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'''Smile Train''' is a [[nonprofit]] organization and charity providing corrective surgery for children with [[cleft lip and palate|cleft lips and palates]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azcentral.com/community/tempe/articles/20131114ironman-arizona-athletes-raise-funds-smile-train-help-kids.html|title=Ironman Arizona athletes raise funds for Smile Train to help kids|author=Domenico Nicosia|publisher=AZ Central|date=15 November 2013|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref>
'''Smile Train''' is a [[nonprofit]] organization and charity providing corrective surgery for children with [[cleft lip and palate|cleft lips and palates]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azcentral.com/community/tempe/articles/20131114ironman-arizona-athletes-raise-funds-smile-train-help-kids.html|title=Ironman Arizona athletes raise funds for Smile Train to help kids|author=Domenico Nicosia|publisher=AZ Central|date=15 November 2013|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref>


Headquartered in [[New York City]] and founded in 1999, Smile Train provides free corrective cleft surgery in 87 countries,<ref name=chinadaily>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadailyasia.com/life/2013-10/24/content_15094499.html|title=Driven by smiles|author=Liu Zhihua|publisher=China Daily|date=24 October 2013|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> training local doctors and providing hospital funding for the procedures.<ref name=chinadaily/>
Headquartered in [[New York City]] and founded in 1999, Smile Train provides free corrective cleft surgery in 87 countries,<ref name=chinadaily>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadailyasia.com/life/2013-10/24/content_15094499.html|title=Driven by smiles|author=Liu Zhihua|newspaper=China Daily|date=24 October 2013|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref> training local doctors and providing hospital funding for the procedures.<ref name=chinadaily/>


According to ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine, Smile Train is the 72nd largest charity in America.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/smile-train/|title=Smile Train|publisher=''[[Forbes]]''|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref>
According to ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine, Smile Train is the 72nd largest charity in America.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/smile-train/|title=Smile Train|magazine=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=6 May 2014}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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In 1999, Smile Train approached Dr. Court B. Cutting of [[New York University|New York University's]] Virtual Research Laboratory to create training videos, which could be used to train local doctors on how to perform advanced cleft surgery techniques.<ref name=nytimes2>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/health/02clef.html?pagewanted=print&_r=1&&gwh=EFE2B16F1E12C618442EFEB1631982EA&gwt=regi|title=Cleft Palate Practice, Pre-Surgery|author=Amanda Schaffer|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|date=2 August 2005|accessdate=20 May 2014|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> The 3D models used in the videos were based on the [[X-ray computed tomography|CT scan]] of two Chinese patients.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1055/s-2005-925901 |pmc=2884744 |title=The Role of Computer Graphics in Cleft Lip and Palate Education |journal=Seminars in Plastic Surgery |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=286–93 |year=2005 |last1=Oliker |first1=Aaron |last2=Cutting |first2=Court }}</ref> Smile Train distributes the DVDs to local doctors worldwide.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=nytimes2/> The DVDs are available in English, Spanish, and Mandarin.<ref name=virtualsurgery>{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/MCG.2005.26 |pmid=15691163 |title=Virtual surgery brings back smiles |journal=IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=6–11 |year=2005 |last1=Sheppard |first1=L.M }}</ref>
In 1999, Smile Train approached Dr. Court B. Cutting of [[New York University|New York University's]] Virtual Research Laboratory to create training videos, which could be used to train local doctors on how to perform advanced cleft surgery techniques.<ref name=nytimes2>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/02/health/02clef.html?pagewanted=print&_r=1&&gwh=EFE2B16F1E12C618442EFEB1631982EA&gwt=regi|title=Cleft Palate Practice, Pre-Surgery|author=Amanda Schaffer|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|date=2 August 2005|accessdate=20 May 2014|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> The 3D models used in the videos were based on the [[X-ray computed tomography|CT scan]] of two Chinese patients.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1055/s-2005-925901 |pmc=2884744 |title=The Role of Computer Graphics in Cleft Lip and Palate Education |journal=Seminars in Plastic Surgery |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=286–93 |year=2005 |last1=Oliker |first1=Aaron |last2=Cutting |first2=Court }}</ref> Smile Train distributes the DVDs to local doctors worldwide.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=nytimes2/> The DVDs are available in English, Spanish, and Mandarin.<ref name=virtualsurgery>{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/MCG.2005.26 |pmid=15691163 |title=Virtual surgery brings back smiles |journal=IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=6–11 |year=2005 |last1=Sheppard |first1=L.M }}</ref>


Smile Train later used the 3D models of the two Chinese patients to build the first 3D open access virtual surgical simulator, which teaches cleft palate and lip surgery to doctors in developing countries.<ref name=nydaily>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/app-map-human-body-charts-generation-surgery-article-1.1575734|title=App's map of the human body also charts next generation of surgical training |author=Tracy Miller|publisher=''[[New York Daily News]]''|date=10 January 2014|accessdate=20 May 2014}}</ref> The simulator, which was created in partnership with BioDigital Systems, is web-based, open source and available for free.<ref name=nydaily/> It does not require any special hardware to use.<ref name=newsmedicine>{{cite web|url=http://news.medicine.iu.edu/releases/2014/03/smiletrain.shtml|title=IU surgeon leads innovative app to train remote physicians in cleft palate repair|publisher=Indiana University|accessdate=20 May 2014|date=2014-03-12}}</ref> A mobile application is under development.<ref name=newsmedicine/> In September 2014, Smile Train showcased a 3D virtual surgery simulator at [[TEDMED]] 2014 in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|author=Alan Cole |title=Charity's 3D surgery simulator|url = http://www.xperedon.com/news/2823/tech-charity-s-3d-surgery-simulator.html |date=28 July 2014|accessdate=8 August 2014|publisher=Xperedon}}</ref>
Smile Train later used the 3D models of the two Chinese patients to build the first 3D open access virtual surgical simulator, which teaches cleft palate and lip surgery to doctors in developing countries.<ref name=nydaily>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/app-map-human-body-charts-generation-surgery-article-1.1575734|title=App's map of the human body also charts next generation of surgical training |author=Tracy Miller|newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|date=10 January 2014|accessdate=20 May 2014}}</ref> The simulator, which was created in partnership with BioDigital Systems, is web-based, open source and available for free.<ref name=nydaily/> It does not require any special hardware to use.<ref name=newsmedicine>{{cite web|url=http://news.medicine.iu.edu/releases/2014/03/smiletrain.shtml|title=IU surgeon leads innovative app to train remote physicians in cleft palate repair|publisher=Indiana University|accessdate=20 May 2014|date=2014-03-12}}</ref> A mobile application is under development.<ref name=newsmedicine/> In September 2014, Smile Train showcased a 3D virtual surgery simulator at [[TEDMED]] 2014 in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|author=Alan Cole |title=Charity's 3D surgery simulator|url = http://www.xperedon.com/news/2823/tech-charity-s-3d-surgery-simulator.html |date=28 July 2014|accessdate=8 August 2014|publisher=Xperedon}}</ref>


Smile Train maintains Smile Train Express (STX), an internet-based, digital patient record database.<ref name=harvardmagazine/><ref name=virtualsurgery/> STX enables Smile Train to have outside medical experts review patient records and quality of care.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=harvardmagazine/> The charity also boasts a large medical research library with more than 1,000 articles related to clefts accessible online for free.<ref>{{cite web | title = Medical Research Library | publisher = Smile Train | url = http://www.smiletrain.org/medical/medical-research-library/| date = 2015-12-31 }}</ref>
Smile Train maintains Smile Train Express (STX), an internet-based, digital patient record database.<ref name=harvardmagazine/><ref name=virtualsurgery/> STX enables Smile Train to have outside medical experts review patient records and quality of care.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=harvardmagazine/> The charity also boasts a large medical research library with more than 1,000 articles related to clefts accessible online for free.<ref>{{cite web | title = Medical Research Library | publisher = Smile Train | url = http://www.smiletrain.org/medical/medical-research-library/| date = 2015-12-31 }}</ref>
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In addition to partnerships with cleft care organizations, Smile Train has partnered with other individuals organizations in an effort to improve safety and quality at their partner hospitals, such as Dr. [[Atul Gawande]], [[World Health Organization]], World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62323-9 |pmid=21210524 |title=Pulse oximeters breathe life into surgery in poorer nations |journal=The Lancet |volume=377 |issue=9759 |pages=17–8 |year=2011 |last1=Kirby |first1=Tony }}</ref> and Lifebox.<ref>{{cite web | title = Lifebox and Smile Train | publisher = Lifebox | url = http://www.lifebox.org/project-updates/smile-train/}}</ref>
In addition to partnerships with cleft care organizations, Smile Train has partnered with other individuals organizations in an effort to improve safety and quality at their partner hospitals, such as Dr. [[Atul Gawande]], [[World Health Organization]], World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62323-9 |pmid=21210524 |title=Pulse oximeters breathe life into surgery in poorer nations |journal=The Lancet |volume=377 |issue=9759 |pages=17–8 |year=2011 |last1=Kirby |first1=Tony }}</ref> and Lifebox.<ref>{{cite web | title = Lifebox and Smile Train | publisher = Lifebox | url = http://www.lifebox.org/project-updates/smile-train/}}</ref>


Smile Train has a number of corporate partnerships, including Artisanal Cheese,<ref>{{cite web | title = Say Cheese...Share a Smile! | publisher = Artisanal Cheese | url = http://www.artisanalcheese.com/saycheese/}}</ref> Dubai Duty Free,<ref>{{cite web | title = Dubai Duty Free donates US$1.5 million to The Smile Train at Miles for Smiles fun run in Dubai – 21/11/09 | publisher = Moodie Report | url = http://www.moodiereport.com/document.php?c_id=0&doc_id=22439}}</ref> [[Estée Lauder Companies|Estée Lauder]], [[FedEx]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Corporate Partners | publisher = Smile Train | url = http://www.smiletrain.org/about/corporate-partners.html}}</ref> [[QBE Insurance|QBE]]<ref>{{cite web | title = QBE Presents Smile Train with $100,000 Grant | publisher = PR Newswire | url =http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/qbe-presents-smile-train-with-100000-grant-135867848.html}}</ref> The Queens Flowers,<ref>{{cite web | title = Limited-edition Bouquet Blooms at Ahold USA Banners | publisher = Progressive Grocer | url =http://www.progressivegrocer.com/top-stories/headlines/corporate-responsibility/id33354/limited-edition-bouquet-blooms-at-ahold-usa-banners/}}</ref> Mars Retail Group <ref>{{cite web | title = Smile Train, Inc. Announces Partnership with Mars Retail Group, Inc | publisher = Bloomberg Businessweek | url = http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117560507}}</ref> and [[Vertu]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Vertu Constellation Smile | publisher = Vertu | url = http://www.vertu.com/en/collections/constellation/smile.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Vertu Constellation Smile | publisher = YouTube | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SM62tfdw8Y}}</ref> These partnerships, in addition to those in partnership with donors on grassroots efforts, serve to both raise money and spread awareness.
Smile Train has a number of corporate partnerships, including Artisanal Cheese,<ref>{{cite web | title = Say Cheese...Share a Smile! | publisher = Artisanal Cheese | url = http://www.artisanalcheese.com/saycheese/}}</ref> Dubai Duty Free,<ref>{{cite web | title = Dubai Duty Free donates US$1.5 million to The Smile Train at Miles for Smiles fun run in Dubai – 21/11/09 | publisher = Moodie Report | url = http://www.moodiereport.com/document.php?c_id=0&doc_id=22439}}</ref> [[Estée Lauder Companies|Estée Lauder]], [[FedEx]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Corporate Partners | publisher = Smile Train | url = http://www.smiletrain.org/about/corporate-partners.html}}</ref> [[QBE Insurance|QBE]]<ref>{{cite web | title = QBE Presents Smile Train with $100,000 Grant | publisher = PR Newswire | url =http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/qbe-presents-smile-train-with-100000-grant-135867848.html}}</ref> The Queens Flowers,<ref>{{cite web | title = Limited-edition Bouquet Blooms at Ahold USA Banners | publisher = Progressive Grocer | url =http://www.progressivegrocer.com/top-stories/headlines/corporate-responsibility/id33354/limited-edition-bouquet-blooms-at-ahold-usa-banners/}}</ref> Mars Retail Group <ref>{{cite magazine | title = Smile Train, Inc. Announces Partnership with Mars Retail Group, Inc | magazine = Bloomberg Businessweek | url = http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117560507}}</ref> and [[Vertu]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Vertu Constellation Smile | publisher = Vertu | url = http://www.vertu.com/en/collections/constellation/smile.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Vertu Constellation Smile | publisher = YouTube | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SM62tfdw8Y}}</ref> These partnerships, in addition to those in partnership with donors on grassroots efforts, serve to both raise money and spread awareness.


Current and former supporters include: [[Tatyana Ali]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Tatyana Ali Visits Smile Train | publisher = YouTube | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44dnuXPFKbQ}}</ref> [[John Bishop (comedian)|John Bishop]], [[Christie Brinkley]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Christie Brinkley Named Global Ambassador Of World Smile Day 2012 On Behalf Of Smile Train | publisher = PR Newswire | url = http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/christie-brinkley-named-global-ambassador-of-world-smile-day-2012-on-behalf-of-smile-train-170680796.html}}</ref> [[Dean Cain]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Give a Smile: Celebs Help Fix Clefts | publisher = The Daily Activist | url = http://www.thedailyactivist.com/celebrity-charities-smile-train-dean-cain/}}</ref> [[Stephen Colbert]], [[Kevin Connolly (actor)|Kevin Connolly]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Smile Train Welcomes the Holiday Giving Season | publisher = PR Newswire | url = http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/smile-train-welcomes-the-holiday-giving-season-135503713.html}}</ref> [[Walter Cronkite]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Smile Train Suporter, Walter Kronkite | publisher = YouTube | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ac7KndyZrTk}}</ref> [[Erik Estrada]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Erik's Charities | publisher = Erik Estrada Official Web Site | url = http://www.erikestrada.com/partners_charities}}</ref> Lucy Hale, [[Sammi Hanratty]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Sammi Hanratty To Make Charity Visit To Peru | publisher = Look to the Stars, The World of Celebrity Giving | url = http://www.looktothestars.org/news/7248-sammi-hanratty-to-make-charity-visit-to-peru| date = November 2011 }}</ref> [[Rebecca Herbst]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Smile Train and Rebecca Herbst – Changing Lives one Smile at a Time | publisher = Hollywood Today | url = http://www.hollywoodtoday.net/2012/12/14/smile-train-and-rebecca-herbst-changing-lives-one-smile-at-a-time/}}</ref> [[Jane Kaczmarek]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Caught Caring: Jane Kaczmarek and Smile Train | publisher = People | url = http://celebritybabies.people.com/2010/01/21/caught-caring-jane-kaczmarek-and-smile-train/}}</ref> [[Howie Mandel]], [[Mary McCartney]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Vertu and Smile Train Present Their First Charity Handset Constellation Smile With a Private View by Mary McCartney | publisher = McCartney Photo Blog | url = http://mccartneyphoto.blogspot.com/2012/06/vertu-and-smile-train-present-their.html| date = 2012-06-13 }}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]],<ref>{{cite web | title = ACM Lifting Lives My Cause: Reba McEntire- Smile Train | publisher = Academy of Country Music | url = http://acmcountry.staging.busites.com/videos.html?ma_id=1&mc_id=73}}</ref> [[Bette Midler]], [[Jimmy Pardo]],<ref>{{cite news | title = Jimmy Pardo Tells Conan About His 'Pardcast-A-Thon' Podcast For Charity | publisher = Huffington Post | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/21/jimmy-pardo-tells-conan-about-marathon-charity-podcast_n_1105936.html | first=Ross | last=Luippold | date=November 21, 2011}}</ref> [[General Colin Powell]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Smile Train's 10 Year Anniversary Celebration | publisher = WireImage | url = http://www.wireimage.com/celebrity-pictures/Jane-Kaczmarek-Alma-Powell-and-Colin-Powell-attend-Smile-Trains-10/85472787}}</ref> [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]],<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> [[Carly Simon]] and [[Hilary Swank]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Celebrity Supporters | publisher = Smile Train | url = http://www.smiletrain.org/about/celebrity-supporters.html}}</ref>
Current and former supporters include: [[Tatyana Ali]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Tatyana Ali Visits Smile Train | publisher = YouTube | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44dnuXPFKbQ}}</ref> [[John Bishop (comedian)|John Bishop]], [[Christie Brinkley]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Christie Brinkley Named Global Ambassador Of World Smile Day 2012 On Behalf Of Smile Train | publisher = PR Newswire | url = http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/christie-brinkley-named-global-ambassador-of-world-smile-day-2012-on-behalf-of-smile-train-170680796.html}}</ref> [[Dean Cain]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Give a Smile: Celebs Help Fix Clefts | publisher = The Daily Activist | url = http://www.thedailyactivist.com/celebrity-charities-smile-train-dean-cain/}}</ref> [[Stephen Colbert]], [[Kevin Connolly (actor)|Kevin Connolly]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Smile Train Welcomes the Holiday Giving Season | publisher = PR Newswire | url = http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/smile-train-welcomes-the-holiday-giving-season-135503713.html}}</ref> [[Walter Cronkite]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Smile Train Suporter, Walter Kronkite | publisher = YouTube | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ac7KndyZrTk}}</ref> [[Erik Estrada]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Erik's Charities | publisher = Erik Estrada Official Web Site | url = http://www.erikestrada.com/partners_charities}}</ref> Lucy Hale, [[Sammi Hanratty]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Sammi Hanratty To Make Charity Visit To Peru | publisher = Look to the Stars, The World of Celebrity Giving | url = http://www.looktothestars.org/news/7248-sammi-hanratty-to-make-charity-visit-to-peru| date = November 2011 }}</ref> [[Rebecca Herbst]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Smile Train and Rebecca Herbst – Changing Lives one Smile at a Time | publisher = Hollywood Today | url = http://www.hollywoodtoday.net/2012/12/14/smile-train-and-rebecca-herbst-changing-lives-one-smile-at-a-time/}}</ref> [[Jane Kaczmarek]],<ref>{{cite magazine | title = Caught Caring: Jane Kaczmarek and Smile Train | magazine = People | url = http://celebritybabies.people.com/2010/01/21/caught-caring-jane-kaczmarek-and-smile-train/}}</ref> [[Howie Mandel]], [[Mary McCartney]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Vertu and Smile Train Present Their First Charity Handset Constellation Smile With a Private View by Mary McCartney | publisher = McCartney Photo Blog | url = http://mccartneyphoto.blogspot.com/2012/06/vertu-and-smile-train-present-their.html| date = 2012-06-13 }}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]],<ref>{{cite web | title = ACM Lifting Lives My Cause: Reba McEntire- Smile Train | publisher = Academy of Country Music | url = http://acmcountry.staging.busites.com/videos.html?ma_id=1&mc_id=73}}</ref> [[Bette Midler]], [[Jimmy Pardo]],<ref>{{cite news | title = Jimmy Pardo Tells Conan About His 'Pardcast-A-Thon' Podcast For Charity | work = Huffington Post | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/21/jimmy-pardo-tells-conan-about-marathon-charity-podcast_n_1105936.html | first=Ross | last=Luippold | date=November 21, 2011}}</ref> [[General Colin Powell]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Smile Train's 10 Year Anniversary Celebration | publisher = WireImage | url = http://www.wireimage.com/celebrity-pictures/Jane-Kaczmarek-Alma-Powell-and-Colin-Powell-attend-Smile-Trains-10/85472787}}</ref> [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]],<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> [[Carly Simon]] and [[Hilary Swank]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Celebrity Supporters | publisher = Smile Train | url = http://www.smiletrain.org/about/celebrity-supporters.html}}</ref>


==Recognition==
==Recognition==
In a 2008 ''[[New York Times]]'' article, economist [[Steven Levitt]] of ''[[Freakonomics]]'' fame indicated that the organization's model and its technological innovations "likely make Smile Train one of the most productive charities, dollar for deed, in the world."<ref>{{cite news | title = Bottom-Line Philanthropy | publisher = The New York Times Magazine | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/09/magazine/09WWLN-freakonomics-t.html?ref=magazine | first1=Stephen J. | last1=Dubner | first2=Steven D. | last2=Levitt | date=March 9, 2008}}</ref>
In a 2008 ''[[New York Times]]'' article, economist [[Steven Levitt]] of ''[[Freakonomics]]'' fame indicated that the organization's model and its technological innovations "likely make Smile Train one of the most productive charities, dollar for deed, in the world."<ref>{{cite magazine | title = Bottom-Line Philanthropy | magazine = The New York Times Magazine | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/09/magazine/09WWLN-freakonomics-t.html?ref=magazine | first1=Stephen J. | last1=Dubner | first2=Steven D. | last2=Levitt | date=March 9, 2008}}</ref>


In 2008, Smile Train was the runner-up in the Health-Care IT category of the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' Technology Innovation Awards in recognition for their surgical technique training videos.<ref>{{cite web | title = 2008 Technology Innovation Winners and Runners-Up | publisher = Dow Jones | url = http://www.dowjones.com/innovation/ei_winners_2008.html | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100304122643/http://www.dowjones.com/innovation/ei_winners_2008.html | archivedate = 2010-03-04 | df = }}</ref> The Virtual Surgery Simulator was recognized in 2013 by the National Training Simulation Association (NTSA), a subsidiary of the [[National Defense Industrial Association]] (NDIA), receiving an award in the "training" category.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iitsec.org/Documents/IITSEC_2013_Show_Daily/IITSEC13_Day4.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=February 17, 2016|title=2013 NTSA Modeling & Simulation Awards|page=20|website=I/ITSEC Show Daily|publisher=National Training Simulation Association|date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>
In 2008, Smile Train was the runner-up in the Health-Care IT category of the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' Technology Innovation Awards in recognition for their surgical technique training videos.<ref>{{cite web | title = 2008 Technology Innovation Winners and Runners-Up | publisher = Dow Jones | url = http://www.dowjones.com/innovation/ei_winners_2008.html | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100304122643/http://www.dowjones.com/innovation/ei_winners_2008.html | archivedate = 2010-03-04 | df = }}</ref> The Virtual Surgery Simulator was recognized in 2013 by the National Training Simulation Association (NTSA), a subsidiary of the [[National Defense Industrial Association]] (NDIA), receiving an award in the "training" category.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iitsec.org/Documents/IITSEC_2013_Show_Daily/IITSEC13_Day4.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=February 17, 2016|title=2013 NTSA Modeling & Simulation Awards|page=20|website=I/ITSEC Show Daily|publisher=National Training Simulation Association|date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:27, 27 June 2019

This article is about a charity. For a Seibu Railway train with the same nickname, see Seibu 30000 series.
Smile Train
Formation1999; 25 years ago (1999)
Type501(c)(3) nonprofit
HeadquartersNew York City, New York, United States
Susannah Schaefer
Websitewww.smiletrain.org

Smile Train is a nonprofit organization and charity providing corrective surgery for children with cleft lips and palates.[1]

Headquartered in New York City and founded in 1999, Smile Train provides free corrective cleft surgery in 87 countries,[2] training local doctors and providing hospital funding for the procedures.[2]

According to Forbes magazine, Smile Train is the 72nd largest charity in America.[3]

History

Smile Train was created in 1998 by Brian Mullaney and Charles Wang, who had previously worked with Operation Smile, another charity focused on correcting cleft lips and palates.[4] They felt the most efficient way to provide cleft surgery was to train and support local doctors rather than to fly in Western doctors to provide surgeries in poor, developing countries.[4][5] Local doctors would also be able to provide care year-round rather than the limited engagements of the "mission-based" model.[4][5]

In 1999, Smile Train began providing corrective surgeries in China.[2] The charity worked with the then-American and Chinese presidents, George H.W. Bush and Jiang Zemin, in the planning of Smile Train's first operation in China.[6] As of 2013, the charity had provided approximately 300,000 corrective surgeries in partnership with 397 local hospitals within China.[2]

Smile Train began working in India in 2000.[7] In 2011, Aishwarya Rai, a Bollywood actress and former Miss World, became Smile Train's first goodwill ambassador.[8] By 2013, Smile Train was conducting 50,000 corrective surgeries in India annually.[9]

In 2006, Smile Train co-founded the Pan African Congress on Cleft Lip and Palate. The charity also funded the 2008 Pan African Anaesthesia Symposium.[10]

In October 2010, Smile Train experienced a major leadership change which included the departure of Mullaney and other top executives.[11][12]

Smile Train unveiled a new advertising campaign, "The Power of a Smile", in April 2014.[13] The campaign featured work from Kátia Lund and photojournalist Alex Webb, and coincided with the release of a new organizational logo.[13] That same month, Smile Train also held an event at the Barclays Center to celebrate its millionth cleft operation.[14]

Smile Train and Operation Smile

In early 2011, Smile Train and Operation Smile announced the two charities would merge,[15][16] followed three weeks later by announcements the merger had been aborted,[17] Smile Train having canceled the union.[18] Smile Train's board also named Priscilla Ma the executive director of the organization, while other board members and directors stepped down.[19]

In 2009, Smile Train initiated an advertising campaign[20] in the Richmond Times-Dispatch highlighting Smile Train's attempts between 2006 and 2009 to donate nearly $9 million to Operation Smile,[21] the organization Brian Mullaney had split from in 1998 in what Mullaney described as a "messy divorce".[22] In the ad, Mullaney contended Operation Smile was refusing money that could benefit children, later calling the situation "shameful";[21] Mullaney also noted that he respects that in some countries need overwhelms available doctors and he had "a newfound respect for what Operation Smile does".[22] The Virginian Pilot outlined the history and differences between the two organizations and indicated Mullaney wanted the two organizations to reconcile.[22] At the time, Dr. Magee of Operation Smile declined a newspaper interview, and Operation Smile formally responded to the ad campaign, saying the two organizations "have different operating philosophies and business ethics", and that Operation Smile would continue foregoing donations from an "unproductive relationship".[22]

Technology

In 1999, Smile Train approached Dr. Court B. Cutting of New York University's Virtual Research Laboratory to create training videos, which could be used to train local doctors on how to perform advanced cleft surgery techniques.[23] The 3D models used in the videos were based on the CT scan of two Chinese patients.[24] Smile Train distributes the DVDs to local doctors worldwide.[5][23] The DVDs are available in English, Spanish, and Mandarin.[25]

Smile Train later used the 3D models of the two Chinese patients to build the first 3D open access virtual surgical simulator, which teaches cleft palate and lip surgery to doctors in developing countries.[26] The simulator, which was created in partnership with BioDigital Systems, is web-based, open source and available for free.[26] It does not require any special hardware to use.[27] A mobile application is under development.[27] In September 2014, Smile Train showcased a 3D virtual surgery simulator at TEDMED 2014 in Washington, D.C.[28]

Smile Train maintains Smile Train Express (STX), an internet-based, digital patient record database.[6][25] STX enables Smile Train to have outside medical experts review patient records and quality of care.[5][6] The charity also boasts a large medical research library with more than 1,000 articles related to clefts accessible online for free.[29]

Partnerships and supporters

Smile Train helps the cause of cleft care through its funding of 1,000+ active partners representing nearly 1,200 hospitals and 2,300 partner surgeons in the world’s poorest nations; through these local partnerships, the organization is able to provide free surgery for children any day of the year, with more than one million total surgeries performed as of 2016.[30]

In addition to partnerships with cleft care organizations, Smile Train has partnered with other individuals organizations in an effort to improve safety and quality at their partner hospitals, such as Dr. Atul Gawande, World Health Organization, World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists[31] and Lifebox.[32]

Smile Train has a number of corporate partnerships, including Artisanal Cheese,[33] Dubai Duty Free,[34] Estée Lauder, FedEx,[35] QBE[36] The Queens Flowers,[37] Mars Retail Group [38] and Vertu.[39][40] These partnerships, in addition to those in partnership with donors on grassroots efforts, serve to both raise money and spread awareness.

Current and former supporters include: Tatyana Ali,[41] John Bishop, Christie Brinkley,[42] Dean Cain,[43] Stephen Colbert, Kevin Connolly,[44] Walter Cronkite,[45] Erik Estrada,[46] Lucy Hale, Sammi Hanratty,[47] Rebecca Herbst,[48] Jane Kaczmarek,[49] Howie Mandel, Mary McCartney,[50] Reba McEntire,[51] Bette Midler, Jimmy Pardo,[52] General Colin Powell,[53] Aishwarya Rai Bachchan,[8] Carly Simon and Hilary Swank.[54]

Recognition

In a 2008 New York Times article, economist Steven Levitt of Freakonomics fame indicated that the organization's model and its technological innovations "likely make Smile Train one of the most productive charities, dollar for deed, in the world."[55]

In 2008, Smile Train was the runner-up in the Health-Care IT category of the Wall Street Journal Technology Innovation Awards in recognition for their surgical technique training videos.[56] The Virtual Surgery Simulator was recognized in 2013 by the National Training Simulation Association (NTSA), a subsidiary of the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA), receiving an award in the "training" category.[57]

In 2009, the documentary Smile Pinki, which was sponsored by Smile Train and directed by Megan Mylan, won the 2008 Oscar for Best Documentary (Short Subject).[58] The film shows the story of a poor girl in rural India whose life is transformed when she receives free surgery to correct her cleft lip. Free copies of the film are available through Smile Train's website.[59] In 2013, the documentary Dzachuka’s Smile, which was co-produced by China Central Television Documentary Channel (CCTV) and Smile Train, received the Gold Panda Award for Best Documentary in Society for Asian Production at the 2013 Sichuan TV Festival. The documentary follows the Lamu Sisters’ efforts to help children with clefts living on the Dzachuka Plateau.[60]

In 2016, World Journal of Surgery published the comprehensive independent study "Economic Valuation of the Global Burden of Cleft Disease Averted by a Large Cleft Charity", which was conducted using data from 547,769 Smile Train patient records of primary cleft procedures (58 percent cleft lip repairs, 42 percent cleft palate repairs). The study measured the economic impact of cleft repair surgery over a ten-year period (2001–2011) and "[quantified] the burden of disease averted through the global surgical work of a large cleft charity". It concluded that for each $250 cleft repair surgery, as much as $50,000 is returned to the local economy as patients contribute to productivity. The total economic impact achieved as a result of their cleft repair surgeries in 83 countries between 2001 and 2011 amounts to as much as $27 billion.[61][62]

Criticism

In 2008, Charity Watch criticized then-president Brian Mullaney's $420,209 salary and questioned the 2007 company's tax form, which said Mullaney's salary came from temporary restricted funds designed to go toward overhead.[63]

In 2009, Givewell could not assess the impact of Smile Train's activities based on the charity's 2008 tax form and other publicly accessible information.[64]

Smile Train Canada's charity status was revoked on July 4, 2015 after 6 years of operation by Canada's Charities Directorate for failure to allocate donations towards charity purposes, failure to carry out its charity work, failure to file accurate information and other serious deficiencies.[65]

Key personnel

The organizations key personnel are:[66]

  • Charles B. Wang, founder and chairman, Smile Train
  • Susannah Schaefer, executive vice chair and chief executive officer, Smile Train
  • Robert T. Bell, executive director, Charles B. Wang International Foundation
  • Michael J. Dowling, president and chief executive officer, Northwell Health[67]
  • Ed Goren, founder and chief executive officer, Goren Media Group
  • Arthur J. McCarthy, chief financial officer, NeuLion
  • Roy E. Reichbach, general counsel, NeuLion
  • Richard A. Ruderman, president and CEO, Krieger Ruderman & Co., LLC

Financials

Smile Train complies with the 20 Standards for Charity Accountability established by the Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance.[68] The alliance was developed to "assist donors in making sound giving decisions and to foster public confidence in charitable organizations".[69]

According to Smile Train's 2012 annual report, management and general expenses account for $1.9 million (1.2%) of total expenses.[70] $132.4 million (81.8%) went to program services and $27.6 million (17%) to fundraising.[70] Total support and revenue for 2012 was $175 million.[70]

See also

References

  1. ^ Domenico Nicosia (15 November 2013). "Ironman Arizona athletes raise funds for Smile Train to help kids". AZ Central. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d Liu Zhihua (24 October 2013). "Driven by smiles". China Daily. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  3. ^ "Smile Train". Forbes. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Simpson, Elizabeth (17 November 2013). "Two sides of charity: Competing, compassion". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d Dubner, Stephen J.; Levitt, Steven D. (9 March 2008). "Bottom-Line Philanthropy". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Brown, Nell Porter (September–October 2009). "Scaling Up Charity". Harvard Magazine. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  7. ^ Singh, Subodhkumar (2009). "Smile Train: The ascendancy of cleft care in India". Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 42 (3): S192–8. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.57186. PMC 2825070. PMID 19884676.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ a b "Aishwarya gets a cleft smile for charity". Hindustan Times. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  9. ^ Sinha, Kounteya (17 June 2013). "11-year-old Smile Train patient Pinki Sonkar to flip coin at Wimbledon". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  10. ^ "Pan African Anaesthesia Symposium". AMREF. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  11. ^ Simpson, Elizabeth (February 15, 2011). "Operation Smile and Smile Train to merge charities". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
  12. ^ Hrywna, Mark (April 1, 2011). "Smile Merger Fell Apart Amid Months of Internal Bickering". The NonProfit Times. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
  13. ^ a b Jennifer Rooney (3 April 2014). "Smile Train Breaks Away from Formulaic Charity Advertising in New Campaign". Forbes. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  14. ^ Hovitz, Helaina (7 April 2014). "All Aboard the Smile Train: Organization Brightens One Million Young Lives". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  15. ^ "Smile Train and Operation Smile Boards Agree to Merge". PR Newswire. February 14, 2011.
  16. ^ "Operation Smile and Smile Train to merge charities". The Virginian Pilot, Pilotonline.com, February 15, 2011.
  17. ^ "2 Charities Set to End a Merger, Papers Say". The New York Times. March 6, 2011.
  18. ^ Mark Hrywna (March 7, 2011). "Smile Organizations Break Off Engagement". The Non-Profit Times.
  19. ^ "Smile Train Board Votes to Call off Merger". Smile Train. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
  20. ^ Elizabeth Simpson (December 20, 2009). "'Smile' charity leaders in midst of decade-long feud". The Virginian Pilot. The Richmond Times-Dispatch published the ad on Dec. 3, and Mullaney said he is considering running it in other publications.
  21. ^ a b "Smiles to frowns". The Virginian Pilot, Letter to the Editor, Brian Mullaney, Dec 28, 2009.
  22. ^ a b c d "'Smile' charity leaders in midst of decade-long feud". The Virginian Pilot, Elizabeth Simpson, December 20, 2009.
  23. ^ a b Amanda Schaffer (2 August 2005). "Cleft Palate Practice, Pre-Surgery". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  24. ^ Oliker, Aaron; Cutting, Court (2005). "The Role of Computer Graphics in Cleft Lip and Palate Education". Seminars in Plastic Surgery. 19 (4): 286–93. doi:10.1055/s-2005-925901. PMC 2884744.
  25. ^ a b Sheppard, L.M (2005). "Virtual surgery brings back smiles". IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. 25 (1): 6–11. doi:10.1109/MCG.2005.26. PMID 15691163.
  26. ^ a b Tracy Miller (10 January 2014). "App's map of the human body also charts next generation of surgical training". New York Daily News. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  27. ^ a b "IU surgeon leads innovative app to train remote physicians in cleft palate repair". Indiana University. 2014-03-12. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  28. ^ Alan Cole (28 July 2014). "Charity's 3D surgery simulator". Xperedon. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  29. ^ "Medical Research Library". Smile Train. 2015-12-31.
  30. ^ "Smile Train Report Card". Smile Train. 2015-09-15.
  31. ^ Kirby, Tony (2011). "Pulse oximeters breathe life into surgery in poorer nations". The Lancet. 377 (9759): 17–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62323-9. PMID 21210524.
  32. ^ "Lifebox and Smile Train". Lifebox.
  33. ^ "Say Cheese...Share a Smile!". Artisanal Cheese.
  34. ^ "Dubai Duty Free donates US$1.5 million to The Smile Train at Miles for Smiles fun run in Dubai – 21/11/09". Moodie Report.
  35. ^ "Corporate Partners". Smile Train.
  36. ^ "QBE Presents Smile Train with $100,000 Grant". PR Newswire.
  37. ^ "Limited-edition Bouquet Blooms at Ahold USA Banners". Progressive Grocer.
  38. ^ "Smile Train, Inc. Announces Partnership with Mars Retail Group, Inc". Bloomberg Businessweek.
  39. ^ "Vertu Constellation Smile". Vertu.
  40. ^ "Vertu Constellation Smile". YouTube.
  41. ^ "Tatyana Ali Visits Smile Train". YouTube.
  42. ^ "Christie Brinkley Named Global Ambassador Of World Smile Day 2012 On Behalf Of Smile Train". PR Newswire.
  43. ^ "Give a Smile: Celebs Help Fix Clefts". The Daily Activist.
  44. ^ "Smile Train Welcomes the Holiday Giving Season". PR Newswire.
  45. ^ "Smile Train Suporter, Walter Kronkite". YouTube.
  46. ^ "Erik's Charities". Erik Estrada Official Web Site.
  47. ^ "Sammi Hanratty To Make Charity Visit To Peru". Look to the Stars, The World of Celebrity Giving. November 2011.
  48. ^ "Smile Train and Rebecca Herbst – Changing Lives one Smile at a Time". Hollywood Today.
  49. ^ "Caught Caring: Jane Kaczmarek and Smile Train". People.
  50. ^ "Vertu and Smile Train Present Their First Charity Handset Constellation Smile With a Private View by Mary McCartney". McCartney Photo Blog. 2012-06-13.
  51. ^ "ACM Lifting Lives My Cause: Reba McEntire- Smile Train". Academy of Country Music.
  52. ^ Luippold, Ross (November 21, 2011). "Jimmy Pardo Tells Conan About His 'Pardcast-A-Thon' Podcast For Charity". Huffington Post.
  53. ^ "Smile Train's 10 Year Anniversary Celebration". WireImage.
  54. ^ "Celebrity Supporters". Smile Train.
  55. ^ Dubner, Stephen J.; Levitt, Steven D. (March 9, 2008). "Bottom-Line Philanthropy". The New York Times Magazine.
  56. ^ "2008 Technology Innovation Winners and Runners-Up". Dow Jones. Archived from the original on 2010-03-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  57. ^ "2013 NTSA Modeling & Simulation Awards" (PDF). I/ITSEC Show Daily. National Training Simulation Association. December 5, 2013. p. 20. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  58. ^ "Nominees & Winners for the 81st Academy Awards". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
  59. ^ "Get Smile Pinki". Smile Train.
  60. ^ "Smile Train's 'DZACHUKA'S SMILE' Wins Gold Panda Award for Best Documentary in Society for Asian Production at the 2013 Sichuan TV Festival". China Weekly News. December 3, 2013. Archived from the original on May 4, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ Poenaru, Dan; Lin, Dan; Corlew, Scott (2015). "Economic Valuation of the Global Burden of Cleft Disease Averted by a Large Cleft Charity". World Journal of Surgery. 40 (5): 1053–9. doi:10.1007/s00268-015-3367-z. PMID 26669788.
  62. ^ "Cleft Repair Surgery, Costing $250, Contributes up to $50,000 to Local Economy, According to New Study Featuring Smile Train". Smile Train. January 2, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
  63. ^ http://www.charitywatch.org/articles/smiletrain.html[full citation needed]
  64. ^ "Smile Train". GiveWell. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  65. ^ "CRA revokes charity status of Smile Train Canada after fundraising spending flagged by Financial Post". Financial Post. 20 July 2016.
  66. ^ "The People Behind Smile Train". Smile Train. 2017-05-17.
  67. ^ "Michael J. Dowling". Northwell Health. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  68. ^ "BBB Wise Giving Report forSmile Train". Better Business Bureau.
  69. ^ "Standards for Charity Accountability". Better Business Bureau. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  70. ^ a b c "2012 Annual Report" (PDF). Smile Train. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
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