Imperial China: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Period in Chinese history}} |
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{{Short history of China}} |
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'''Imperial China''' (also called the '''Empire of China''' or the '''Chinese Empire''') refers to the [[history of China]] from 221 BC to AD 1912, or to the government of China in that period. With all dynasties combined the empire lasted for a total of 2133 years. |
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'''Early Imperial China''' begins with the unification of China by the [[Qin dynasty]] in [[221 BC]]. It ended five centuries of [[feudal]] warfare, similar to that of Western Europe, that plagued the [[Eastern Zhou dynasty]]. The short-lived Qin introduced centralized government under the [[absolute monarchy]] of the [[emperor of China]]. The Qin standardized measurements and script and linked up the [[Great Wall]]. Their structure of government, the [[Three Lords and Nine Ministers]], characterized this period. The Qin were overthrown in 206 BC and were replaced by the [[Han Dynasty]] which ruled for four centuries and made [[Confucianism]] the state ideology. This period ended in 220 CE, followed by the [[Six Dynasties]], a four hundred year period of warfare which lasted until the [[Sui dynasty]] defeated its rivals in [[589]]. |
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==Mid-Imperial China== |
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'''Mid-Imperial China''' begins with the reunification of China by the short-lived [[Sui dynasty]] in 589. The Sui replaced the [[nine-rank system]] with the [[imperial examination]] and embarked on major public works such as connecting the various canals to form the [[Grand Canal (China)|Grand Canal]]. They also replaced the state structure with the [[Three Departments and Six Ministries]], a system that would remain little changed until the adoption of a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] in May 1911 just prior to the [[Xinhai Revolution]]. |
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After the Sui were overthrown, the [[Tang dynasty]] ruled for three centuries in prosperity. Its collapse was followed by decades of upheaval known as the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period]]. Tribes from the north took advantage of the disunity to set up the [[Northern Conquest Dynasties]]. Most of [[China proper]] was reunified by the [[Song dynasty]] in 960 which saw major technological, economic, and cultural advances and the rise of [[neo-Confucianism]]. China was conquered by the [[Mongol Empire]] in 1279. The period spanning the Tang and Song dynasties is also known as the '''Golden Age of China'''. |
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==Late Imperial China== |
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'''Late Imperial China''' refers to the period between the end of [[Mongol]] rule in 1368 and the establishment of the [[Republic of China]] in 1912 and includes the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing Dynasty|Qing]] Dynasties. Sometimes it includes the Yuan Dynasty also. |
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The use of [[Early Imperial China|early]]/[[Mid-Imperial China|mid]] and late Imperial China is preferred by many economic, cultural, and social historians over the standard [[Dynasties in Chinese history|dynastic]] periodization in that it emphasizes social and economic continuities between dynasties. In particular, there is a consensus among historians that unlike the [[Yuan Dynasty]], the Manchu invasions did not mark a relatively sharp discontinuity in Chinese history and that most of the cultural and social trends of the period crossed the Ming–Qing division. |
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At the same time, some historians point out that this periodization tends to regard the periods of stable united dynasties as "normal" and "standard" and the periods in between as "abnormal." |
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==References== |
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* Mote, F. W., ''[[Imperial China: 900–1800]]'' (1999). |
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==See also== |
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{{portal|Imperial China}} |
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* [[Empire of China (1915–1916)]], the short-lived dynasty proclaimed by Yuan Shikai |
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* [[Foreign relations of Imperial China]] |
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* [[List of empires]] |
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[[Category:History of China]] |
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[[Category:3rd-century BC establishments in China| 01]] |
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[[Category:1912 disestablishments in China|.01]] |
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[[Category:220s BC establishments]] |
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[[Category:1912 disestablishments in Asia]] |
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[[Category:States and territories established in the 3rd century BC]] |
[[Category:States and territories established in the 3rd century BC]] |
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[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1912]] |
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1912]] |
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[[Category:1st millennium BC in China]] |
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[[Category:1st millennium in China]] |
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[[Category:2nd millennium in China]] |
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Revision as of 07:17, 9 May 2019
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Categories:
- Imperial China
- History of China
- 3rd-century BC establishments in China
- 1912 disestablishments in China
- 220s BC establishments
- 1912 disestablishments in Asia
- States and territories established in the 3rd century BC
- States and territories disestablished in 1912
- 1st millennium BC in China
- 1st millennium in China
- 2nd millennium in China