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Coordinates: 50°55′N 34°45′E / 50.917°N 34.750°E / 50.917; 34.750
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From the beginning of the twentieth century, Sumy was the center of [[Roman Catholicism in Ukraine|Roman Catholicism in the northeastern Ukraine]]. The Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation Church was established in the city in 1901 and [[consecration|consecrated]] in 1911, but closed by governmental authorities two decades later; the churchhouse was thereafter used for non-religious purposes (e.g., it was used as a gym for Oleksandrivska Gymnasia) until its restoration as a Roman Catholic [[parish]] in May 1994, after the disintegration of the [[Soviet Union]]. It was reconsecrated in the Spring of 1998.
From the beginning of the twentieth century, Sumy was the center of [[Roman Catholicism in Ukraine|Roman Catholicism in the northeastern Ukraine]]. The Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation Church was established in the city in 1901 and [[consecration|consecrated]] in 1911, but closed by governmental authorities two decades later; the churchhouse was thereafter used for non-religious purposes (e.g., it was used as a gym for Oleksandrivska Gymnasia) until its restoration as a Roman Catholic [[parish]] in May 1994, after the disintegration of the [[Soviet Union]]. It was reconsecrated in the Spring of 1998.

== Population ==
According to the census held in 1660 year the population of Sumy was 2740 people. In 1732 year it was 7700 people, in 1773 year — 9380 people, in 1850 year — 10,256 people, in 1898 year — 26,355 people<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B|title=ЭСБЕ/Сумы — Викитека|website=ru.wikisource.org|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref>.

During the soviet times the population grew significantly. In 1939 it reached 63,9 thousand people<ref>{{Cite book|title=Сумы // Большая Советская Энциклопедия.|last=гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский|first=|publisher=Государственное научное издательство «Большая Советская энциклопедия»|year=1956|isbn=|location=|pages=2-е изд. том 41. М., стр.285-286}}</ref>. In 1959 year it was 98 015 people<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr59_reg2.php|title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 г.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>, in 1970 year — 159 thousand people, in 1975 year — 194 thousand people<ref>{{Cite book|title=Сумы // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 25. М., «Советская энциклопедия»|last=|first=|publisher=|year=1976|isbn=|location=|pages=стр.76}}</ref>, in 1989 year — 291,264 people<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php|title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>, in 1991 year — 303,3 thousand people<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sumy, city // The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 15th edition. Micropaedia. Vol.11. Chicago|last=|first=|publisher=|year=1994|isbn=|location=|pages=page 387}}</ref>.

According to the [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|Ukrainian Census held in 2001 year]] the population of Sumy was 292,139 people<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/z7503/A005?rdat1=09.06.2009&rf7571=28527|title=Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. By January 1, 2013 it decreased to 269,177 people<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2013/sb_nnas_2012.pdf|title=Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.92|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. At January 1, 2016 the population was 267,633 people<ref>Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2016 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2016. стор.65</ref>.


==Economy and infrastructure==
==Economy and infrastructure==

Revision as of 09:41, 3 September 2019

Sumy
Суми
Ukrainian Academy of Banking in Sumy
Ukrainian Academy of Banking in Sumy
Flag of Sumy Суми
Flag
Coat of arms of Sumy Суми
Coat of arms
Sumy is located in Sumy Oblast
Sumy
Sumy
Sumy is located in Ukraine
Sumy
Sumy
Coordinates: 50°55′N 34°45′E / 50.917°N 34.750°E / 50.917; 34.750
Country Ukraine
OblastSumy Oblast
MunicipalitySumy
Founded1655
Urban districts
List
Government
 • MayorOleksandr Lysenko (Batkivshchyna)[1]
Area
 • Total
145 km2 (56 sq mi)
Population
 (2015)
 • Total
167,633
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (CEST)
Postal code
40000-40035
Area code+380 542
Twinned withCelle  Germany
Twinned withVratsa  Bulgaria
Websitehttp://www.meria.sumy.ua

Sumy (Template:Lang-uk [ˈsumɪ], Template:Lang-ru [ˈsumɨ]) is a small city in north-eastern Ukraine, and the capital of Sumy Oblast (region). Sumy also serves as the administrative center of Sumy Raion of Sumy oblast. Sumy is administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. As of 2019 its population is estimated at 167,633.

History

Downtown Sumy in 1897
Commemorative coin of Sumy's 350-year history

Sumy was founded by Cossack Herasym Kondratyev from Stavyshche, Bila Tserkva Regiment on the bank of the Psel River, a tributary of the Dnieper.[2] The date of its foundation is a subject of discussion (in 1652 or 1655).[2] In 1656–58 at the site of Sumyn early settlement under leadership of Muscovite voivode K. Arsenyev, there was built a city-fort that consisted of a fort and a grad (town).[2] In 1670s it was expanded by adding a fortified posad (craftsmen town), after which Sumy became the biggest fortress of Sloboda Ukraine.[2] Since 1658 Sumy was a center of the Sumy Cossack Regiment (military unit and local administrative division).[2] In 1680s around Sumy started to form unfortified suburbs.[2]

At the end of 17th century Sumy played a role of collection point of Muscovite troops during the Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689.[2] During the Great Northern War, from December 1708 to January 1709 the was the Stavka (headquarters) of Muscovite Chief of Commander headed by Tsar Peter the Great.[2] Established under the leadership of Prince A.Shakhovskoy, in 1734-43 in Sumy was located the Commission on streamlining the Sloboda Cossack regiments.[2] From its establishment and until the liquidation of Cossackdom in Sloboda Ukraine in 1765, the Cossack officer family of Kondratyevs had a great influence over the city.[2]

Following the liquidation of Cossack community in 1765, Sumy Cossack Regiment as an administrative division was turned into Sumy Province of the newly created Sloboda Ukraine Governorate and the city of Sumy became its center.[2] In 1780 Sumy was turned into a centre of Sumy uyezd.[2] In 1786-89 the city was reformed by removing its city fort vallums.[2] After a period of stagnation (1765–1860s), Sumy began to transform into a big industrial and trade center with the Paul's Sugar-Refining Factory (est. 1869 by I.Kharytonenko) and the Sumy Engineering Workshops (est. 1896, producing equipment for sugar refineries).[2] With the construction of a railroad Vorozhba – Merefa, in January 1877 in the city was built the Sumy train station.[2] A great contribution in development of Sumy made various families of philanthropists industrialists, the most famous of which are Kharytonenkos.[2]

During the Revolution of 1905, Sumy was one of several areas which became famous throughout Russia for in effect having established an independent peasant republic; the Sumy Republic was established by a peasant union.[3]

During the German occupation of Ukraine during World War II (1941 – 1944), Sumy sustained heavy damage and was occupied from October 10, 1941 to September 2, 1943. After the war, the destroyed parts of the city were rebuilt. Sumy has been a twin town of Celle, Germany since January 17, 1990.

Geography

Sumy is located in the northeastern part of Ukraine within the Central Russian Upland and in historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. It is located on the banks of Psel River.

Due to its relatively close location, the city's weather is similar to Kharkiv. Sumy's climate is a humid continental one: cold and snowy winters, and hot summers. The seasonal average temperatures are not too cold in winter, not too hot in summer: −6.9 °C (19.6 °F) in January, and 20.3 °C (68.5 °F) in July. The average rainfall totals 513 mm (20 in) per year, with the most in June and July.

Climate data for Sumy, Ukraine (1949-2011)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8) 		13.5
(56.3) 		21.0
(69.8) 		30.0
(86.0) 		33.6
(92.5) 		36.1
(97.0) 		38.0
(100.4) 		39.4
(102.9) 		31.1
(88.0) 		27.9
(82.2) 		22.8
(73.0) 		11.5
(52.7) 		39.4
(102.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.9
(25.0) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		3.0
(37.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		20.3
(68.5) 		23.7
(74.7) 		25.4
(77.7) 		24.5
(76.1) 		18.3
(64.9) 		10.9
(51.6) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		11.2
(52.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.3
(20.7) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		8.1
(46.6) 		14.6
(58.3) 		18.1
(64.6) 		19.8
(67.6) 		18.6
(65.5) 		12.9
(55.2) 		6.6
(43.9) 		0.3
(32.5) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		6.8
(44.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.3
(15.3) 		−9.2
(15.4) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		3.3
(37.9) 		8.8
(47.8) 		12.6
(54.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		13.1
(55.6) 		8.0
(46.4) 		2.8
(37.0) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		2.6
(36.7)
Record low °C (°F) −34.2
(−29.6) 		−32.8
(−27.0) 		−27.8
(−18.0) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		0.9
(33.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−11.7
(10.9) 		−22.9
(−9.2) 		−29.5
(−21.1) 		−34.2
(−29.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 55.5
(2.19) 		32.9
(1.30) 		47.1
(1.85) 		46.9
(1.85) 		61.9
(2.44) 		69.9
(2.75) 		81.3
(3.20) 		87.4
(3.44) 		49.6
(1.95) 		48.2
(1.90) 		43.8
(1.72) 		50.9
(2.00) 		675.4
(26.59)
Average precipitation days 20.7 18.4 15.7 9.9 9.2 8.7 7.1 5.7 8.9 11.9 16.2 21.1 153.5
Average snowy days 18 14 10 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 10 17 74
Average relative humidity (%) 86.4 84.3 79.3 65.6 64.0 68.1 70.9 66.6 75.1 81.0 87.2 88.5 76.4
Source 1: Climatebase.ru[4]
Source 2: Weatherbase[5]

Government

Sumy is a city of oblast significance which makes a separate subdivision within the Sumy Oblast. Sumy is also an administrative center of Sumy Raion which surrounds the city.

The city used to be divided into two urban raions (districts), Zarichny and Kovpakovsky, and 13 micro-raions. Since 2006, the subdivision into urban districts is not in effect.[6]

The city municipality also includes several adjacent villages including Verkhnie Pishchane, Zhyteiske, Zahirske, Kyryiakivshchyna, Pishchane, and Trokhymenkove.

Demographics

Demographics of Sumy
Historical population
YearPop.±%
185011,500—    
189727,564+139.7%
191350,400+82.8%
192644,000−12.7%
193969,000+56.8%
195998,000+42.0%
1970159,000+62.2%
1979231,558+45.6%
1989293,706+26.8%
2001295,847+0.7%
[citation needed]
  • 1897 - 70.53% Ukrainians, 24.1% Russians, 2.6% Jewish, 2.67% others
  • 1926 - 80.7% Ukrainians, 11.8% Russians, 5.5% Jewish, 2% others
  • 1959 - 79% Ukrainians, 20% Russians, 1% others [citation needed]

The majority of residents are Christians (Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholics and Protestant or Evangelical Christians). There is also a Jewish minority.

From the beginning of the twentieth century, Sumy was the center of Roman Catholicism in the northeastern Ukraine. The Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation Church was established in the city in 1901 and consecrated in 1911, but closed by governmental authorities two decades later; the churchhouse was thereafter used for non-religious purposes (e.g., it was used as a gym for Oleksandrivska Gymnasia) until its restoration as a Roman Catholic parish in May 1994, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. It was reconsecrated in the Spring of 1998.

Population

According to the census held in 1660 year the population of Sumy was 2740 people. In 1732 year it was 7700 people, in 1773 year — 9380 people, in 1850 year — 10,256 people, in 1898 year — 26,355 people[7].

During the soviet times the population grew significantly. In 1939 it reached 63,9 thousand people[8]. In 1959 year it was 98 015 people[9], in 1970 year — 159 thousand people, in 1975 year — 194 thousand people[10], in 1989 year — 291,264 people[11], in 1991 year — 303,3 thousand people[12].

According to the Ukrainian Census held in 2001 year the population of Sumy was 292,139 people[13]. By January 1, 2013 it decreased to 269,177 people[14]. At January 1, 2016 the population was 267,633 people[15].

Economy and infrastructure

Enterprises

  • Sumy Engineering Science and Production Association (formerly Frunze factory)
  • Sumykhimprom, a major chemical factory
  • others

Infrastructure

Sumy train station
  • There is a Sumy Airport in the city. Built in 1978, since 2006 it has been an international airport and received flights from outside Ukraine.[citation needed]
  • There are several train stations in the city, two of which serve passenger trains. All train stations are part of the UZ regional branch Southern Railways. Sumy train station also is headquarters of one of four territorial subdivisions of the Southern Railways and conducts supervision over some other 45 train stations in Sumy, Poltava, and Kharkiv oblasts.
  • There are two major routes that cross the city H07 (Kiev–Yunakivka at Russian border) and H12 (Sumy–Poltava). There are also few regional routes P44 (Sumy–Hlukhiv), P45 (Sumy–Bohodukhiv), and P61 (Sumy–Baturyn).

Arts and culture

Landmarks

Psel river in Sumy
  • The city centre is dominated by the large cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration. It is a neoclassical structure of the 18th century, extensively repaired and reconstructed in 1858 and in the 1880s, when the 56 metre (180 ft) high bell tower was added. The interior features frescoes by Vladimir Makovsky and Klavdiy Lebedev.
  • The Resurrection Church (1702), the oldest structure in the town, is still in fair preservation, owing to recent restoration work.
  • The cathedral of the monastery of St. Pantaleon was erected in 1911 to a design by Aleksey Shchusev and is scored to resemble medieval monuments of Novgorod and Pskov.
  • A lovely church of Saints Peter and Paul is in the town's cemetery. It was built in 1851 on the donations of Sumy citizens. Beside the church there are tombs of the Kharytonenkos and Sukhanovs with artistic monuments by sculptors – A. Croisy and M. Antokolski.
  • The Cathedral of Holy Trinity was built in 1902-1914 on the same pattern as the Cathedral of St. Isaac in St. Petersburg. The author of the design was Sumy architect G. Sholts. It was built at the expense of Pavlo Kharitonenko, the local manufacturer and Maecenas who fulfilled his father's last will. Icon-painting is by famous artist M. Nesterov. The work on the decorative design was not completed because of the revolutionary events of 1917.

Museums

The Sumy Regional Art Museum was opened in 1920. It was started from nationalized private collections of the town and district. Paintings of Taras Shevchenko, Vladimir Borovikovsky, I. Shyskin, Arkhip Kuindzhi and Tetyana Yablonska are on display, including a Dutch landscape by a painter of Jan van Goyen's circle. Today the museum contains unique paintings and works of applied art. The building of the early 20th century originally belonged to the State Bank.

The Museum of Local Lore was opened in 1920. In the years of fascist occupation the most important items of its collections were lost. Today it contains unique collections covering archeology and natural history of the Sumy region. It is located in the building of the 19th century which originally was the seat of the district government. In 1905 it was given to the printing house and publishing house of the first Sumy newspapers. In different years the building was visited by A. Kuprin and V. Korolenko, the famous Russian writers.

The Chekhov Museum, located in Chekhov street is an architectural complex representing Lintvarev's country estate of the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1888 and 1889 a great writer and dramatist Anton Chekhov was dreaming to settle in Luka forever but his dream did not come true. “Abbacia and the Adriatic Sea are wonderful, but Luka and Psiol are better” – he wrote in his letter from Italy to his friends in Sumy in 1894. This is also a place where Anton Chekhov's brother, Nikolai Chekhov, died in 1889.

The Museum of Banking history in the Sumy oblast and the History of Ukrainian Money was founded in 2006 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Ukrainian Academy of Banking on the basis of a unique collection of Ukrainian bonds – the paper money out of circulation, which were given to the academy by the National Bank of Ukraine. The exposition of the bonds is arranged in the thematic-chronological order - from the first appearance of money to the present day. In addition to the numerous historical documents, photographs, metal money (coins, souvenir bars), and commemorative medals of the National Bank of Ukraine, there is an exhibition presenting technical appliances used in the banking industry in the late 20th century.

Sports

Yuvileiny Stadium

The field hockey club Sumchanka is 12 times a champion of Ukraine and a champion of Europe.

Sumy is home to the Ukrainian First League football team FC Sumy.

The Ukrainian Premier League football club FC Kharkiv were leasing the city's state-of-the-art Yuvileiny Stadium.

The Yuvileiny Stadium, formerly known as Spartak, was planned to be renovated just before dissolution of the Soviet Union and in 1989 was demolished to be built anew. It was not until 1998 when the actual construction was resumed and finally finished in 2002.

  • Trinity Cathedral
    Trinity Cathedral
  • Catholic Church
    Catholic Church
  • Elias Church
    Elias Church
  • Altanka
    Altanka
  • Sumy in spring of 2010
    Sumy in spring of 2010
  • Shopping street in Sumy
    Shopping street in Sumy
  • City centre
    City centre
  • Hotel Shafran
    Hotel Shafran
  • Old architecture in Sumy
    Old architecture in Sumy
  • Sumy in Winter
    Sumy in Winter
  • An exhibition centre in Sumy
    An exhibition centre in Sumy
  • Park in Sumy
    Park in Sumy
  • "Kyiv" department store
    "Kyiv" department store
  • Sumy regional administration
    Sumy regional administration

Famous people from Sumy

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Twin towns — sister cities

Sumy is twinned with:

Current:

  • Coat of arms at twin town Celle (Germany), granite artwork below signpost
    Coat of arms at twin town Celle (Germany), granite artwork below signpost

Former:[18]

References

Notes
  1. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-05-31. Retrieved 2014-06-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/05/29/7027390/
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Bazhan, O.H., Vortman, D.Ya., Masliychuk, V.L. Sumy, regional center (СУМИ, ОБЛАСНИЙ ЦЕНТР). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.
  3. ^ Figes, Orlando: A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. The Bodley Head, London (2014). p. 183
  4. ^ "Sumy, Ukraine Climate Data". Climatebase. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  5. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Sumy, Ukraine". Weatherbase. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  6. ^ Verkhovna Rada website
  7. ^ "ЭСБЕ/Сумы — Викитека". ru.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  8. ^ гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский (1956). Сумы // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. Государственное научное издательство «Большая Советская энциклопедия». pp. 2-е изд. том 41. М., стр.285-286.
  9. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 г." {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  10. ^ Сумы // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 25. М., «Советская энциклопедия». 1976. pp. стр.76.
  11. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  12. ^ Sumy, city // The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 15th edition. Micropaedia. Vol.11. Chicago. 1994. pp. page 387. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  13. ^ "Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  14. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.92" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  15. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2016 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2016. стор.65
  16. ^ "Stadt Celle". www.celle.de. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
  17. ^ "Miasta Partnerskie Lublina" [Lublin - Partnership Cities]. Urząd Miasta Lublin [City of Lublin] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-08-07. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Суми розірвали побратимські відносини з російськими містами". Zaxid.net. Retrieved 2017-11-24.
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