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==Background==
==Background==
Portugal was granted a monopoly on trade in West Africa and Spain by the Vatican, in the fifteenth century. This paved the way for the transatlantic slave trade, which has had a lasting impact on American history, as well as on the socio-economic development of the country. The Portuguese ship carrying the first 20 African slaves to be brought to what would become the present day United States of America, landed on Port Comfort, in the British colony of Virginia, in August of 1619.<ref name=nyx/><ref name=AN>{{cite web|url=https://www.cjr.org/analysis/the-1619-project-nytimes.php|title=The 1619 Project and the stories we tell about slavery|last=Neason|first=Alexandria|date=August 15, 2019|accessdate=August 17, 2019}}</ref> Although slavery was officially outlawed in the United
Portugal was granted a monopoly on trade in West Africa and Spain by the Vatican{{clarification}}, in the fifteenth century. This paved the way for the transatlantic slave trade, which has had a lasting impact on American history, as well as on the socio-economic development of the country. The Portuguese ship carrying the first 20 African slaves to be brought to what would become the present day United States of America, landed on Port Comfort, in the British colony of Virginia, in August of 1619.<ref name=nyx/><ref name=AN>{{cite web|url=https://www.cjr.org/analysis/the-1619-project-nytimes.php|title=The 1619 Project and the stories we tell about slavery|last=Neason|first=Alexandria|date=August 15, 2019|accessdate=August 17, 2019}}</ref> Although slavery was officially outlawed in the United
States by the 13th amendment to the constitution passed on 31 January 1865,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-xiii|title=The 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution|website=National Constitution Center – The 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref> the African American citizens who make up 12% of the United States population,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/4435/Public-Overestimates-US-Black-Hispanic-Populations.aspx|title=Public Overestimates U.S. Black and Hispanic Populations|last=Inc|first=Gallup|website=Gallup.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref> face institutional racism and disproportionate amount of socio-economic and political challenges in 2019, four hundred years to the day the first slaves landed, and more than 150 years since the abolition of slavery in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/united-states|title=World Report 2019: Rights Trends in the United States|last=Avenue|first=Human Rights Watch {{!}} 350 Fifth|last2=York|first2=34th Floor {{!}} New|date=2018-12-20|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19|last3=t 1.212.290.4700|first3=NY 10118-3299 USA {{!}}}}</ref><ref name=nyx/>
States by the 13th amendment to the constitution passed on 31 January 1865,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-xiii|title=The 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution|website=National Constitution Center – The 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref> the African American citizens who make up 12% of the United States population,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/4435/Public-Overestimates-US-Black-Hispanic-Populations.aspx|title=Public Overestimates U.S. Black and Hispanic Populations|last=Inc|first=Gallup|website=Gallup.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref> face institutional racism and disproportionate amount of socio-economic and political challenges in 2019, four hundred years to the day the first slaves landed, and more than 150 years since the abolition of slavery in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/united-states|title=World Report 2019: Rights Trends in the United States|last=Avenue|first=Human Rights Watch {{!}} 350 Fifth|last2=York|first2=34th Floor {{!}} New|date=2018-12-20|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19|last3=t 1.212.290.4700|first3=NY 10118-3299 USA {{!}}}}</ref><ref name=nyx/>


Revision as of 20:02, 19 August 2019

The 1619 Project is an event organized by The New York Times whose aim is to examine the legacy of slavery in the United States, timed for the 400th anniversary of the arrival in America of the first enslaved people from West Africa. It is an interactive project by Nikole Hannah-Jones, a reporter for the New York Times, with contributions by the paper's writers, poems, short fiction, and a photo essay.[1] Originally conceived of as a special issue for August 20, it was soon turned into a full-fledged project, including coverage in the paper and on the website.[2]

The New York Times describes the project as a "major initiative (...) observing the 400th anniversary of the beginning of American slavery".[3]

Background

Portugal was granted a monopoly on trade in West Africa and Spain by the Vatican[clarification needed], in the fifteenth century. This paved the way for the transatlantic slave trade, which has had a lasting impact on American history, as well as on the socio-economic development of the country. The Portuguese ship carrying the first 20 African slaves to be brought to what would become the present day United States of America, landed on Port Comfort, in the British colony of Virginia, in August of 1619.[4][5] Although slavery was officially outlawed in the United States by the 13th amendment to the constitution passed on 31 January 1865,[6] the African American citizens who make up 12% of the United States population,[7] face institutional racism and disproportionate amount of socio-economic and political challenges in 2019, four hundred years to the day the first slaves landed, and more than 150 years since the abolition of slavery in the country.[8][4]

History

Based on the proposal by Hannah-Jones to have an issue of the magazine dedicated to the anniversary of the arrival of the first slaves in America, to challenge the notion that American history began in 1776, the initiative quickly grew into a full-fledged project, encompassing multiple issues of the magazine, accompanied by related materials on multiple other publications of the Times.[5]

The first edition, published in The New York Times Magazine on August 14 included the following works:[9][3]

The magazine issue will be accompanied by a special section on the Sunday newspaper, in partnership with the Smithsonian, examining the beginnings of the transatlantic slave trade. Beginning on August 20, a multi-episode series will also be published by The Daily, the morning news podcast of the Times.[5] The Sunday sports section will explore slavery's impact on professional sports in America.[5] The Times plans to take the project to schools, with the 1619 Project Curriculum developed in collaboration with the Pulitzer Center.[10] Hundreds of thousands of extra copies of the magazine issue were printed for distribution to schools, museums and libraries.[4]

Reception

Alexandria Neason, analysing the project for the Columbia Journalism Review, lauded the efforts to challenge the characterisation of slavery as something marginal to the history of the United States, particularly in light of the role journalism has played in mischaracterisation of slavery's role in American history.[5] Fortune magazine also published a positive review writing the project was "wide-reaching and collaborative, unflinching, and insightful" and a "dramatic and necessary corrective to the fundamental lie of the American origin story".[9]

References

  1. ^ Ferreira, Johanna (August 15, 2019). "The NY Times' 1619 Project Examines the Legacy of Slavery in America". Hip Latina. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  2. ^ "In '1619' Project, the Times Puts Slavery Front and Center of the American Experience". WNYC. August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  3. ^ a b "The 1619 Project". The New York Times Magazine. August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c Gyarkye, Lovia (2019-08-18). "How the 1619 Project Came Together". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
  5. ^ a b c d e Neason, Alexandria (August 15, 2019). "The 1619 Project and the stories we tell about slavery". Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  6. ^ "The 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution". National Constitution Center – The 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
  7. ^ Inc, Gallup. "Public Overestimates U.S. Black and Hispanic Populations". Gallup.com. Retrieved 2019-08-19. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  8. ^ Avenue, Human Rights Watch | 350 Fifth; York, 34th Floor | New; t 1.212.290.4700, NY 10118-3299 USA | (2018-12-20). "World Report 2019: Rights Trends in the United States". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2019-08-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ a b c McGirt, Ellen (August 14, 2019). "The New York Times Launches the 1619 Project: raceAhead". Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  10. ^ "New goal for New York Times: 'Reframe' American history, and target Trump, too". Washington Examiner. August 17, 2019. Retrieved August 18, 2019.

Further reading

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