26]

Shelly Haslam-Ormerod, senior lecturer in mental health and wellbeing at Edge Hill University, strongly criticised the use of the term, arguing in The Conversation that it stigmatises the mental health challenges faced by today's young people in an uncertain world and noting that even children aged under 10 have been unfairly labelled "snowflakes" in tabloid articles.[27]

In her syndicated column, Michelle Malkin criticized the provision of the Affordable Care Act which requires employer-based health coverage to extend to adult children up to 26 years of age, describing it as the "slacker mandate" and calling these young adults "precious snowflakes". Malkin argues the provision has "cultural consequences" in that it "reduces the incentives for 20-somethings to grow up and seek independent lives and livelihoods".[28]

Other uses

In the 1860s "snowflake" was used by abolitionists in Missouri to refer to those who opposed the abolition of slavery. The term referred to the color of snow, referring to valuing white people over black people. This usage was not believed to have extended beyond the state of Missouri in the 1800s.[6][5]

In the 1970s, according to Green's Dictionary of Slang, snowflake has been used to describe "a white person or a black person who was perceived as acting too much like a white person".[23][5]

In the workplace

In 2017, a U.S. marketing company created a "snowflake test" purportedly to be used by employers to "weed out overly sensitive, liberal candidates who are too easily offended."[29] However, psychologist and academic from the Manchester Business School at the University of Manchester, Cary Cooper suggests it is a poor strategy for attracting talented younger workers.[30]

In December 2016, the term snowflake was referenced in the ABC sitcom Last Man Standing, in an episode titled Precious Snowflake about microaggressions and politically correct speech restrictions on a university campus.[31][32][33]

The American live sketch comedy show, Saturday Night Live, in March 2017 aired a skit about a Trump-loving dog that, through the aid of technology, was able to berate the anti-Trump humans in the room as "liberal snowflakes".[34][35]

See also

Look up snowflake, broflake, crybully, special snowflake syndrome, or snowflake generation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

  1. ^ broflake Archived 24 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine Oxford Dictionaries.
  2. ^ Broflake defined Archived 7 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine at BoingBoing.
  3. ^ Allman, William (1984). "No snowflakes alike? Prove it!". The San Diego Union.
  4. ^ Jordan, Gill (10 December 2016). "Your kids aren't unique and neither are snowflakes". CBC News. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b c d Stone, Brianna (1 February 2017). "Been called a 'snowflake'? The 'it' new insult". USA Today. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b c d "No, 'Snowflake' as a Slang Term Did Not Begin with 'Fight Club'". Merriam-Webster. January 2017. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017. Palahniuk was hardly the first person to use the metaphor. It's the stuff of self-help books and inspirational posters and elementary school assurances. The imagery before negation is lovely; we are each unique snowflakes, each worth treasuring because each is uniquely beautiful. Palahniuk's denial of the individual's snowflake status struck a chord. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ a b c North, Anna (25 July 2014). "Are Trophies Really So Bad?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Londoner's Diary: Fight Club's Chuck Palahniuk: "I coined 'snowflake' and I stand by it"". The Evening Standard. 24 January 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Grubbs, Jenni (27 January 2017). "Green Acres students celebrating being unique". Fort Morgan Times. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b c Nicholson, Rebecca (28 November 2016). "'Poor little snowflake': the defining insult of 2016". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Yagoda, Ben (4 December 2016). "Who You Calling 'Snowflake'?". Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Albrecht, Emily (19 February 2014). "Special Snowflake Syndrome". The Dartmouth.
  13. ^ Rumbelow, Helen (9 November 2016). "Generation snowflake: Why millenials are mocked for being too delicate". The Australian. Surry Hills. Retrieved 15 November 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Fox, Claire (2016). I Find That Offensive!. London: Biteback Publishing. ISBN 978-1-849-54981-3.
  15. ^ Rumbelow, Helen (9 November 2016). "Generation snowflake: Why millenials are mocked for being too delicate". The Australian. Surry Hills. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  16. ^ a b Fox, Claire (4 June 2016). "Generation Snowflake: how we train our kids to be censorious cry-babies". The Spectator. London. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Top 10 Collins Words of the Year 2016". Collins English Dictionary. 3 November 2016. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "'Stop calling us snowflakes', say millennials". The Day. 1 December 2016. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Gordon, Bryony (8 April 2016). "I feel sorry for the poor ickle millennials". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Brooks, Richard (14 November 2016). "In defence of generation snowflake- everyone's favourite punching bag". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Keaveney, Stephanie (19 December 2016). "The 'Snowflake' Generation: Real or Imagined?". The John William Pope Center. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ Roy, Jessica (16 November 2016). "'Cuck,' 'snowflake,' 'masculinist': A guide to the language of the 'alt-right'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ a b Goldstein, Jessica (19 January 2017). "The surprising history of 'snowflake' as a political insult". Think Progress. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ a b c Peters, Mark (23 February 2017). "Some 'snowflakes' can take the heat". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ Brammer, John Paul (16 January 2017). "America: behold, your Snowflake-in-Chief". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Van Jones: Trump is 'President Snowflake', CNN Video, archived from the original on 19 May 2017, retrieved 19 May 2017 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ Haslam-Ormerod, Shelly (12 January 2019). ‘Snowflake millennial’ label is inaccurate and reverses progress to destigmatise mental health Archived 12 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine, [[The Conversation (website)|]].
  28. ^ Malkin, Michelle (16 November 2016). "The Slacker Mandate and the Safety Pin Generation". Townhall. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  29. ^ Chapman, Ben (23 March 2017). "Company introduces 'snowflake test' to weed out 'whiny, entitled' millenial candidates". The Independent. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ Cooper, Cary (21 December 2017). "The legitimate concerns of 'snowflake' workers". BBC. Archived from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019. It's easy to ridicule millennials but while 'snowflake' bashing remains popular it may eventually prove to be a very stupid business move. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ "S6 E09 Precious Snowflakes". ABC. 2 December 2016. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ "Season 6, Episode 9 Precious Snowflakes". TV Guide. 2 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ Townsend, Karen (3 December 2016). "'Last Man Standing' Hilariously Lampoons PC Special Snowflakes on College Campuses". NewsBusters. Media Research Center. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ Tornoe, Rob (13 March 2017). "'Saturday Night Live' goes after liberal snowflakes with Trump-loving dog". Philadelphia Daily News. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ Hashmi, Siraj (13 March 2017). "Hilarious SNL skit targets 'liberal snowflakes' through a talking dog [VIDEO]". Red Alert Politics. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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