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m Changed a "Stotra" to "Vedic Hymn". A Stotra, in the context of the hindu/ Vedic religion is composed by humans, whereas the Rudram, being part of the Vedas, is Apaurusheya (not made by any individual person). As such, vedic hymn or vedic mantra better describes it.
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{{About|a stotra (a homage hymn) to Shiva|the Marathi tv series|Rudram (TV series)}}
{{About|a stotra (a homage hymn) to Shiva|the Marathi tv series|Rudram (TV series)}}
{{Hindu scriptures}}
{{Hindu scriptures}}
'''''Shri Rudram''''' ({{lang-sa|श्रीरुद्रम्|śrī-rudram}}), is a ''[[stotra]]'' or homage hymn to [[Rudra]] (an epithet of [[Shiva]]) taken from the [[Yajurveda|''Krishna Yajurveda's'']] [[Taittiriya Shakha|''Taittiriya Samhita'']] (TS 4.5, 4.7). ''Chamakam'' ({{lang-sa|चमकम्}}) is added by scriptural tradition to the ''Shri Rudram''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/enwiki/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Exposition-EN.pdf|title=Śrī Rudram Exosition}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vak1969.com/2013/02/01/introduction-to-rudram/|title=Introduction to rudram|at=sec. Chamakam}}</ref>. ''Shri Rudram'' is also known as ''Śri Rudrapraśna'', ''{{IAST|Śatarudrīya}}'', and ''Rudradhyaya''. The text is important in [[Shaivism]] where [[Shiva]] is viewed as God. The hymn is an early example of enumerating the [[Names of God|names of a deity]].<ref name=fullerp14/>
'''''Shri Rudram''''' ({{lang-sa|श्रीरुद्रम्|śrī-rudram}}), is a vedic [[mantra]] or chant in homage to [[Rudra]] (an epithet of [[Shiva]]) taken from the [[Yajurveda|''Krishna Yajurveda's'']] [[Taittiriya Shakha|''Taittiriya Samhita'']] (TS 4.5, 4.7). ''Chamakam'' ({{lang-sa|चमकम्}}) is added by scriptural tradition to the ''Shri Rudram''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/enwiki/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Exposition-EN.pdf|title=Śrī Rudram Exosition}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vak1969.com/2013/02/01/introduction-to-rudram/|title=Introduction to rudram|at=sec. Chamakam}}</ref>. ''Shri Rudram'' is also known as ''Śri Rudrapraśna'', ''{{IAST|Śatarudrīya}}'', and ''Rudradhyaya''. The text is important in [[Shaivism]] where [[Shiva]] is viewed as God. The hymn is an early example of enumerating the [[Names of God|names of a deity]].<ref name=fullerp14/>


''Shri Rudram'' is also famous for its mention of the Shaivite holy [[mantra]] ''[[ Namah Shivaya]]'', which appears in the text of the ''{{IAST|Śatarudrīya}}'' in the eighth anuvaka of [[Taittiriya Shakha|''Taittiriya Samhita'']] (TS 4.5.8.1).<ref>For notability and text ''{{IAST|namaḥ śivāya}}'' see: Sivaramamurti, pp. 1, 24.</ref>. It also contains the mantra ''Aum namah bhagavate rudraya'' and the ''[[Mahamrityunjaya Mantra]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skandagurunatha.org/works/stothras/sri-rudram.pdf|title=sri rudram|pages=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.suyajna.org/files/rudram.pdf|title=SRI RUDRAM with meaning|at=sec. Mantra}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sanskritdocuments.org/articles/ShriRudramChamakam_PRKannan.pdf|title=SRI RUDRAM (with CHAMAKAM)|at=sec. mantra 12 of ANUVAKAM 11, page 87}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/enwiki/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Text-Anuvakam-1-11-devanagari-transliteration-translation.pdf|title=Rudram|website=vedic union|page=2}}</ref>
''Shri Rudram'' is also famous for its mention of the Shaivite holy [[mantra]] ''[[ Namah Shivaya]]'', which appears in the text of the ''{{IAST|Śatarudrīya}}'' in the eighth anuvaka of [[Taittiriya Shakha|''Taittiriya Samhita'']] (TS 4.5.8.1).<ref>For notability and text ''{{IAST|namaḥ śivāya}}'' see: Sivaramamurti, pp. 1, 24.</ref>. It also contains the mantra ''Aum namah bhagavate rudraya'' and the ''[[Mahamrityunjaya Mantra]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skandagurunatha.org/works/stothras/sri-rudram.pdf|title=sri rudram|pages=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.suyajna.org/files/rudram.pdf|title=SRI RUDRAM with meaning|at=sec. Mantra}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sanskritdocuments.org/articles/ShriRudramChamakam_PRKannan.pdf|title=SRI RUDRAM (with CHAMAKAM)|at=sec. mantra 12 of ANUVAKAM 11, page 87}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedaunion.org/enwiki/static/pdf/Sri-Rudram-Text-Anuvakam-1-11-devanagari-transliteration-translation.pdf|title=Rudram|website=vedic union|page=2}}</ref>

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This article is about a stotra (a homage hymn) to Shiva. For the Marathi tv series, see Rudram (TV series).
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Shri Rudram (Template:Lang-sa), is a vedic mantra or chant in homage to Rudra (an epithet of Shiva) taken from the Krishna Yajurveda's Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5, 4.7). Chamakam (Template:Lang-sa) is added by scriptural tradition to the Shri Rudram[1][2]. Shri Rudram is also known as Śri Rudrapraśna, Śatarudrīya, and Rudradhyaya. The text is important in Shaivism where Shiva is viewed as God. The hymn is an early example of enumerating the names of a deity.[3]

Shri Rudram is also famous for its mention of the Shaivite holy mantra Namah Shivaya, which appears in the text of the Śatarudrīya in the eighth anuvaka of Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5.8.1).[4]. It also contains the mantra Aum namah bhagavate rudraya and the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra.[5][6][7][8]

Text

Shri Rudram consists of two chapters (praśna) from the fourth kāṇda (book) of Taittiriya Samhita which is a part of Krishna Yajurveda.[9] Name of the chapters are Namakam (chapter five) and Chamakam (chapter seven) respectively[10]. Shri Rudram's Namakam (chapter five) describes the name or epithets of Rudra, who is a fear-inducing aspect of Shiva. Additionally, the devotee asks for the benevolent aspect of Shiva to be invoked rather in the terrible aspect of Rudra and requests for forgiveness of sins. The Chamakam (chapter seven) asks for the fulfillment of wishes.[11] Each chapter consist of eleven anuvākas or hymns.[12][13][14]

The anuvākas or hymns of Namakam correspond to the eleven hymns of TS 4.5, with the final hymn extended by an additional eight verses, including the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra[15].[16][17] Om Namah Shivaya is also derived from the Shri Rudram, it appears (without the OM) in TS 4.5.8.l[18][19][20][21][22]. The anuvākas or hymns of Chamakam correspond to TS 4.7, asks God for fulfillment of wishes[23].

The earliest homage hymns to Rudra is the Śatarudriya found in the Yajurveda (TS 4.5.1-11, VS 16.1-66).[24][25] C. Fuller maintains that Shri Rudram is based on Śatarudriya.[3]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Śrī Rudram Exosition" (PDF).
  2. ^ "Introduction to rudram". sec. Chamakam.
  3. ^ a b C Fuller (2001), Orality, literacy and memorisation: priestly education in contemporary south India, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 35, Issue 1, pages 14-15 with footnote 6
  4. ^ For notability and text namaḥ śivāya see: Sivaramamurti, pp. 1, 24.
  5. ^ "sri rudram" (PDF). pp. 4–5.
  6. ^ "SRI RUDRAM with meaning" (PDF). sec. Mantra.
  7. ^ "SRI RUDRAM (with CHAMAKAM)" (PDF). sec. mantra 12 of ANUVAKAM 11, page 87.
  8. ^ "Rudram" (PDF). vedic union. p. 2.
  9. ^ "Introduction to Rudram". sec. What is Rudram ?.
  10. ^ "sri rudram".
  11. ^ "Introduction to Rudram". sec. Chamakam.
  12. ^ "Sri rudram Exposition" (PDF).
  13. ^ "Introduction to rudram". sec. What is Rudram ?.
  14. ^ "Sri rudram". sec. First paragraph.
  15. ^ "Si rudram" (PDF). www.skandagurunatha.org. p. 5.
  16. ^ "Rudram" (PDF). sec. Anuvāka 11 of Namakam (Supplement), page 31.
  17. ^ "SRI RUDRAM with meaning" (PDF). sec. Mantras.
  18. ^ "Rudram" (PDF). vedaunion. p. anuvaka 8 of Namakam at page-22.
  19. ^ "sri rudram exposition (search for "namaḥ śivāya ca śivatarāya ca" in the pdf at page 3)" (PDF). vedaunion.org. p. 3.
  20. ^ "sri-rudram" (PDF). skandagurunatha.org. p. 4.
  21. ^ "Sri Rudram - Introduction".
  22. ^ "which verse of sri rudram of yajurveda has word shiva (search as "Most importantly 1st verse of 8th Anuvaka mentions the word Shiva as")". hinduism.stackexchange.
  23. ^ "Sri Rudram". sec. Methods of Chanting Rudra.
  24. ^ Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 71–73. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.
  25. ^ For a full translation of the complete hymn see: Sivaramamurti (1976)

References

  • Flood, Gavin (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43878-0. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Kramrisch, Stella (1981). The Presence of Śiva. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01930-4.
  • Sivaramamurti, C. (1976). Śatarudrīya: Vibhūti of Śiva's Iconography. Delhi: Abhinav Publications.
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