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{{Infobox noble
{{Infobox noble|name=Yoshiko|title=Imperial Princess|native_name=徳川吉子
|name = Yoshiko
⚫
|native_name_lang
=ja|image=Princess_Yoshiko.jpg
|image = Princess_Yoshiko.jpg
| caption = Princess Yoshiko in later life
⚫
|birth_name=Tominomiya}}{{Under construction|section=|placedby=[[User:Omotecho|Omotecho]] ([[User talk:Omotecho|talk]])|time=20:24, 25 June 2019 (UTC)}}
| alt = A portrait of Japanese noble lady Yoshiko Tokugawa in late 19th century.
⚫
'''Princess Yoshiko'''（28 October 1804 &amp;ndash; 27 January 1893）was the younger sister of His Imperial Highness Prince Tsunahito of [[Arisugawa-no-miya]]. Yoshiko married to [[Tokugawa Nariaki]], the 9th feudal load of [[Mito Domain]]. She was the mother to the 10th load Yoshiatsu as well as the 15th and the last Chief of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]]. Called Tominomiya when very young, and before coming to [[Edo]] from [[Kyoto]]. Named Teihoin 貞芳院 surviving her husband, then called Madam Bummei [[Posthumous name|post humously]] when she died in 1893 at the age of 89 in Tokyo. Tokugawa Yoshiko rests at Zuiryusan temple, the official [[Bodhi]] temple of Mito clan in [[Ibaraki Prefecture]]'''<ref>{{Cite book|script-title=徳川将軍家墓碑総覧|last=秋元茂陽|publisher=パレードブックス|year=2008|isbn=9784434114885|page=162|chapter=十五代徳川慶喜 : 生母吉子|}}</ref>。'''
| CoA =
| more = no
| succession =
| reign =
| reign-type =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| suc-type =
| spouse = [[Tokugawa Nariaki]]
| spouse-type = Feudal lord
| issue = [[Tokugawa Yoshiatsu]] her eldest son, [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] her third child
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
| full name = Tokugawa Yoshiko
| native_name = 徳川吉子
⚫
| native_name_lang = ja
| styles =
| titles = Imperial Princess, the first wife of feudal lord Tokugawa Nariaki of Mito clan
| noble family = [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], the last Chief of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]
| house-type =
| father = Prince Orihito of [[Arisugawa-no-miya]]<br />(twelfth and the last daughter)
| mother = Ando Kiyoko
| birth_name = Arisugawa-no-miya Tomi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1804|10|28}} <!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| birth_place =
| christening_date =
| christening_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1893|01|27|1804|10|28|df=y}} <!--28 October 1804 &ndash; 27 January 1893 {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| death_place = Tokyo
| burial_date =
| burial_place = Mito, Ibaraki Prefecture
| religion = Buddhist
| occupation =
| memorials =
| website = <!-- {{{URL|example.com}} -->
| module =
}}

⚫
{{Under construction|section=|placedby=[[User:Omotecho|Omotecho]] ([[User talk:Omotecho|talk]])|time=20:24, 25 June 2019 (UTC)}}
⚫
'''Princess Yoshiko'''（28 October 1804 &ndash; 27 January 1893）was the younger sister of His Imperial Highness Prince Tsunahito of [[Arisugawa-no-miya]]. Yoshiko married to [[Tokugawa Nariaki]], the 9th feudal lord of [[Mito Domain]]. She was the mother to the 10th lord Yoshiatsu as well as the 15th and the last Chief of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]]. Called {{Nihongo|Princess Tomi|登美宮|Tomi no miya}} when very young, and before coming to [[Edo]] from [[Kyoto]]. Named Teihoin 貞芳院 surviving her husband, then called Madam Bummei [[Posthumous name|post humously]] when she died in 1893 at the age of 89 in Tokyo. Tokugawa Yoshiko rests at Zuiryusan temple, the official [[Bodhi]] temple of Mito clan in [[Ibaraki Prefecture]]'''<ref>{{Cite book|script-title=徳川将軍家墓碑総覧|last=秋元茂陽|publisher=パレードブックス|year=2008|isbn=9784434114885|page=162|chapter=十五代徳川慶喜 : 生母吉子|}}</ref>。'''

== Personal history ==
== Personal history ==
Yoshiko, the twelfth and the last daughter was born to His Imperial Highness Prince Orihito of Arisugawanomiya family with a courtesan Ando Kiyoko. One of her elder sisters, Princess Takako, was married to the twelfth shogun [[Tokugawa Ieyoshi]], and others were married to feudal loads, one the wife of [[Asano Narikata]] of [[Hiroshima Domain]] and the other of Mori clan of [[Chōshū Domain]].<ref>{{Cite book|script-title=水戸学随筆|last=西村文則|publisher=昭和刊行会|year=1944|location=東京|pages=128-138|chapter=烈公夫人 貞芳院|doi=10.11501/1038547|id=<!-- {{全国書誌番号|46001378}} -->|}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=廣田吉崇|date=2012-03-30|script-title=<研究ノート> 明治前期の「貴紳の茶の湯」 : 『幟仁親王日記』および『東久世通禧日記』に見る喫茶文化の状況|journal=日本研究|volume=45|pages=185-236|doi=10.15055/00000465|}}</ref>
Yoshiko, the twelfth and the last daughter was born to His Imperial Highness Prince Orihito of Arisugawa-no-miya family with a courtesan Ando Kiyoko. One of her elder sisters, Princess Takako, was married to the twelfth shogun [[Tokugawa Ieyoshi]], and others were married to feudal lords, one the wife of [[Asano Narikata]] of [[Hiroshima Domain]] and the other of Mori clan of [[Chōshū Domain]].<ref>{{Cite book|script-title=水戸学随筆|last=西村文則|publisher=昭和刊行会|year=1944|location=東京|pages=128-138|chapter=烈公夫人 貞芳院|doi=10.11501/1038547|id=<!-- {{全国書誌番号|46001378}} -->|}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=廣田吉崇|date=2012-03-30|script-title=<研究ノート> 明治前期の「貴紳の茶の湯」 : 『幟仁親王日記』および『東久世通禧日記』に見る喫茶文化の状況|journal=日本研究|volume=45|pages=185-236|doi=10.15055/00000465|}}</ref>


In [[1830]] and at the age of 27, Yoshiko was engaged to Nariaki who was 37 but had not had the first wife as he had become the chief of his clan just a year ago. Princess Takako who married a shogun was said to arrange the marrige, and there is a record of [[Emperor Ninkō]]'s comment that Mito clan had been good in both politics and education since (Nariaki's) predecessors. The Mito clan was heard to support the imperial system with enthusiasm for generations, and that the emperor gladly approved the marrige of Princess (Yoshiko) to a feudal load.{{Refn|<ref>芝葛盛『織仁親王行實』(1938・昭和13) 高松宮家。{{ncid|BN1350785X}}</ref><ref>高松宮藏版刊 (1938年刊) の複製。</ref>}}
In [[1830]] and at the age of 27, Yoshiko was engaged to Nariaki who was 37 but had not had the first wife as he had become the chief of his clan just a year ago. Princess Takako who married a shogun was said to arrange the marrige, and there is a record of [[Emperor Ninkō]]'s comment that Mito clan had been good in both politics and education since (Nariaki's) predecessors. The Mito clan was heard to support the imperial system with enthusiasm for generations, and that the emperor gladly approved the marrige of Princess (Yoshiko) to a feudal lord.{{Refn|<ref>芝葛盛『織仁親王行實』(1938・昭和13) 高松宮家。{{ncid|BN1350785X}}</ref><ref>高松宮藏版刊 (1938年刊) の複製。</ref>}}


Among 37 children of Nariaki, Yoshiko was the mother of their first son Yoshiatsu, the seventh son [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu|Yoshinobu]] after an infant died prematurely, and a daughter as the last child.
Among 37 children of Nariaki, Yoshiko was the mother of their first son Yoshiatsu, the seventh son [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu|Yoshinobu]] after an infant died prematurely, and a daughter as the last child.
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* 『覚書幕末の水戸藩』(1974年) [[Yamakawa Kikue|山川菊栄]]、岩波書店。
* 『覚書幕末の水戸藩』(1974年) [[Yamakawa Kikue|山川菊栄]]、岩波書店。


* Yamakawa, Kikue, Kate Wildman Nakai, and Kikue Yamakawa. 1992. "[https://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/25960900?page=frame&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gbv.de%2Fdms%2Fbowker%2Ftoc%2F9780860084778.pdf%26checksum%3Dc054411ab07ed5a382eb27ef33082d57&title=&linktype=digitalObject&detail= Women of the Mito domain: recollections of samurai family life]". [Tokyo]: University of Tokyo Press. {{isbn|4130270281|9784130270281|0860084779|9780860084778}}, {{oclc|25960900}}
* 『近代への曙と公家大名』〈霞会館資料第18輯〉 (1994年）、霞会館資料展示委員会 ; 大久保利謙 ほか (編)、霞会館。
* 『徳川慶喜』（1998年「徳川慶喜展」パンフレット）。


* ''Kindai eno akebono to kuge daimyō [Aristocrats and Daimyo at the Dawn of Modern Age]''. Artifacts Exhibition Committee, Okubo Toshikane, et. al. (ed), (1994). No.18, "Kasumi Kaikan Shiryo".
; Exhibition catalogs
; Exhibition catalogs
* ''Tokugawa, Yoshinobu'' exibition booklet (1998)

* 『将軍のフォトグラフィー : 写真にみる徳川慶喜・昭武兄弟』（1992年）[[Matsudo|松戸市]]戸定歴史館 ; FREE。展覧会カタログ
* 『将軍のフォトグラフィー : 写真にみる徳川慶喜・昭武兄弟』（1992年）[[Matsudo|松戸市]]戸定歴史館 ; FREE。展覧会カタログ
* 『最後の将軍徳川慶喜 : 松戸市制施行五十五周年・明治百三十周年記念』（1998年）松戸市戸定歴史館 ; 松戸市 ; 松戸市教育委員会 (編)、松戸市戸定歴史館。 「戸定邸使者の間・従者の間復原記念」特別展図録。
* 『最後の将軍徳川慶喜 : 松戸市制施行五十五周年・明治百三十周年記念』（1998年）松戸市戸定歴史館 ; 松戸市 ; 松戸市教育委員会 (編)、松戸市戸定歴史館。 「戸定邸使者の間・従者の間復原記念」特別展図録。
* 『鵜飼吉左衛門・幸吉と幕末』〈尾西市歴史民俗資料館特別展図録 no.51〉（1998年）尾西市歴史民俗資料館。吉左衛門生誕200年記念特別展図録。
* 『鵜飼吉左衛門・幸吉と幕末』〈尾西市歴史民俗資料館特別展図録 no.51〉（1998年）尾西市歴史民俗資料館。吉左衛門生誕200年記念特別展図録。
* 『幕末日本と徳川斉昭』（2008年）[[Ibaraki Prefectural Museum of History|茨城県立歴史館]]。
* 『幕末日本と徳川斉昭』（2008年）[[Ibaraki Prefectural Museum of History|茨城県立歴史館]]。

<nowiki>
[[Category:1893 deaths]]
[[Category:1893 deaths]]
[[Category:1804 births]]
[[Category:1804 births]]
[[Category:Arisugawa-no-miya]]</nowiki>
[[Category:Arisugawa-no-miya]]

Revision as of 18:00, 26 June 2019

Yoshiko
A portrait of Japanese noble lady Yoshiko Tokugawa in late 19th century.
Princess Yoshiko in later life
Full name
Tokugawa Yoshiko
Native name徳川吉子
Titles and stylesImperial Princess, the first wife of feudal lord Tokugawa Nariaki of Mito clan
BornArisugawa-no-miya Tomi
Error: Invalid birth date for calculating age
Died27 January 1893(1893-01-27) (aged 88)
Tokyo
BuriedMito, Ibaraki Prefecture
Noble familyTokugawa Yoshinobu, the last Chief of the Tokugawa shogunate
Feudal lordTokugawa Nariaki
IssueTokugawa Yoshiatsu her eldest son, Tokugawa Yoshinobu her third child
FatherPrince Orihito of Arisugawa-no-miya
(twelfth and the last daughter)
MotherAndo Kiyoko

Princess Yoshiko（28 October 1804 – 27 January 1893）was the younger sister of His Imperial Highness Prince Tsunahito of Arisugawa-no-miya. Yoshiko married to Tokugawa Nariaki, the 9th feudal lord of Mito Domain. She was the mother to the 10th lord Yoshiatsu as well as the 15th and the last Chief of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Yoshinobu. Called Princess Tomi (登美宮, Tomi no miya) when very young, and before coming to Edo from Kyoto. Named Teihoin 貞芳院 surviving her husband, then called Madam Bummei post humously when she died in 1893 at the age of 89 in Tokyo. Tokugawa Yoshiko rests at Zuiryusan temple, the official Bodhi temple of Mito clan in Ibaraki Prefecture[1]。

Personal history

Yoshiko, the twelfth and the last daughter was born to His Imperial Highness Prince Orihito of Arisugawa-no-miya family with a courtesan Ando Kiyoko. One of her elder sisters, Princess Takako, was married to the twelfth shogun Tokugawa Ieyoshi, and others were married to feudal lords, one the wife of Asano Narikata of Hiroshima Domain and the other of Mori clan of Chōshū Domain.[2][3]

In 1830 and at the age of 27, Yoshiko was engaged to Nariaki who was 37 but had not had the first wife as he had become the chief of his clan just a year ago. Princess Takako who married a shogun was said to arrange the marrige, and there is a record of Emperor Ninkō's comment that Mito clan had been good in both politics and education since (Nariaki's) predecessors. The Mito clan was heard to support the imperial system with enthusiasm for generations, and that the emperor gladly approved the marrige of Princess (Yoshiko) to a feudal lord.[6]

Among 37 children of Nariaki, Yoshiko was the mother of their first son Yoshiatsu, the seventh son Yoshinobu after an infant died prematurely, and a daughter as the last child.

Yoshiko was known to be fluent in arts, especially waka Japanese poems as well as Japanese calligraphy as the Arisugawa family heritage. Embroidery and playing music on koto and hichiriki was among her hobbies,[a] while after relocating to Mito from Edo, leant to fish at the river down the castle.[8].

As being the younger daughter-in-law to Ieyoshi the twelfth shogun and being an imperial princess, those higher ranks including Ii Naosuke and his followers were said to keep an eye on her if she would advise either the shogun or the emperor on political issues.[b] While Nariaki was detained in Mito for lifetime in 1859 charged to take part in unti-shogun movements at Ansei Purge, it took her three months to obtain permission and move from Edo to Mito and was widowed the next year. Yoshiko followed samurai custom and cut her hair short and made a Pabbajja, renamed as Teihoin (貞芳院).

Later life

Kobuntei villa in Mito city.

Between 1869 and 1873 (2nd 6th years of Meiji), Yoshiko resided in the Kobuntei villa in Kairaku-en garden her late husband has opened. Her stepson Akitake invited Yoshiko to live in his mansion at Koume, Tokyo which was the second residence, or shimo-yashiki, of the Mito clan.[9] She exchanged letters with Yoshinobu, while the samurai culture prohibited Yoshiko to live with her only surviving natural son: he was adopted to Hitotsubashi family and no more regarded as her "family".

Once Yoshiko's position was observed as against the Meiji government as being the mother of Yoshinobu who had opened fire against the government supporters in Kyoto, and on top of that the Mito clan was known to be radically against opening the country to foreign relations and trades. Yoshiko regained family ties with her grand nephew Prince Taruhito of Arisugawa family (1835&ndash;1895) (ja) after she moved to Tokyo and started living with Akitake. Prince Taruhito wrote in his diary that since after January 1873, Yoshiko invited the Prince to her residence, sent gifts when she heard Taruhito was ill, and when the engagement of Prince Taruhito was publicised in June 1873.[10]

Yoshiko recovered her social status when late Nariaki was honored with the rank of Sho-ni-i (ja) post humously in 1873, and she presented Prince Taruhito a stationary Naruhito had handcrafted.[11] She tried to support Prince Taruhito when he lost his daughter, by arranging a gathering at Ikeda Yoshinori (ja), her stepson or Nariaki's fifth son along with other extended family members of Tokugawa of Mito.[12] Princess Ei was among them who was Taruhito's pupil of calligraphy.[c]

Madam Bummei, or her posthumous name was said to be given by her late husband Nariaki even before his death. Yoshiko kept the attire of imperial household for weeks after her marriage, which she wore and posed for a portrait wearing Kosode gown and hakama long skirt. In a letter boxed with that portrait, Nariaki called his wife Yoshiko, not Princess Yoshiko or other names.

Footnotes

Notes

  1. ^ 降嫁にあたって宮中にあがり詠んだ歌が伝わる[7]。

    「天ざかるひなにはあれど櫻花／雲の上まで咲き匂はなん」
  2. ^ 安政5年（1858年）7月の小人目付発大老・老中宛上書には

    「兼々御簾中（＝登美宮吉子）ニは気象も被在之、文筆達者ニ被取廻、女中向之世話は勿論、御家政向或ハ海防之議論抔まで（※ しんにょうに「占」）を被申出候程之義ニ有之候処、此度御処置之次第、殊之外御不平之由ニ而、日光御門主とは御続柄、旁以同意被成候由ニ而、京都江御上書有之候趣噂仕」

    とあり、このことから通常、正室が取り仕切る奥向のことばかりでなく、藩政にも深く関わり、更に国防にも関心を持っていたことが窺える。
  3. ^ 昭武の正室瑛姫は、中院通富の娘。栄姫とも。

Citations

  1. ^ 秋元茂陽 (2008). "十五代徳川慶喜 : 生母吉子". 徳川将軍家墓碑総覧. パレードブックス. p. 162. ISBN 9784434114885. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)
  2. ^ 西村文則 (1944). "烈公夫人 貞芳院". 水戸学随筆. 東京: 昭和刊行会. pp. 128–138. doi:10.11501/1038547. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)
  3. ^ 廣田吉崇 (2012-03-30). <研究ノート> 明治前期の「貴紳の茶の湯」 : 『幟仁親王日記』および『東久世通禧日記』に見る喫茶文化の状況. 日本研究. 45: 185–236. doi:10.15055/00000465. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)
  4. ^ 芝葛盛『織仁親王行實』(1938・昭和13) 高松宮家。NCID BN1350785X
  5. ^ 高松宮藏版刊 (1938年刊) の複製。
  6. ^ [4][5]
  7. ^ 茨城県教育会, ed. (1939). 愛誦集衍義. 水戸: 茨城県教育会. p. 18. doi:10.11501/1437963. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)
  8. ^ 柴桂子 (September 1998). 江戸期おんな考 (9). 桂文庫: 129–152. doi:10.11501/1835480. ISSN 1343-6821. {{cite journal}}: |chapter= ignored (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)
  9. ^ 松戸市戸定歴史館 ; 徳川昭武 ; 徳川慶喜 (2011). 徳川昭武の屋敷 慶喜の住まい : 松戸市戸定歴史館企画展. 松戸市戸定歴史館. pp. 71–77. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ 熾仁親王日記. Vol. 2 (慶応4至明治14年). 熾仁親王 ; 高松宮家. 高松宮家. 1935. pp. 7, 11, 27, 45, 83, 202. Retrieved 2019-06-09. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
  11. ^ 熾仁親王日記 1935, pp. 213.
  12. ^ 熾仁親王日記 1935, pp. 221–222.

References

  • 秋元茂陽「十五代徳川慶喜 : 生母吉子」『徳川将軍家墓碑総覧』(2008)、パレードブックス。
  • 『愛誦集衍義』(1939)、茨城県教育会 (編)、茨城県教育会。
  • 芝葛盛『織仁親王行實』高松宮家、1938年。
  • 「遠山虚舟翁物語並に貞芳院大夫人の御書」『水戸史談 : 故老実歴 附・幾のふの夢』(1905年)、東京 : 中外図書局。
  • 西村文則「烈公夫人 貞芳院」『水戸学随筆』(1944年)、東京 : 昭和刊行会。
  • 『徳川昭武の屋敷 慶喜の住まい : 松戸市戸定歴史館企画展』松戸市戸定歴史館。

Further readings

  • 『覚書幕末の水戸藩』(1974年) 山川菊栄、岩波書店。
  • Kindai eno akebono to kuge daimyō [Aristocrats and Daimyo at the Dawn of Modern Age]. Artifacts Exhibition Committee, Okubo Toshikane, et. al. (ed), (1994). No.18, "Kasumi Kaikan Shiryo".
Exhibition catalogs
  • Tokugawa, Yoshinobu exibition booklet (1998)
  • 『将軍のフォトグラフィー : 写真にみる徳川慶喜・昭武兄弟』（1992年）松戸市戸定歴史館 ; FREE。展覧会カタログ
  • 『最後の将軍徳川慶喜 : 松戸市制施行五十五周年・明治百三十周年記念』（1998年）松戸市戸定歴史館 ; 松戸市 ; 松戸市教育委員会 (編)、松戸市戸定歴史館。 「戸定邸使者の間・従者の間復原記念」特別展図録。
  • 『鵜飼吉左衛門・幸吉と幕末』〈尾西市歴史民俗資料館特別展図録 no.51〉（1998年）尾西市歴史民俗資料館。吉左衛門生誕200年記念特別展図録。
  • 『幕末日本と徳川斉昭』（2008年）茨城県立歴史館。
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