Caproic acid: Difference between revisions
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'''Hexanoic acid''', also known as '''caproic acid''', is the [[carboxylic acid]] derived from [[hexane]] with the chemical formula {{chem2|CH3(CH2)4COOH}}. It is a colorless oily [[liquid]] with an odor that is fatty, cheesy, waxy, and like that of [[goat]]s<ref name=Merck/> or other barnyard [[animal]]s. It is a [[fatty acid]] found naturally in various animal [[fat]]s and [[oil]]s, and is one of the chemicals that give the decomposing fleshy seed coat of the [[Ginkgo biloba|ginkgo]] its characteristic [[unpleasant odor]].<ref>[http://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Ginkgo/Ginkgo.html Ginkgo.html<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It is also one of the components of [[vanilla]]. The primary use of hexanoic acid is in the manufacture of its [[ester]]s for artificial flavors, and in the manufacture of hexyl [[derivative (chemistry)|derivatives]], such as [[Alkylphenol|hexylphenols]].<ref name=Merck/> [[Salt (chemistry)|Salt]]s and [[ester]]s of hexanoic acid are known as '''hexanoates''' or '''caproates'''. |
'''Hexanoic acid''', also known as '''caproic acid''', is the [[carboxylic acid]] derived from [[hexane]] with the chemical formula {{chem2|CH3(CH2)4COOH}}. It is a colorless oily [[liquid]] with an odor that is fatty, cheesy, waxy, and like that of [[goat]]s<ref name=Merck/> or other barnyard [[animal]]s. It is a [[fatty acid]] found naturally in various animal [[fat]]s and [[oil]]s, and is one of the chemicals that give the decomposing fleshy seed coat of the [[Ginkgo biloba|ginkgo]] its characteristic [[unpleasant odor]].<ref>[http://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Ginkgo/Ginkgo.html Ginkgo.html<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It is also one of the components of [[vanilla]]. The primary use of hexanoic acid is in the manufacture of its [[ester]]s for artificial flavors, and in the manufacture of hexyl [[derivative (chemistry)|derivatives]], such as [[Alkylphenol|hexylphenols]].<ref name=Merck/> [[Salt (chemistry)|Salt]]s and [[ester]]s of hexanoic acid are known as '''hexanoates''' or '''caproates'''. |
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Two other acids are named after goats: [[caprylic acid|caprylic]] (C8) and [[decanoic acid|capric]] (C10). Along with hexanoic acid, |
Two other acids are named after goats: [[caprylic acid|caprylic]] (C8) and [[decanoic acid|capric]] (C10). Along with hexanoic acid, they account for 15% of the fat in goat's milk. |
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Caproic, caprylic, and capric acids (capric is a crystal- or wax-like substance, whereas the other two are mobile liquids) are not only used for the formation of esters, but also commonly used "neat" in: butter, milk, cream, strawberry, bread, beer, nut, and other flavors. |
Caproic, caprylic, and capric acids (capric is a crystal- or wax-like substance, whereas the other two are mobile liquids) are not only used for the formation of esters, but also commonly used "neat" in: butter, milk, cream, strawberry, bread, beer, nut, and other flavors. |
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Revision as of 15:38, 10 July 2019
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Hexanoic acid
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| Other names
Caproic acid; n-Caproic acid; C6:0 (Lipid numbers)
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.046 |
| KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C6H12O2 | |
| Molar mass | 116.160 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Oily liquid[1] |
| Odor | goat-like |
| Density | 0.929 g/cm3[2] |
| Melting point | −3.4 °C (25.9 °F; 269.8 K)[1] |
| Boiling point | 205.8 °C (402.4 °F; 478.9 K)[1] |
| 1.082 g/100 mL[1] | |
| Solubility | soluble in ethanol, ether |
| Acidity (pKa) | 4.88 |
| -78.55·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD)
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1.4170 |
| Viscosity | 3.1 mP |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 103 °C (217 °F; 376 K)[2] |
| 380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 1.3-9.3% |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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3000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Pentanoic acid, Heptanoic acid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hexanoic acid, also known as caproic acid, is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)4COOH. It is a colorless oily liquid with an odor that is fatty, cheesy, waxy, and like that of goats[1] or other barnyard animals. It is a fatty acid found naturally in various animal fats and oils, and is one of the chemicals that give the decomposing fleshy seed coat of the ginkgo its characteristic unpleasant odor.[3] It is also one of the components of vanilla. The primary use of hexanoic acid is in the manufacture of its esters for artificial flavors, and in the manufacture of hexyl derivatives, such as hexylphenols.[1] Salts and esters of hexanoic acid are known as hexanoates or caproates.
Two other acids are named after goats: caprylic (C8) and capric (C10). Along with hexanoic acid, they account for 15% of the fat in goat's milk.
Caproic, caprylic, and capric acids (capric is a crystal- or wax-like substance, whereas the other two are mobile liquids) are not only used for the formation of esters, but also commonly used "neat" in: butter, milk, cream, strawberry, bread, beer, nut, and other flavors.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (11th ed.). Merck. 1989. ISBN 091191028X.
- ^ a b Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- ^ Ginkgo.html
| Authority control databases: National |
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