Mulford Act: Difference between revisions
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As an "urgency statute", it was required to pass both houses by a 2/3 majority. It passed the Senate 29-7. |
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The '''Mulford Act''' was a 1967 [[California State Legislature|California]] bill that repealed a law allowing [[open carry in the United States|public carrying]] of loaded firearms. Named after [[California Republican Party|Republican]] assemblyman [[Don Mulford]], the bill was crafted in response to members of the [[Black Panther Party]] who were conducting armed patrols of Oakland neighborhoods while they were conducting what would later be termed [[copwatching]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Copwatching|url=http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4318&context=californialawreview|work=California Law Review|first1=Jocelyn |last1=Simonson|volume=104|issue=2|page=408|quote=Organized copwatching groups emerged as early as the 1960s in urban areas in the United States when the Black Panthers famously patrolled city streets with firearms and cameras, and other civil rights organizations conducted unarmed patrols in groups.}}</ref> They garnered national attention after the [[Black Panthers]] marched bearing arms upon the [[California State Capitol]] to protest the bill.<ref name="huey newton">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_capitolmarch.html |title=From "A Huey P. Newton Story" |accessdate=2010-07-07}}</ref><ref name="black panthers">{{cite web|url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG01/barillari/pantherintro.html |title=How to Stage a Revolution Introduction |accessdate=2010-07-07}}{{self-published inline|date=February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Seale|first1=Bobby|title=Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton|publisher=Black Classic Press|isbn=978-0933121300|pages=153–166|edition=1991}}</ref> |
The '''Mulford Act''' was a 1967 [[California State Legislature|California]] bill that repealed a law allowing [[open carry in the United States|public carrying]] of loaded firearms. Named after [[California Republican Party|Republican]] assemblyman [[Don Mulford]], the bill was crafted in response to members of the [[Black Panther Party]] who were conducting armed patrols of Oakland neighborhoods while they were conducting what would later be termed [[copwatching]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Copwatching|url=http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4318&context=californialawreview|work=California Law Review|first1=Jocelyn |last1=Simonson|volume=104|issue=2|page=408|quote=Organized copwatching groups emerged as early as the 1960s in urban areas in the United States when the Black Panthers famously patrolled city streets with firearms and cameras, and other civil rights organizations conducted unarmed patrols in groups.}}</ref> They garnered national attention after the [[Black Panthers]] marched bearing arms upon the [[California State Capitol]] to protest the bill.<ref name="huey newton">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_capitolmarch.html |title=From "A Huey P. Newton Story" |accessdate=2010-07-07}}</ref><ref name="black panthers">{{cite web|url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG01/barillari/pantherintro.html |title=How to Stage a Revolution Introduction |accessdate=2010-07-07}}{{self-published inline|date=February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Seale|first1=Bobby|title=Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton|publisher=Black Classic Press|isbn=978-0933121300|pages=153–166|edition=1991}}</ref> |
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AB-1591 was |
AB-1591 was introduced by [[Don Mulford]] (R) from Oakland, and co-sponsored by [[John T. Knox]] (D) from Richmond, [[Walter J. Karabian]] (D) from Monterey Park, [[Frank Murphy Jr.]] (R) from Santa Cruz, [[Alan Sieroty]] (D) from Los Angeles, and [[William M. Ketchum]] (R) from Bakersfield,<ref>http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/FinalHistory/1967/Volumes/67ahr.PDF</ref> it passed both Assembly (controlled by Democrats 42:38) and Senate (split 20:20) by a 2/3 majority and was signed by Governor [[Ronald Reagan]] |
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on July 28. The law banned the carrying of loaded weapons in public. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://time.com/4431356/nra-gun-control-history |title=When the NRA Supported Gun Control |author=Arica L. Coleman |date=July 31, 2016 |website=[[TIME.com]] |access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref> |
on July 28. The law banned the carrying of loaded weapons in public. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://time.com/4431356/nra-gun-control-history |title=When the NRA Supported Gun Control |author=Arica L. Coleman |date=July 31, 2016 |website=[[TIME.com]] |access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 00:00, 16 August 2019
| Mulford Act | |
|---|---|
| California | |
| |
| Passed by | Ronald Reagan |
| Passed | 1967 |
| Enacted | 1967 |
| Legislative history | |
| Bill title | Firearms law |
| Introduced by | Don Mulford, John T. Knox, Walter J. Karabian, Alan Sieroty, William M. Ketchum |
| Introduced | 1967-04-05 |
| First reading | 1967-04-05 |
| Second reading | 1967-06-07 |
| Third reading | 1967-06-08 |
| First reading | 1967-06-08 |
| Second reading | 1967-06-27 |
| Third reading | 1967-07-26 |
The Mulford Act was a 1967 California bill that repealed a law allowing public carrying of loaded firearms. Named after Republican assemblyman Don Mulford, the bill was crafted in response to members of the Black Panther Party who were conducting armed patrols of Oakland neighborhoods while they were conducting what would later be termed copwatching.[1] They garnered national attention after the Black Panthers marched bearing arms upon the California State Capitol to protest the bill.[2][3][4]
AB-1591 was introduced by Don Mulford (R) from Oakland, and co-sponsored by John T. Knox (D) from Richmond, Walter J. Karabian (D) from Monterey Park, Frank Murphy Jr. (R) from Santa Cruz, Alan Sieroty (D) from Los Angeles, and William M. Ketchum (R) from Bakersfield,[5] it passed both Assembly (controlled by Democrats 42:38) and Senate (split 20:20) by a 2/3 majority and was signed by Governor Ronald Reagan on July 28. The law banned the carrying of loaded weapons in public. [6]
Both Republicans and Democrats in California supported increased gun control. Governor Ronald Reagan, who was coincidentally present on the capitol lawn when the protesters arrived, later commented that he saw "no reason why on the street today a citizen should be carrying loaded weapons" and that guns were a "ridiculous way to solve problems that have to be solved among people of good will." In a later press conference, Reagan added that the Mulford Act "would work no hardship on the honest citizen."[7]
The bill was signed by Reagan and became California penal code 25850 and 171c.
See also
References
- ^ Simonson, Jocelyn. "Copwatching". California Law Review. 104 (2): 408.
Organized copwatching groups emerged as early as the 1960s in urban areas in the United States when the Black Panthers famously patrolled city streets with firearms and cameras, and other civil rights organizations conducted unarmed patrols in groups.
- ^ "From "A Huey P. Newton Story"". Retrieved 2010-07-07.
- ^ "How to Stage a Revolution Introduction". Retrieved 2010-07-07.[self-published source?]
- ^ Seale, Bobby. Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton (1991 ed.). Black Classic Press. pp. 153–166. ISBN 978-0933121300.
- ^ http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/FinalHistory/1967/Volumes/67ahr.PDF
- ^ Arica L. Coleman (July 31, 2016). "When the NRA Supported Gun Control". TIME.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
- ^ Winkler, Adam (September 2011). "The Secret History of Guns". The Atlantic.
Further reading
- Leonardatos, Cynthia Deitle (1999). "California's Attempts to Disarm the Black Panthers". San Diego Law Review. 36 (4): 947.
- Hemmens, Craig (July 2000). "Resisting Unlawful Arrest in Mississippi: Resisting the Modern Trend". California Criminal Law Review. 2 (1). doi:10.2139/ssrn.235760.
- Hampton, Henry; Fayer, Steve (2011). "Birth of the Black Panthers, 1966–1967". Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s Through the 1980s. Random House. pp. 349–72. ISBN 978-0-307-57418-3.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Sanders, Kindaka (2015). "A Reason to Resist: The Use of Deadly Force in Aiding Victims of Unlawful Police Aggression". San Diego Law Review. 52 (3): 695–750.
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