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{{short description|Filipino Visayan lawyer, politician, and World War II Cebu governor}}
{{short description|Filipino Visayan lawyer, politician, and World War II Cebu governor}}
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| death_date = 1945
| death_date = 1945
| profession = [[Lawyer]]
| profession = Lawyer
| predecessor = [[Jose Delgado (politician)|Jose Delgado]]
| predecessor = [[Jose Delgado (politician)|Jose Delgado]]
| successor = [[Fructuoso Cabahug]]
| successor = [[Fructuoso Cabahug]]
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| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]]
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}}
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'''Jose S. Leyson''' (1900 – 1945) was a [[Filipinos|Filipino]] [[Visayans|Visayan]] [[lawyer]] and [[politician]] from [[Cebu]], [[Philippines]]. He was appointed by the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese forces]] to serve as governor of the province of Cebu during [[World War II]]. It is believed that he was executed before the end of the war, and the whereabouts of his remain are unknown.
'''Jose S. Leyson''' (1900–1945) was a [[Filipinos|Filipino]] [[Visayans|Visayan]] lawyer and politician from [[Cebu]], Philippines. He was appointed by the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese forces]] to serve as governor of the province of Cebu during [[World War II]]. It is believed that he was executed before the end of the war, and the whereabouts of his remain are unknown.
== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Jose Leyson, born in 1900, was married to Lourdes Velez.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2018/07/25/1836512/joses-cebu-provincial-capitol-and-city-hall|title=The Joses of the Cebu Provincial Capitol and City Hall {{!}} The Freeman|last=Oaminal|first=Clarence Paul|date=July 25, 2018|website=philstar.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> He attended Colegio de San Carlos (now [[University of San Carlos]]), acquired a law degree at the [[University of the Philippines]],<ref name=":2" /> and became a lawyer on November 15, 1923.<ref name=":1" />
Jose Leyson, born in 1900, was married to Lourdes Velez.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2018/07/25/1836512/joses-cebu-provincial-capitol-and-city-hall|title=The Joses of the Cebu Provincial Capitol and City Hall {{!}} The Freeman|last=Oaminal|first=Clarence Paul|date=July 25, 2018|website=The Philippine Star|dead-url=|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> He attended Colegio de San Carlos (now [[University of San Carlos]]), acquired a law degree at the [[University of the Philippines]],<ref name=":2" /> and became a lawyer on November 15, 1923.<ref name=":1" />


== Career ==
== Career ==
He worked as general Manager of Cebu Transit Company, a bus company in operation before the war. In social circles, he was known as "[[Beau Brummell|Beau Brommel]]" and for his his stylish dressing, and was described as fun-loving and sociable.<ref name=":2" />
He worked as general Manager of Cebu Transit Company, a bus company in operation before the war. In social circles, he was known as "[[Beau Brummell|Beau Brommel]]" and for his his stylish dressing, and was described as fun-loving and sociable.<ref name=":2" />


Leyson, along with Manuel Gotianuy and Lim Bonfing, was one of the co-founders and incorporators of the Union Surety and Insurance Corporation, a non-life [[insurance]] company, on July 14, 1931. The name of the company was later renamed Visayan Surety and Insurance Corporation a month later.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2016/08/09/manuel-gotianuy/|title=Manuel Gotianuy|last=Funa|first=Atty Dennis B.|website=BusinessMirror|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> Leyson served as the company's vice-president and secretary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visayansurety.com/pdf/2017/ARTICLES%20OF%20INCORPORATION.pdf|title=Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of Incorporation|last=Securities and Exchange Commission|first=|authorlink=|last2=|date=|website=www.visayansurety.com|publisher=Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref>
Leyson, along with Manuel Gotianuy and Lim Bonfing, was one of the co-founders and incorporators of the Union Surety and Insurance Corporation, a non-life insurance company, on July 14, 1931. The name of the company was later renamed Visayan Surety and Insurance Corporation a month later.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2016/08/09/manuel-gotianuy/|title=Manuel Gotianuy|last=Funa|first=Atty Dennis B.|website=BusinessMirror|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> Leyson served as the company's vice-president and secretary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visayansurety.com/pdf/2017/ARTICLES%20OF%20INCORPORATION.pdf|title=Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of Incorporation|last=Securities and Exchange Commission|website=''visayansurety.com''|publisher=Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation|dead-url=|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref>


On October 2, 1939, his appointment by then [[Manuel L. Quezon|President Manuel L. Quezon]] as member of the Board of Tax Appeals of Cebu City, together with that of Vicente Urgello, was confirmed by the [[Commission on Appointments|Commission on Appointment]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1939/11/11/statement-president-quezon-on-appointments-confirmed-by-commission-on-appointments-of-national-assembly-november-11-1939/|title=Statement: President Quezon on Appointments confirmed by Commission on Appointments of National Assembly, November 11, 1939 {{!}} GOVPH|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> Then, he was elected as member of the provincial board together with Fructuoso Barte Cabahug on December 10, 1940.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-freeman/20181112/281676845933822|title=Jose S. LEyson Street, unveiled at last|last=Oaminal|first=Oaminal|date=November 12, 2018|website=www.pressreader.com|publisher=Philippine Star; The Freeman through Pressreader|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref>
On October 2, 1939, his appointment by then [[Manuel L. Quezon|President Manuel L. Quezon]] as member of the Board of Tax Appeals of Cebu City, together with that of Vicente Urgello, was confirmed by the [[Commission on Appointments|Commission on Appointment]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1939/11/11/statement-president-quezon-on-appointments-confirmed-by-commission-on-appointments-of-national-assembly-november-11-1939/|title=Statement: President Quezon on Appointments confirmed by Commission on Appointments of National Assembly, November 11, 1939 {{!}} GOVPH|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> Then, he was elected as member of the provincial board together with Fructuoso Barte Cabahug on December 10, 1940.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-freeman/20181112/281676845933822|title=Jose S. LEyson Street, unveiled at last|last=Oaminal|first=Oaminal|date=November 12, 2018|website=''pressreader.com''|publisher=Philippine Star; The Freeman through Pressreader|dead-url=|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref>


== During World War II ==
== During World War II ==
During World War II, Jose Leyson was forced by the Japanese to serve the government from 1944 to 1945.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/31260|title=Viewing a slice of Cebu history|last=Newman|first=Jenara Regis|date=2015-09-15|website=Sunstar|language=English|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> He became the ''[[de facto]]'' governor when [[Hilario Abellana]] escaped to the town of Badian on the eve of the Japanese landings on April 10, 1942 and interacted with the Japanese in their attempt to install a [[civilian government]]. In addition, he had visited [[Japan]] previously on an educational tour when he was a law student at the University of the Philippines. Abellana soon returned back to [[Cebu City]] and resumed the role as governor, while Leyson became vice governor.
During World War II, Jose Leyson was forced by the Japanese to serve the government from 1944 to 1945.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/31260|title=Viewing a slice of Cebu history|last=Newman|first=Jenara Regis|date=September 15, 2015|website=Sunstar|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> He became the ''de facto'' governor when [[Hilario Abellana]] escaped to the town of Badian on the eve of the Japanese landings on April 10, 1942 and interacted with the Japanese in their attempt to install a [[civilian government]]. In addition, he had visited Japan previously on an educational tour when he was a law student at the University of the Philippines. Abellana soon returned back to [[Cebu City]] and resumed the role as governor, while Leyson became vice governor.


Due to the instability in politics at the time, scholars had difficulty determining the administrations of war-time governors of Abellana, Leyson, and Jose Delgado, who was the Cebu City mayor before the coming of the Japanese forces. Leyson participated in the assembly called by ''[[KALIBAPI]] (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipino)'', the group that replaced political parties, that ratified the [[1943 Constitution of the Philippines|Constitution]] on September 7, 1943.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/945648989|title=The war in Cebu|last=Mojares, Resil B.,|others=Bersales, Jose Eleazar R. (Jose Eleazar Reynes)|isbn=9789715390705|location=Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines|oclc=945648989}}</ref> When the [[National Assembly of the Philippines|National Assembly]] convened in 1943, he was one of the representatives of Cebu together with Jose Delgado.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=-v4qAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA877&lpg=PA877&dq=cebu+jose+leyson&source=bl&ots=Mopu2PEYMe&sig=ACfU3U0qXAutu6pcGEfqm1L9Oa8F9UsS7w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMtsuDoZXiAhU3x4sBHU9rDEs4ChDoATAIegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=cebu%20jose%20leyson&f=false|title=Official Gazette|last=Philippines|date=1943|language=en}}</ref>
Due to the instability in politics at the time, scholars had difficulty determining the administrations of war-time governors of Abellana, Leyson, and Jose Delgado, who was the Cebu City mayor before the coming of the Japanese forces. Leyson participated in the assembly called by ''[[KALIBAPI]] (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipino)'', the group that replaced political parties, that ratified the [[1943 Constitution of the Philippines|Constitution]] on September 7, 1943.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/945648989|title=The war in Cebu|last=Mojares, Resil B.,|others=Bersales, Jose Eleazar R. (Jose Eleazar Reynes)|isbn=9789715390705|location=Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines|oclc=945648989}}</ref> When the [[National Assembly of the Philippines|National Assembly]] convened in 1943, he was one of the representatives of Cebu together with Jose Delgado.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=-v4qAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA877&lpg=PA877&dq=cebu+jose+leyson&source=bl&ots=Mopu2PEYMe&sig=ACfU3U0qXAutu6pcGEfqm1L9Oa8F9UsS7w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMtsuDoZXiAhU3x4sBHU9rDEs4ChDoATAIegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=cebu%20jose%20leyson&f=false|title=Official Gazette|last=Philippines|date=1943|language=en}}</ref>


Before the end of the war, he was killed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2018/06/04/1821497/president-quezons-cebuano-appointees-1939|title=President Quezon's Cebuano appointees in 1939 {{!}} The Freeman|last=Oaminal|first=Clarence Paul|date=June 4, 2018|website=philstar.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> and his remains have never been found.<ref name=":1" /> There are several accounts that explained his death, one of which was that he was taken as [[hostage]] by the Japanese army in their retreat towards the northern part of Cebu and then killed. Another account claimed that together with Paulino Gullas and other Cebuano officers, he was taken by the Japanese to the Babag Ridge area and died when Americans bombed the cave they were hiding.<ref name=":2" />
Before the end of the war, he was killed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2018/06/04/1821497/president-quezons-cebuano-appointees-1939|title=President Quezon's Cebuano appointees in 1939 {{!}} The Freeman|last=Oaminal|first=Clarence Paul|date=June 4, 2018|website=The Philippine Star|dead-url=|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> and his remains have never been found.<ref name=":1" /> There are several accounts that explained his death, one of which was that he was taken as [[hostage]] by the Japanese army in their retreat towards the northern part of Cebu and then killed. Another account claimed that together with Paulino Gullas and other Cebuano officers, he was taken by the Japanese to the Babag Ridge area and died when Americans bombed the cave they were hiding.<ref name=":2" />


== Historical commemoration ==
== Historical commemoration ==
The Cebu City Council enacted Ordinance No. 720 renaming Progreso Street to Governor Jose S. Leyson Street in his honor on August 5, 1971.<ref name=":0" /> On October 12, 2018, the ordinance was implemented by unveiling of the street sign in Barangay Ermita, Cebu City. Leyson was hailed as a hero and martyr.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/198745/forty-year-ordinance-implemented-street-renamed-wwii-martyr-gov|title=Forty-year ordinance implemented: Street renamed after WWII ‘martyr-gov’|last=Letigio|first=Delta Dyrecka|date=October 13, 2018|website=cebudailynews.inquirer.net|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref>
The Cebu City Council enacted Ordinance No. 720 renaming Progreso Street to Governor Jose S. Leyson Street in his honor on August 5, 1971.<ref name=":0" /> On October 12, 2018, the ordinance was implemented by unveiling of the street sign in Barangay Ermita, Cebu City. Leyson was hailed as a hero and martyr.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/198745/forty-year-ordinance-implemented-street-renamed-wwii-martyr-gov|title=Forty-year ordinance implemented: Street renamed after WWII ‘martyr-gov’|last=Letigio|first=Delta Dyrecka|date=October 13, 2018|website=Philippine Daily Inquirer|dead-url=|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref>


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==

Revision as of 12:07, 12 May 2019

The Honourable
Jose S. Leyson
Governor of Cebu
In office
1944–1945
Preceded byJose Delgado
Succeeded byFructuoso Cabahug
Personal details
Born1900
Died1945
NationalityFilipino
SpouseLourdes Velez
Alma mater
ProfessionLawyer

Jose S. Leyson (1900–1945) was a Filipino Visayan lawyer and politician from Cebu, Philippines. He was appointed by the Japanese forces to serve as governor of the province of Cebu during World War II. It is believed that he was executed before the end of the war, and the whereabouts of his remain are unknown.

Early life

Jose Leyson, born in 1900, was married to Lourdes Velez.[1] He attended Colegio de San Carlos (now University of San Carlos), acquired a law degree at the University of the Philippines,[2] and became a lawyer on November 15, 1923.[3]

Career

He worked as general Manager of Cebu Transit Company, a bus company in operation before the war. In social circles, he was known as "Beau Brommel" and for his his stylish dressing, and was described as fun-loving and sociable.[2]

Leyson, along with Manuel Gotianuy and Lim Bonfing, was one of the co-founders and incorporators of the Union Surety and Insurance Corporation, a non-life insurance company, on July 14, 1931. The name of the company was later renamed Visayan Surety and Insurance Corporation a month later.[3] Leyson served as the company's vice-president and secretary.[4]

On October 2, 1939, his appointment by then President Manuel L. Quezon as member of the Board of Tax Appeals of Cebu City, together with that of Vicente Urgello, was confirmed by the Commission on Appointment.[5] Then, he was elected as member of the provincial board together with Fructuoso Barte Cabahug on December 10, 1940.[6]

During World War II

During World War II, Jose Leyson was forced by the Japanese to serve the government from 1944 to 1945.[6][7] He became the de facto governor when Hilario Abellana escaped to the town of Badian on the eve of the Japanese landings on April 10, 1942 and interacted with the Japanese in their attempt to install a civilian government. In addition, he had visited Japan previously on an educational tour when he was a law student at the University of the Philippines. Abellana soon returned back to Cebu City and resumed the role as governor, while Leyson became vice governor.

Due to the instability in politics at the time, scholars had difficulty determining the administrations of war-time governors of Abellana, Leyson, and Jose Delgado, who was the Cebu City mayor before the coming of the Japanese forces. Leyson participated in the assembly called by KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipino), the group that replaced political parties, that ratified the Constitution on September 7, 1943.[2] When the National Assembly convened in 1943, he was one of the representatives of Cebu together with Jose Delgado.[8]

Before the end of the war, he was killed[9] and his remains have never been found.[3] There are several accounts that explained his death, one of which was that he was taken as hostage by the Japanese army in their retreat towards the northern part of Cebu and then killed. Another account claimed that together with Paulino Gullas and other Cebuano officers, he was taken by the Japanese to the Babag Ridge area and died when Americans bombed the cave they were hiding.[2]

Historical commemoration

The Cebu City Council enacted Ordinance No. 720 renaming Progreso Street to Governor Jose S. Leyson Street in his honor on August 5, 1971.[6] On October 12, 2018, the ordinance was implemented by unveiling of the street sign in Barangay Ermita, Cebu City. Leyson was hailed as a hero and martyr.[10]

Further reading

  • Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of incorporation of Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation
  • Mojares, Resil et al, The War in Cebu, University of San Carlos (2015)

References

  1. ^ Oaminal, Clarence Paul (July 25, 2018). "The Joses of the Cebu Provincial Capitol and City Hall | The Freeman". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 12, 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d Mojares, Resil B.,. The war in Cebu. Bersales, Jose Eleazar R. (Jose Eleazar Reynes). Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines. ISBN 9789715390705. OCLC 945648989.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b c Funa, Atty Dennis B. "Manuel Gotianuy". BusinessMirror. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  4. ^ Securities and Exchange Commission. "Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of Incorporation" (PDF). visayansurety.com. Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation. Retrieved May 12, 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
  5. ^ "Statement: President Quezon on Appointments confirmed by Commission on Appointments of National Assembly, November 11, 1939 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  6. ^ a b c Oaminal, Oaminal (November 12, 2018). "Jose S. LEyson Street, unveiled at last". pressreader.com. Philippine Star; The Freeman through Pressreader. Retrieved May 12, 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)
  7. ^ Newman, Jenara Regis (September 15, 2015). "Viewing a slice of Cebu history". Sunstar. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  8. ^ Philippines (1943). Official Gazette.
  9. ^ Oaminal, Clarence Paul (June 4, 2018). "President Quezon's Cebuano appointees in 1939 | The Freeman". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 12, 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  10. ^ Letigio, Delta Dyrecka (October 13, 2018). "Forty-year ordinance implemented: Street renamed after WWII 'martyr-gov'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 12, 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
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