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|<!--Gender identity/expression--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]<ref>http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sweden-ends-forced-sterilization-trans110113</ref>
|<!--Gender identity/expression--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]<ref>http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sweden-ends-forced-sterilization-trans110113</ref>
|-
|-
| {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[LGBT rights in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] <br> <small>{{flagicon|Gibraltar}}(includes [[Gibraltar]])</small>
| {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[LGBT rights in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] <br> <small>{{flagicon|Gibraltar}}(includes [[LGBT rights in Gibraltar|Gibraltar]])</small>
|<!--Legal status--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Male legal in [[England]] and [[Wales]] since 1967, in [[Scotland]] since 1981, in [[Northern Ireland]] since 1982, and in [[Gibraltar]] since 1993. <br> Female always legal <br> + UN decl. sign.<ref name="ILGA"/>
|<!--Legal status--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Male legal in [[England]] and [[Wales]] since 1967, in [[Scotland]] since 1981, in [[Northern Ireland]] since 1982, and in [[Gibraltar]] since 1993. <br> Female always legal <br> + UN decl. sign.<ref name="ILGA"/>
|<!--Civil union--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] [[Civil partnership in the United Kingdom|Civil partnership]] since 2005, in Gibraltar since 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/33/contents|title=Civil Partnership Act 2004|work=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref>
|<!--Civil union--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] [[Civil partnership in the United Kingdom|Civil partnership]] since 2005, in Gibraltar since 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/33/contents|title=Civil Partnership Act 2004|work=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref>
|<!--Same-sex marriage--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal in England, Wales and Scotland since 2014, in Gibraltar since 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|accessdate=29 March 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=29 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|accessdate=29 March 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=29 March 2014}}</ref><br>[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Not recognised or performed in Northern Ireland
|<!--Same-sex marriage--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal in England, Wales and Scotland since 2014, in Gibraltar since 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|accessdate=29 March 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=29 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|accessdate=29 March 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=29 March 2014}}</ref><br>[[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]] Not recognised or performed in Northern Ireland
|<!--Adoption--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009, in Northern Ireland since 2013, and in Gibraltar since 2014<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/new-legislation-sees-gay-scottish-couples-win-right-to-adopt-children-1.921121|title=New legislation sees gay Scottish couples win right to adopt children|last=Thomas|first=Ellen|date=20 September 2009|publisher=The Herald|accessdate=23 September 2009}}</ref><ref>http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/united-kingdom.html</ref><br>(+automatic co-parent recognition)<ref> legislation.gov.uk [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/22/part/2/crossheading/cases-in-which-woman-to-be-other-parent ''Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008: Cases in which woman to be other parent'']</ref>
|<!--Adoption--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009, in Northern Ireland since 2013, and in Gibraltar since 2014<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/new-legislation-sees-gay-scottish-couples-win-right-to-adopt-children-1.921121|title=New legislation sees gay Scottish couples win right to adopt children|last=Thomas|first=Ellen|date=20 September 2009|publisher=The Herald|accessdate=23 September 2009}}</ref><ref>http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/united-kingdom.html</ref><ref> legislation.gov.uk [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/22/part/2/crossheading/cases-in-which-woman-to-be-other-parent ''Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008: Cases in which woman to be other parent'']</ref>
|<!--Military--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]
|<!--Military--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]
|<!--Anti-discrimination--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Bans '''all''' anti-gay discrimination<ref>[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2008/ukpga_20080004_en_9#pt5-pb3-l1g74 Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name="ILGA"/><br>[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] but the UK Public Order Act 1986 under section 29JA “Protection of freedom of expression (sexual orientation)” still discriminates LGBT+ persons providing unfair advantages to anti-LGBT offenders<ref>[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1986/64]</ref> Bans some anti-gay discrimination in Gibraltar
|<!--Anti-discrimination--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Bans '''all''' anti-gay discrimination<ref>[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2008/ukpga_20080004_en_9#pt5-pb3-l1g74 Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name="ILGA"/><br>[[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] but the UK Public Order Act 1986 under section 29JA “Protection of freedom of expression (sexual orientation)” still discriminates LGBT+ persons providing unfair advantages to anti-LGBT offenders<ref>[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1986/64]</ref> Bans some anti-gay discrimination in Gibraltar

Revision as of 18:28, 20 May 2019

Overall

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
European Union European Union Yes Legal in all 28 member states.[1] Yes/No Legal in 23/28 member states.
 Yes/No Legal in 14/28 member states.
 Yes/No Joint adoption legal in 14/28 member states.
Step-child adoption legal in 18/28 member states. 		Yes/No Legal in 27/28 member states.
 Yes/No Membership requires a state to ban anti-gay discrimination in employment only. Yes Legal in 26/28 member states.[2]

Member States

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Austria Austria Yes Legal since 1971[3]
+ UN decl. sign. 		Yes Registered partnership since 2010[4] Yes Legal since 2019[5] Yes Step-child adoption since 2013.
Joint adoption since 2016.[6][7]
(+automatic co-parent recognition)[8] 		Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Gender change is legal.[10]
Belgium Belgium Yes Legal nationwide since 1975
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Legal cohabitation since 2000[11] Yes Legal since 2003[12][13][14] Yes Legal since 2006[15]
(+automatic co-parent recognition)[16] 		Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Since 2018, name changes does not require sex changes and (legal and physical) sex changes does not require sterilisation[17].
Bulgaria Bulgaria Yes Legal since 1968
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		No No Constitutionally banned since 1991[18] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples.[19] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity, but requires sterilisation for change[20][21]
Croatia Croatia Yes Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Life partnership since 2014[22] No Constitutionally banned since the 2013 referendum.[23] Yes/No Partner-guardianship since 2014 (parental responsibility and a permanent next-of-kins relationship between a life partner and their partner's child which is registered in the child's birth certificate) Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9][24] Yes Act on the elimination of discrimination bans all types discrimination based on both gender identity and gender expression. Gender change is regulated by special policy issued by Ministry of Health.[25]
Cyprus Cyprus Yes Legal since 1998
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Civil cohabitation since 2015[26] No No No (The only EU country to ban LGBT people in the military, not enforced)[27] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.[28]

No Gender change is not legal.

Czech Republic Czech Republic Yes Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia)
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Registered partnership since 2006[29] No Pending[30] No LGBT individuals in a registered partnership may adopt;[31] stepchild and joint adoption pending[32] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Legal recognition is granted and birth certificate is amended[failed verification] after reassignment surgery (with mandatory sterilisation).[33]
Denmark Denmark Yes Legal since 1933
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Registered partnership from 1989 to 2012 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[34] Yes Legal since 2012[35][36] Yes Step-child adoption since 1999.
Joint adoption since 2010.[37]
(+automatic co-parent recognition)[38] 		Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy.[39]
Estonia Estonia Yes Legal since 1992
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Cohabitation agreement since 2016[40] Yes/No Marriage performed abroad recognized since 2016[41] Yes/No Step-child adoption since 2016. Couples where both partners are infertile may also jointly adopt non-biological children since 2016 Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Gender reassignment legal.[33]
Finland Finland
Åland(includes Åland Islands) 		Yes Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Registered partnership from 2002 to 2017 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[42] Yes Legal since 2017[43] Yes Step-child adoption since 2009.
Joint adoption since 2017. 		Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Legal change and recognition is possible only with sterilisation.[44]
France France Yes Legal nationwide since 1791
Legal in Savoy since 1792
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[45] Yes Legal since 2013[46] Yes Legal since 2013[47] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Since 2017, sex changes no longer requires sterilisation.[48]
Germany Germany Yes Legal in East Germany since 1968
Legal in West Berlin and West Germany since 1969
+ UN decl. sign.[3][49] 		Yes Registered life partnership from 2001 to 2017 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[50] Yes Legal since 2017[51] Yes Step-child adoption since 2005.
Successive adoption since 2013.
Joint adoption since 2017.[51] 		Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[52][53] Yes Gender change is legal.[54]
Greece Greece Yes Legal since 1951 + UN decl. sign.[3] Yes Civil union since 2015[55] No No Same-sex couples in a civil partnership may become foster parents;[56] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Under the Legal Gender Recognition Act 2017.[57][58]
Hungary Hungary Yes Legal since 1962
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Registered partnership since 2009[59] No [60][61]
Constitutionally banned since 2012.[62][63] 		No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[61] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Transgender people allowed to change gender without undergoing surgery[64]
Republic of Ireland Ireland Yes Male legal since 1993
Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Civil partnership from 2011 to 2015. (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[65] Yes Legal since 2015 after a constitutional referendum.[66] Yes Legal since 2017[67][68][69][70][71][72] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[73][74][75] Yes Gender Recognition Act 2015 [76]
Italy Italy Yes Legal since 1890
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Civil union since 2016[77][78] No/Yes One same-sex marriage was recognized in 2017[79] No/Yes Stepchild adoption admitted by the Court of Cassation since 2016[80][81] Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Since 1982 legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender.[82] The Court of Cassation decided in 2015 that sterilisation is not required.[83]
Latvia Latvia Yes Legal since 1992
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		No No Constitutionally banned since 2006[84] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples.[85] Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Documents are amended accordingly, no medical intervention required.[86]
Lithuania Lithuania Yes Legal since 1993
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		No (Cohabitation agreement pending)[87] No Constitutionally banned since 1992[88] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples.[89] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Gender change is legal since 2003.[90]
Luxembourg Luxembourg Yes Legal since 1795
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Registered Partnership since 2004[91] Yes Legal since 2015[92][93] Yes Legal since 2015[94] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[95] Yes No divorce, sterilization and/or surgery legally required since September 2018 for change of gender[96][64]
Malta Malta Yes Legal since 1973
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Civil union since 2014[97] Yes Legal since 2017 Yes Legal since 2014 Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016 		Yes Since 2015.[98]
Netherlands Netherlands Yes Legal since 1811
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Registered partnership since 1998[99] Yes Legal since 2001[100] Yes Legal since 2001[101][102] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[103] Yes Since 2014, sex changes do not require sterilisation and surgery[104][105]
Poland Poland Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		No/Yes Unregistered cohabitation since 2012;
registered partnership proposed 2019 		No Constitutional ban since 1997[106] (Article 18 of the Constitution is generally interpreted as limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples[107][108][109][110][111][112])[a] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples.[115] Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes
Portugal Portugal Yes Legal since 1983
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes De facto union since 2001[116][117] Yes Legal since 2010[118] Yes Legal since 2016[119][120][121] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[9] Yes Since 2011. All documents can be amended to the recognised gender.[122]
Romania Romania Yes Legal since 1996
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		No/Yes Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018;[123] No Constitutional ban rejected No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[124] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Legal recognition after sex reassignment surgery (sterilisation mandatory)[64]
Slovakia Slovakia Yes Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia)
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		No/Yes some limited rights for unregistered cohabiting same-sex couples since 2018;
Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 		No Constitutionally banned since 2014[125] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples.[126] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[127][128] Yes (Requires sterilisation for change[33])
Slovenia Slovenia Yes Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Registered partnership since 2006[129];
Rmegistered cohabitation since 2017[130] 		No Yes/No Step-child adoption since 2011[131] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes Gender change is legal.[132]
Spain Spain Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes De facto union in Catalonia (1998),[133] Aragon (1999),[133] Navarre (2000),[133] Castile-La Mancha (2000),[133] Valencia (2001),[134] the Balearic Islands (2001),[135] Madrid (2001),[133] Asturias (2002),[136] Castile and León (2002),[137] Andalusia (2002),[133] the Canary Islands (2003),[133] Extremadura (2003),[133] Basque Country (2003),[133] Cantabria (2005),[138] Galicia (2008)[139] La Rioja (2010),[140] and Murcia (2018),[141][142] and in both autonomous cities; Ceuta (1998)[143] and Melilla (2008).[144] Yes Legal since 2005[145] Yes Legal since 2005[146][147] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Andalusia, Madrid, Murcia and Valencia 		Yes Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[148]
Sweden Sweden Yes Legal since 1944
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Registered partnership from 1995 to 2009 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[149] Yes Legal since 2009[150] Yes Legal since 2003[151]
(+automatic co-parent recognition)[152] 		Yes [153] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[9] Yes[154]
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Gibraltar(includes Gibraltar) 		Yes Male legal in England and Wales since 1967, in Scotland since 1981, in Northern Ireland since 1982, and in Gibraltar since 1993.
Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[3] 		Yes Civil partnership since 2005, in Gibraltar since 2014[155] Yes Legal in England, Wales and Scotland since 2014, in Gibraltar since 2016.[156][157]
No Not recognised or performed in Northern Ireland 		Yes Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009, in Northern Ireland since 2013, and in Gibraltar since 2014[158][159][160] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[161][3]
Yes but the UK Public Order Act 1986 under section 29JA “Protection of freedom of expression (sexual orientation)” still discriminates LGBT+ persons providing unfair advantages to anti-LGBT offenders[162] Bans some anti-gay discrimination in Gibraltar 		Yes Gender Recognition Act 2004
No Not legal in Gibraltar


Notes

  1. ^ In January 2019, a lower administrative court in Warsaw ruled that the language in Article 18 of the Constitution does not explicitly ban same-sex marriage.[113] The justification of the ruling regarding the meaning of Article 18 is not binding. The sentence is binding only on the parties in the proceedings.[114]

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ^ Perspective: what has the EU done for LGBT rights?, Café Babel, 17 May 2010
  2. ^ What is the current legal situation in the EU?, ILGA Europe
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  4. ^ Template:De icon Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Eingetragene Partnerschaft-Gesetz
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  13. ^ "Belgium legalizes gay marriage". UPI. 31 January 2003.
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  16. ^ Template:Fr iconTemplate:Nl Belgian Official Gazette Loi du 5 mai 2014 portant établissement de la filiation de la coparente, as amended by loi du 18 décembre 2014 modifiant le Code civil, le code de droit international privé, le Code consulaire, la loi du 5 mai 2014 portant établissement de la filiation de la coparente et la loi du 8 mai 2014 modifiant le Code civil en vue d’instaurer l’égalité de l’homme et de la femme dans le mode de transmission du nom à l’enfant et à l’adopté
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  38. ^ Template:Da Retsinformation.dk Børneloven
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  42. ^ Template:Sv icon Lag om registrerat partnerskap
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  60. ^ Template:Hu icon T/5423 Magyarország Alaptörvényének 6. módosítása
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  78. ^ http://www.gaypost.it/presidente-mattarella-firmato-la-legge-sulle-unioni-civili/
  79. ^ Same-sex marriages performed abroad won't be recognized in Italy
  80. ^ Template:It icon "Adozioni gay, la Corte d'Appello di Roma conferma: sì a due mamme". Corriere della Sera.
  81. ^ Template:It icon"Cassazione, via libera alla stepchild adoption in casi particolari". Repubblica.
  82. ^ Template:It icon "Legge 14 Aprile 1982, n. 164 (GU n. 106 del 19/04/1982) Norme in Materia di Rettificazione di Attribuzione di Sesso". Archived from the original on 23 May 2007.
  83. ^ Court of Cassation judgment of 21 May 2015
  84. ^ "President Signs Anti-Gay Constitutional Amendment". UK Gay News. December 21, 2005. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  85. ^ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/latvia.html
  86. ^ Template:Lv icon Cik viegli pārvērsties no Ievas par Ādamu?
  87. ^ http://www.lgl.lt/en/?p=17403
  88. ^ "CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA".
  89. ^ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/lithuania.html
  90. ^ Template:Lt icon Lietuvos Respublikos Civilinis kodeksas (Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania
  91. ^ Template:Fr icon Loi du 9 juillet 2004 relative aux effets légaux de certains partenariats
  92. ^ Same-sex marriages from January 1
  93. ^ Same-Sex Marriage in Luxembourg from 1 January 2015
  94. ^ http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/archives/2014/0125/a125.pdf
  95. ^ Template:Fr icon Mémorial A n° 207 de 2006
  96. ^ "Luxembourg makes status change for transgender people easier". Luxembourg Times. 27 July 2018.
  97. ^ AN ACT to regulate civil unions and to provide for matters connected therewith or ancillary thereto
  98. ^ Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Bill
  99. ^ Waaldijk, Kees. "Major legal consequences of marriage, cohabitation and registered partnership for different-sex and same-sex partners in the Netherlands" (PDF). INED. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  100. ^ "Gay Marriage Goes Dutch". CBS News. Associated Press. 1 April 2001. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  101. ^ ttp://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/netherlands.html
  102. ^ Template:Nl Staatsblad Wet van 25 november 2013 tot wijziging van Boek 1 van het Burgerlijk Wetboek in verband met het juridisch ouderschap van de vrouwelijke partner van de moeder anders dan door adoptie
  103. ^ https://www.government.nl/topics/discrimination/contents/prohibition-of-discrimination
  104. ^ Dutch Transgender Rights Bill Approved By Senate
  105. ^ "The Netherlands Passes Landmark Gender Identity Law".
  106. ^ "The Constitution of the Republic of Poland". Sejm RP. Retrieved 5 May 2015. Marriage, being a union of a man and a woman, as well as the family, motherhood and parenthood, shall be placed under the protection and care of the Republic of Poland.
  107. ^ Judgment of the Supreme Court of 7 July 2004, II KK 176/04, W dotychczasowym orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego, wypracowanym i ugruntowanym zarówno w okresie obowiązywania poprzedniego, jak i obecnego Kodeksu postępowania karnego, a także w doktrynie (por. wypowiedzi W. Woltera, A. Zolla, A. Wąska), pojęcie "wspólne pożycie" odnoszone jest wyłącznie do konkubinatu, a w szczególności do związku osób o różnej płci, odpowiadającego od strony faktycznej stosunkowi małżeństwa (którym w myśl art. 18 Konstytucji jest wyłącznie związek osób różnej płci). Tego rodzaju interpretację Sąd Najwyższy, orzekający w niniejszej sprawie, w pełni podziela i nie znajduje podstaw do uznania za przekonywujące tych wypowiedzi pojawiających się w piśmiennictwie, w których podejmowane są próby kwestionowania takiej interpretacji omawianego pojęcia i sprowadzania go wyłącznie do konkubinatu (M. Płachta, K. Łojewski, A.M. Liberkowski). Rozumiejąc bowiem dążenia do rozszerzającej interpretacji pojęcia "wspólne pożycie", użytego w art. 115 § 11 k.k., należy jednak wskazać na całkowity brak w tym względzie dostatecznie precyzyjnych kryteriów.
  108. ^ "Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 11 May 2005, K 18/04". Polska Konstytucja określa bowiem małżeństwo jako związek wyłącznie kobiety i mężczyzny. A contrario nie dopuszcza więc związków jednopłciowych. [...] Małżeństwo (jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny) uzyskało w prawie krajowym RP odrębny status konstytucyjny zdeterminowany postanowieniami art. 18 Konstytucji. Zmiana tego statusu byłaby możliwa jedynie przy zachowaniu rygorów trybu zmiany Konstytucji, określonych w art. 235 tego aktu.
  109. ^ "Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 9 November 2010, SK 10/08". W doktrynie prawa konstytucyjnego wskazuje się nadto, że jedyny element normatywny, dający się odkodować z art. 18 Konstytucji, to ustalenie zasady heteroseksualności małżeństwa.
  110. ^ "Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 25 October 2016, II GSK 866/15". Ustawa o świadczeniach zdrowotnych finansowanych ze środków publicznych nie wyjaśnia, co prawda, kto jest małżonkiem. Pojęcie to zostało jednak dostatecznie i jasno określone we wspomnianym art. 18 Konstytucji RP, w którym jest mowa o małżeństwie jako o związku kobiety i mężczyzny. W piśmiennictwie podkreśla się, że art. 18 Konstytucji ustala zasadę heteroseksualności małżeństwa, będącą nie tyle zasadą ustroju, co normą prawną, która zakazuje ustawodawcy zwykłemu nadawania charakteru małżeństwa związkom pomiędzy osobami jednej płci (vide: L. Garlicki Komentarz do art. 18 Konstytucji, s. 2-3 [w:] Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Komentarz, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2003). Jest wobec tego oczywiste, że małżeństwem w świetle Konstytucji i co za tym idzie - w świetle polskiego prawa, może być i jest wyłącznie związek heteroseksualny, a więc w związku małżeńskim małżonkami nie mogą być osoby tej samej płci.
  111. ^ "Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 28 February 2018, II OSK 1112/16". art. 18 Konstytucji RP, który definiuje małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny, a tym samym wynika z niego zasada nakazująca jako małżeństwo traktować w Polsce jedynie związek heteroseksualny.
  112. ^
    • Same-Sex Couples before National, Supranational and International Jurisdictions. Berlin: Springer. 2014. p. 215. ISBN 9783642354342. the drafters of the 1997 Polish Constitution included a legal definition of a marriage as the union of a woman and a man in the text of the constitution in order to ensure that the introduction of same-sex marriage would not be passed without a constitutional amendment. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
    • Konstytucja RP. Tom I. Komentarz do art. 1-86. Warszawa: C.H. Beck Wydawnictwo Polska. 2016. ISBN 9788325573652. Z przeprowadzonej powyżej analizy prac nad Konstytucją RP wynika jednoznacznie, że zamieszczenie w art. 18 Konstytucji RP zwrotu definicyjnego "związek kobiety i mężczyzny" stanowiło reakcję na fakt pojawienia się w państwach obcych regulacji poddającej związki osób tej samej płci regulacji zbliżonej lub zbieżnej z instytucją małżeństwa. Uzupełniony tym zwrotem przepis konstytucyjny "miał pełnić rolę instrumentu zapobiegającego wprowadzeniu takiej regulacji do prawa polskiego" (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772). Innego motywu jego wprowadzenia do Konstytucji RP nie da się wskazać (szeroko w tym zakresie B. Banaszkiewicz, "Małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny", s. 640 i n.; zob. też Z. Strus, Znaczenie artykułu 18 Konstytucji, s. 236 i n.). Jak zauważa A. Mączyński istotą tej regulacji było normatywne przesądzenie nie tylko o niemożliwości unormowania w prawie polskim "małżeństw pomiędzy osobami tej samej płci", lecz również innych związków, które mimo tego, że nie zostałyby określone jako małżeństwo miałyby spełniać funkcje do niego podobną (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772; tenże, Konstytucyjne i międzynarodowe uwarunkowania, s. 91; podobnie L. Garlicki, Artykuł 18, w: Garlicki, Konstytucja, t. 3, uw. 4, s. 2, który zauważa, że w tym zakresie art. 18 nabiera "charakteru normy prawnej"). {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
    • Scherpe JM, ed. (2016). European Family Law Volume III: Family Law in a European Perspective Family. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 9781785363047. Constitutional bans on same-sex marriage are now applicable in ten European countries: Article 32, Belarus Constitution; Article 46 Bulgarian Constitution; Article L Hungarian Constitution, Article 110, Latvian Constitution; Article 38.3 Lithuanian Constitution; Article 48 Moldovan Constitution; Article 71 Montenegrin Constitution; Article 18 Polish Constitution; Article 62 Serbian Constitution; and Article 51 Ukrainian Constitution.
    • Stewart J, Lloyd KC (2016). "Marriage Equality in Europe". Family Advocate. 38 (4): 37–40. Article 18 of the Polish Constitution limits the institution of marriage to opposite-sex couples.
  113. ^ "IV SA/Wa 2618/18 - Wyrok WSA w Warszawie". 8 January 2019.
  114. ^ "Commentary regarding the ruling of the Administrative Court of Warsaw on January 8, 2019". Ordo Iuris. 12 February 2019.
  115. ^ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/poland.html
  116. ^ Template:Pt icon Law no. 7/2001, from 11 May (specifically Article 1, no. 1).
  117. ^ Template:Pt icon AR altera lei das uniões de facto
  118. ^ Law no. 9/2010, from 30th May.
  119. ^ Template:Pt icon Lei 17/2016 de 20 de junho
  120. ^ Template:Pt icon Lei que alarga a procriação medicamente assistida publicada em Diário da República
  121. ^ Template:Pt icon Todas as mulheres com acesso à PMA a 1 de Agosto
  122. ^ http://www.lgbt-ep.eu/press-releases/meps-welcome-new-gender-change-law-in-portugal-concerned-about-lithuania/
  123. ^ "Decizie istorică a CCR în privința căsătoriilor gay". Digi 24. 18 July 2018.
  124. ^ "Romania". travel.state.gov.
  125. ^ "Disputed revision to constitution sails through parliament". The Slovak Spectator. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  126. ^ https://adoption.com/forums/thread/316200/adopting-in-slovakia/
  127. ^ "Homophobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the EU Member States Part II: The Social Situation" (PDF). fra.europa.eu.
  128. ^ Petit Press a.s. "Law change criminalises homophobia". spectator.sme.sk.
  129. ^ "Zakon o registraciji istospolne partnerske skupnosti". uradni-list.si (in Slovenian).
  130. ^ "Zakon o partnerski zvezi". uradni-list.si (in Slovenian).
  131. ^ First Adoption by Gay Partner of Child's Parent
  132. ^ Weber, Nana (April 25, 2013). "Sprememba spola v Sloveniji". Pravna praksa (in Slovenian) (16–17). GV Založba. ISSN 0352-0730.
  133. ^ a b c d e f g h i Galán, José Ignacio Pichardo. "Same-sex couples in Spain. Historical, contextual and symbolic factors" (PDF). Institut national d'études démographiques. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  134. ^ "Ley 1/2001, de 6 de abril, por la que se regulan las uniones de hecho". Noticias Juridicas. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  135. ^ "Llei 18/2001 de 19 de desembre, de parelles estables" (in Catalan). Govern de les Illes Balears. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  136. ^ "LEY 4/2002, de 23 de mayo, de Parejas Estables" (PDF) (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  137. ^ "DECRETO 117/2002, de 24 de octubre, por el que se crea el Registro de Uniones de Hecho en Castilla y León y se regula su funcionamiento" (PDF) (in Spanish). Junta de Castilla y León. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  138. ^ "Ley de Cantabria 1/2005, de 16 de mayo, de Parejas de Hecho de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria" (in Spanish). Noticias Juridicas. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  139. ^ "Decreto 248/2007, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se crea y se regula el Registro de Parejas de Hecho de Galicia" (in Spanish). Noticias Juridicas. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  140. ^ "Decreto 30/2010, de 14 de mayo, por el que se crea el Registro de Parejas de Hecho de La Rioja" (in Spanish). El Gobierno de La Rioja. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  141. ^ Template:Es icon PROPOSICIÓN DE LEY DE PAREJAS DE HECHO DE LA COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE LA REGIÓN DE MURCIA
  142. ^ Template:Es icon Murcia será en junio la última comunidad en regular por ley las parejas de hecho
  143. ^ Reglamento regulador del Registro de Uniones de Hecho
  144. ^ REGLAMENTO REGULADOR DEL REGISTRO DE PAREJAS DE HEC HO DE LA CIUDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MELILLA
  145. ^ "Spain approves liberal gay marriage law". St. Petersburg Times. 2005-07-01. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
  146. ^ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/spain.html
  147. ^ Template:Es Boletín Oficial del Estado Ley 14/2006, de 26 de mayo, sobre técnicas de reproducción humana asistida (see Article 7)
  148. ^ Template:Es icon Ley 3/2007, de 15 de marzo, reguladora de la rectificación registral de la mención relativa al sexo de las personas
  149. ^ http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/sfs/20090253.pdf
  150. ^ "Gays Win Marriage Rights". Sveriges Radio English. 1 April 2009.
  151. ^ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/sweden.html
  152. ^ Template:Sv Sveriges Riksdag Föräldrabalk
  153. ^ Fia Sundevall & Alma Persson (2016) "LGBT in the Military: Policy Development in Sweden 1944–2014", Sexuality Research and Social Policy, June 2016, Volume 13, Issue 2, pp 119-129, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13178-015-0217-6/fulltext.html
  154. ^ http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sweden-ends-forced-sterilization-trans110113
  155. ^ "Civil Partnership Act 2004". legislation.gov.uk.
  156. ^ "Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed". BBC News. 29 March 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  157. ^ "Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed". BBC News. 29 March 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  158. ^ Thomas, Ellen (20 September 2009). "New legislation sees gay Scottish couples win right to adopt children". The Herald. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  159. ^ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/united-kingdom.html
  160. ^ legislation.gov.uk Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008: Cases in which woman to be other parent
  161. ^ Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)
  162. ^ [4]

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.


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