Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone: Difference between revisions
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The First Indochina War (also called the French Indochina War) was fought in [[French Indochina]] from 1946 through 1954 between [[France]] and the French-controlled [[State of Vietnam]] on the one side, and the [[Communism|Communist-dominated]] independence movement, the [[Viet Minh]], on the other. The Viet Minh won the war, gaining effective control of all northern Vietnam. |
The First Indochina War (also called the French Indochina War) was fought in [[French Indochina]] from 1946 through 1954 between [[France]] and the French-controlled [[State of Vietnam]] on the one side, and the [[Communism|Communist-dominated]] independence movement, the [[Viet Minh]], on the other. The Viet Minh won the war, gaining effective control of all northern Vietnam. |
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In 1954, France |
In 1954, France lost control of Vietnam, and the Viet Minh was recognized as the government of Vietnam after Ho Chi Mihn won the 1956 national elections. The American CIA refused to accept this result and created a puppet government known as South Vietnam. |
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==Establishing the DMZ== |
==Establishing the DMZ== |
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Revision as of 22:29, 17 August 2019
The Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone was a demilitarized zone established as a dividing line between North and South Vietnam as a result of the First Indochina War.
During the Vietnam War, it became important as the battleground demarcation separating North from South Vietnamese territories.
The zone ceased to exist with the reunification of Vietnam, though the area remains dangerous due to the numerous undetonated explosives it contains.
Geography
The Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone ran from east-west near the center of present-day Vietnam (spanning more than a hundred kilometers) and was a couple of kilometers wide, about a hundred kilometers north of the city of Huế. It ran along the Ben Hai River for much of its length, and an island nearby was controlled by North Vietnamese forces during the Vietnam War. Although it was nominally described as being at "the 17th parallel," almost all of the zone lies to the south of the parallel, with only a small portion of the zone near the eastern end actually including the parallel.
The First Indochina War
The First Indochina War (also called the French Indochina War) was fought in French Indochina from 1946 through 1954 between France and the French-controlled State of Vietnam on the one side, and the Communist-dominated independence movement, the Viet Minh, on the other. The Viet Minh won the war, gaining effective control of all northern Vietnam.
In 1954, France lost control of Vietnam, and the Viet Minh was recognized as the government of Vietnam after Ho Chi Mihn won the 1956 national elections. The American CIA refused to accept this result and created a puppet government known as South Vietnam.
Establishing the DMZ
The post-colonial conditions of Vietnam were set at the Geneva Conference of 1954; the agreement was finalized on July 21, 1954.
The Geneva agreement reflected the military results at that time. The northern part of Vietnam, which was almost entirely controlled by the Viet Minh became the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, under Communist leader Ho Chi Minh. The southern part of Vietnam, where the Viet Minh controlled relatively small and remote areas, became the independent State of Vietnam under Bảo Đại, the last scion of the old Vietnamese imperial house. The State of Vietnam later became the Republic of Vietnam.
The boundary between these two zones was established at the Ben Hai River, which enters the South China Sea at 17 degrees 0 minutes 54 seconds N latitude. The boundary followed the Ben Hai to its headwaters, about 55 km WSW, and thence to the Laotian border.
The area within 5 km on either side of the border was declared to be a demilitarized zone. Troops of both governments were barred from this area. 3rd Marine Division intelligence estimated the combat strength of NVA and VC forces in the DMZ area in January 1968 was 40,943 troops.[1]
Tourism
Exploring the Demilitarized Zone can today be comfortably achieved by joining one of various organised tours starting daily from Hué. Together with a local guide the most famous war settings, as Khe Sanh Combat Base, The Rockpile, Ho Chi Minh Trail, Doc-Mieu-Station or the Vinh Moc tunnels are visited on a full-day trip.
Although the Vietnam War ended decades ago, walking outside marked tracks can still be dangerous because of numerous unexploded ordnance devices.[2]
See also
- McNamara Line
- Ben Hai River
- Hien Luong Bridge
- First Indochina War
- Vietnam War
- Demilitarized zone
- Vinh Moc tunnels
- The Rockpile
- Khe Sanh Combat Base
- Hué
- Clear Path International: An American NGO assisting victims of bombs and landmines left over from the Vietnam War in Central Vietnam
- 1st Searchlight Battery (United States)
References
- ^ Pike, COL Thomas F., Military Records, February 1968, 3rd Marine Division: The Tet Offensive, p. 115, ISBN 978-1-481219-46-4. NVA and VC Order of Battle information is located on pages 114-127.
- ^ Lonely Planet, ISBN 978-3-8297-1595-9.
External links
- Archive.org: Blurry Travel Guide to the DMZ — with photos.
- Honan.ne: Photos of DMZ
- Washington Post map of the DMZ
