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Parry was a finalist for the 1985 [[Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/finalists/robert-parry|title=Finalist: Robert Parry of Associated Press|website=Pulitzer.org|accessdate=February 3, 2018}}</ref> and received the [[George Polk Awards|George Polk Award]] for National Reporting in 1984 for his work with the Associated Press on [[Iran-Contra]], where he broke the story that the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] had provided an assassination manual to the Nicaraguan Contras ([[Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare]]).<ref>[[Long Island University]], [http://www.liu.edu/Polk/Articles/Past-Winners#1984 George Polk Awards: Previous Award Winners]. Retrieved on September 23, 2013.</ref><ref name="Eugene Register-Guard; January 14, 1996">{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=Jeff |author-link1=Jeff Cohen (media critic) |last2=Solomon |first2=Norman |author-link2=Norman Solomon |date=January 14, 1996 |title=Robert Parry still investigating—in cyberspace |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19960114&id=3U1WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6-sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6906,2985635&hl=en |newspaper=Eugene Register-Guard |volume=129 |issue=83 |location=Eugene, Oregon |page=4C |access-date=July 4, 2015}}</ref> In mid-1985 he wrote the first article on [[Oliver North]]'s involvement in the affair, and, together with [[Brian Barger]], in late 1985 he broke the [[CIA and Contras cocaine trafficking in the US]] scandal,<ref name="Robert Parry 1985">Brian Barger and Robert Parry, "Reports Link Nicaraguan Rebels to Cocaine Trafficking", Associated Press (December 20, 1985).</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2017}} helping to spark Senator [[John Kerry]]'s interest in investigating Iran-Contra.<ref>Robert Parry, 25 October 2004, Salon.com, [http://www.salon.com/2004/10/25/contra/ How John Kerry exposed the Contra-cocaine scandal ]</ref> The Associated Press had refused to publish the drug trafficking story, and only relented when its Spanish-language newswire service accidentally published a translation.<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard; January 14, 1996"/> Barger and Parry continued to press their investigation of North even as most of the media declined to follow it up, eventually publishing a story in mid-1986, based on 24 sources, which led to a Congressional committee asking questions of North. After North denied the allegations, Barger was pushed out of the Associated Press, and Parry was unable to publish any further follow-ups to the story until after [[Eugene Hasenfus]]' plane ([[Corporate Air Services HPF821]]) was shot down in Nicaragua in October 1986.<ref name=rha/> After finding out that his boss had been "conferring with [Oliver] North on a regular basis", Parry left AP in 1987 to join ''[[Newsweek]]'',<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard; January 14, 1996"/> which he left in 1990.<ref name=Kennedy/>
Parry was a finalist for the 1985 [[Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/finalists/robert-parry|title=Finalist: Robert Parry of Associated Press|website=Pulitzer.org|accessdate=February 3, 2018}}</ref> and received the [[George Polk Awards|George Polk Award]] for National Reporting in 1984 for his work with the Associated Press on [[Iran-Contra]], where he broke the story that the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] had provided an assassination manual to the Nicaraguan Contras ([[Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare]]).<ref>[[Long Island University]], [http://www.liu.edu/Polk/Articles/Past-Winners#1984 George Polk Awards: Previous Award Winners]. Retrieved on September 23, 2013.</ref><ref name="Eugene Register-Guard; January 14, 1996">{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=Jeff |author-link1=Jeff Cohen (media critic) |last2=Solomon |first2=Norman |author-link2=Norman Solomon |date=January 14, 1996 |title=Robert Parry still investigating—in cyberspace |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19960114&id=3U1WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6-sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6906,2985635&hl=en |newspaper=Eugene Register-Guard |volume=129 |issue=83 |location=Eugene, Oregon |page=4C |access-date=July 4, 2015}}</ref> In mid-1985 he wrote the first article on [[Oliver North]]'s involvement in the affair, and, together with [[Brian Barger]], in late 1985 he broke the [[CIA and Contras cocaine trafficking in the US]] scandal,<ref name="Robert Parry 1985">Brian Barger and Robert Parry, "Reports Link Nicaraguan Rebels to Cocaine Trafficking", Associated Press (December 20, 1985).</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2017}} helping to spark Senator [[John Kerry]]'s interest in investigating Iran-Contra.<ref>Robert Parry, 25 October 2004, Salon.com, [http://www.salon.com/2004/10/25/contra/ How John Kerry exposed the Contra-cocaine scandal ]</ref> The Associated Press had refused to publish the drug trafficking story, and only relented when its Spanish-language newswire service accidentally published a translation.<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard; January 14, 1996"/> Barger and Parry continued to press their investigation of North even as most of the media declined to follow it up, eventually publishing a story in mid-1986, based on 24 sources, which led to a Congressional committee asking questions of North. After North denied the allegations, Barger was pushed out of the Associated Press, and Parry was unable to publish any further follow-ups to the story until after [[Eugene Hasenfus]]' plane ([[Corporate Air Services HPF821]]) was shot down in Nicaragua in October 1986.<ref name=rha/> After finding out that his boss had been "conferring with [Oliver] North on a regular basis", Parry left AP in 1987 to join ''[[Newsweek]]'',<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard; January 14, 1996"/> which he left in 1990.<ref name=Kennedy/>


In August 1990, [[PBS]]' ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'' asked Parry to work on the [[October Surprise conspiracy theory]],<ref name=rha/> leading to Parry making several documentaries for the program,<ref name=Kennedy/><ref>Frontline, 16 April 1991, [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/foreign-affairs-defense/ The Election Held Hostage]</ref><ref>PBS, Frontline, 7 April 1992, {{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/programs/info/1016.html |title=Investigating the October Surprise |accessdate=2012-08-25 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825012451/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/programs/info/1016.html |archivedate=August 25, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> broadcast in 1991 and 1992. He continued to pursue it after a Congressional investigation had concluded the story was untrue, turning his ''Frontline'' research into a book published in 1993,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Trick-Treason-October-Surprise-Mystery/dp/187982308X|title=Trick or Treason: The 1980 October Surprise Mystery|first=Robert|last=Parry|date=September 1, 2016|publisher=The Media Consortium|accessdate=February 3, 2018|via=Amazon}}</ref> and in 1994 he unearthed "a treasure-trove of government documents" supporting the theory,<ref name=Kennedy/> "showing that the [Congressional] task force suppressed incriminating CIA testimony and excluded evidence of big-money links between wealthy Republicans and Carter's Iranian intermediary, [[Cyrus Hashemi]]".<ref name="Eugene Register-Guard; January 14, 1996"/> In 1996, ''[[Salon.com|Salon]]'' wrote about his work on the theory, saying that "his continuing quest to unearth the facts of the alleged October Surprise has made him ''[[persona non grata]]'' among those who worship at the altar of conventional wisdom."<ref name=Kennedy>Dan Kennedy, 11 June 1996, Salon.com, [http://www.salon.com/media/media960611.html Parry's Thrust] ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990903035245/http://salon.com/media/media960611.html |date=September 3, 1999 }})</ref>
In August 1990, [[PBS]]' ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'' asked Parry to work on the [[October Surprise conspiracy theory]],<ref name=rha/> leading to Parry making several documentaries for the program,<ref name=Kennedy/><ref>Frontline, 16 April 1991, [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/foreign-affairs-defense/ The Election Held Hostage]</ref><ref>PBS, Frontline, 7 April 1992, {{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/programs/info/1016.html |title=Investigating the October Surprise |accessdate=2012-08-25 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825012451/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/programs/info/1016.html |archivedate=August 25, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> broadcast in 1991 and 1992. In 1996, ''[[Salon.com|Salon]]'' wrote about his work on the theory, saying that "his continuing quest to unearth the facts of the alleged October Surprise has made him ''[[persona non grata]]'' among those who worship at the altar of conventional wisdom."<ref name=Kennedy>Dan Kennedy, 11 June 1996, Salon.com, [http://www.salon.com/media/media960611.html Parry's Thrust] ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990903035245/http://salon.com/media/media960611.html |date=September 3, 1999 }})</ref>


When journalist [[Gary Webb]] published his newspaper series "[[Dark Alliance]]" in 1996 alleging that the [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Reagan administration]] had allowed the Contras to smuggle cocaine into the US to make money for their efforts, Parry supported Webb amidst heavy criticism from the media.<ref>{{cite book|last=Webb|first=Gary|year=1999|pp=480|title=[[Dark Alliance]]|publisher=[[Seven Stories Press]]|isbn=978-1-888363-93-7|ref=harv}}</ref>
When journalist [[Gary Webb]] published his newspaper series "[[Dark Alliance]]" in 1996 alleging that the [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Reagan administration]] had allowed the Contras to smuggle cocaine into the US to make money for their efforts, Parry supported Webb amidst heavy criticism from the media.<ref>{{cite book|last=Webb|first=Gary|year=1999|pp=480|title=[[Dark Alliance]]|publisher=[[Seven Stories Press]]|isbn=978-1-888363-93-7|ref=harv}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:32, 28 August 2019

Robert Parry
Born(1949-06-24)June 24, 1949
DiedJanuary 27, 2018(2018-01-27) (aged 68)
OccupationInvestigative journalist
Employer(s)Associated Press, Newsweek
Known forIran-Contra affair reporting; Consortiumnews
TelevisionFrontline
AwardsGeorge Polk Award, I.F. Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence, Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism
Websiteconsortiumnews.com

Robert Parry (June 24, 1949 – January 27, 2018) was an American investigative journalist. He was best known for his role in covering the Iran-Contra affair for the Associated Press (AP) and Newsweek, including breaking the Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare (CIA manual provided to the Nicaraguan contras) and the CIA involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking in the U.S. scandal in 1985.

He was awarded the George Polk Award for National Reporting in 1984 and the I.F. Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence by Harvard's Nieman Foundation in 2015.

Parry was the editor of ConsortiumNews.com from 1995 until his death in 2018.[1]

Life and career

Born in Hartford, Connecticut, Parry received a B.A. in English from Colby College in Waterville, Maine in 1971, before beginning his career in journalism in Massachusetts. He joined the Associated Press in 1974, moving to its Washington, D.C. bureau in 1977.[2] Following the 1980 presidential election he was assigned to its Special Assignment (investigative reporting) unit, where he began working on Central America.[3][better source needed]

Parry was a finalist for the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting[4] and received the George Polk Award for National Reporting in 1984 for his work with the Associated Press on Iran-Contra, where he broke the story that the Central Intelligence Agency had provided an assassination manual to the Nicaraguan Contras (Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare).[5][6] In mid-1985 he wrote the first article on Oliver North's involvement in the affair, and, together with Brian Barger, in late 1985 he broke the CIA and Contras cocaine trafficking in the US scandal,[7][non-primary source needed] helping to spark Senator John Kerry's interest in investigating Iran-Contra.[8] The Associated Press had refused to publish the drug trafficking story, and only relented when its Spanish-language newswire service accidentally published a translation.[6] Barger and Parry continued to press their investigation of North even as most of the media declined to follow it up, eventually publishing a story in mid-1986, based on 24 sources, which led to a Congressional committee asking questions of North. After North denied the allegations, Barger was pushed out of the Associated Press, and Parry was unable to publish any further follow-ups to the story until after Eugene Hasenfus' plane (Corporate Air Services HPF821) was shot down in Nicaragua in October 1986.[3] After finding out that his boss had been "conferring with [Oliver] North on a regular basis", Parry left AP in 1987 to join Newsweek,[6] which he left in 1990.[9]

In August 1990, PBS' Frontline asked Parry to work on the October Surprise conspiracy theory,[3] leading to Parry making several documentaries for the program,[9][10][11] broadcast in 1991 and 1992. In 1996, Salon wrote about his work on the theory, saying that "his continuing quest to unearth the facts of the alleged October Surprise has made him persona non grata among those who worship at the altar of conventional wisdom."[9]

When journalist Gary Webb published his newspaper series "Dark Alliance" in 1996 alleging that the Reagan administration had allowed the Contras to smuggle cocaine into the US to make money for their efforts, Parry supported Webb amidst heavy criticism from the media.[12]

In 1995, Parry founded the Consortium for Independent Journalism Inc. (CIJ) as a non-profit, US-based independent news service which publishes the website Consortiumnews.[13]

In October 2015, Parry was awarded the I.F. Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence by Harvard's Nieman Foundation for Journalism, "for his career distinguished by meticulously researched investigations, intrepid questioning, and reporting that has challenged mainstream media.".[14]

In June 2017, Parry was awarded the Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism.[15]

Parry died on January 27, 2018, after suffering several strokes caused by undiagnosed pancreatic cancer that he had been unknowingly living with for the past 4–5 years.[16]

Books

  • Lost History: Contras, Cocaine, The Press & Project Truth (1992)
  • Trick or Treason: The October Surprise Mystery (1993)
  • The October Surprise X-Files: The Hidden Origins of the Reagan-Bush Era (1996)
  • Secrecy & Privilege: Rise of the Bush Dynasty from Watergate to Iraq (2004)
  • Neck Deep: The Disastrous Presidency of George W. Bush (2007)
  • America's Stolen Narrative: From Washington and Madison to Nixon, Reagan and the Bushes to Obama (2012)

References

  1. ^ Sam Roberts (January 29, 2018). "Robert Parry, Investigative Reporter in Washington, Dies at 68". The New York Times.
  2. ^ "Investigative journalist Robert Parry dies at 68". Startribune.com. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c Robert Parry, realhistoryarchives.com, A talk by Robert Parry given in Santa Monica on March 28, 1993
  4. ^ "Finalist: Robert Parry of Associated Press". Pulitzer.org. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  5. ^ Long Island University, George Polk Awards: Previous Award Winners. Retrieved on September 23, 2013.
  6. ^ a b c Cohen, Jeff; Solomon, Norman (January 14, 1996). "Robert Parry still investigating—in cyberspace". Eugene Register-Guard. Vol. 129, no. 83. Eugene, Oregon. p. 4C. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
  7. ^ Brian Barger and Robert Parry, "Reports Link Nicaraguan Rebels to Cocaine Trafficking", Associated Press (December 20, 1985).
  8. ^ Robert Parry, 25 October 2004, Salon.com, How John Kerry exposed the Contra-cocaine scandal
  9. ^ a b c Dan Kennedy, 11 June 1996, Salon.com, Parry's Thrust (Archived September 3, 1999, at the Wayback Machine)
  10. ^ Frontline, 16 April 1991, The Election Held Hostage
  11. ^ PBS, Frontline, 7 April 1992, "Investigating the October Surprise". Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Webb, Gary (1999). Dark Alliance. Seven Stories Press. p. 480. ISBN 978-1-888363-93-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  13. ^ Robert Parry, 28 December 2011, A Brief Narrative of Consortiumnews Consortiumnews.com
  14. ^ "Nieman Foundation - Robert Parry Receives I.F. Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence". Nieman.harvard.edu. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  15. ^ "The Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism". Marthagellhorn.com. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
  16. ^ "Robert Parry’s Legacy and the Future of Consortiumnews", Parry, Nat. Consortiumnews 28 January. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
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