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The Cemetery The Square of the Grafen von Luxburg Fursten zu Carolath-Beuthen und Prinzen von Schoenaich-Carolath Family or the Luxburg-Carolath Square Cemetery or by only The Square is a privately owned and operated graveyard of the Swiss German, non-political and profit charitable Foundation of the Grafen von Luxburg Fursten zu Carolath-Beuthen und Prinzen von Schoenaich-Carolath Family, located on Las Delicias Avenue in the city of Maracaibo, capital of Zulia State, west of the South American country of Venezuela. It is one of the oldest cemeteries in the town being officially established on November 12 of 1879, but in the rest of the dead of 1829, with the name of "New Cemetery" that later It would be changed to The Square due to its particular form.

History

In the State of Zulia as in all of Venezuela, there were different types of cemeteries and many cemeteries including indigenous pre-Germans. With the arrival of the Spaniards, it was customary, as in the entire Christian world, to bury the deceased in the same churches, convents and attached lands. The Spanish Crown, in 1698, orders to bury the deceased next to the parish churches. This law is changed by decree of the Liberator Simón Bolívar, in the year 1827, forcing the dead to be buried in special lands destined for such purposes. Thus began the specialized cemeteries separated from the Churches and city centers. Following these rules, the General Cemetery of Maracaibo, or “Old Cemetery”, was created in 1829, on land located behind the San Juan de Dios church, on El TTransit street, which was closed in 1880. Original cemeteries existed three cemeteries main ancient The Colonial Cemetery (Old Cemetery or General Cemetery of Maracaibo) was inaugurated in 1829, the Cemetery of the Germans (1834) and the Cemetery of Saint Lucia (1881). These cemeteries were looted for the theft of their marbles and other materials or eliminated to perform civil works in the year of 1942. The remains of the deceased that were left were transferred to the Square, where Columbaries of 2 and 3 floors were made to accommodate them, they transferred them to the Square simply because they were the closest.

The foreign colony resident in Maracaibo, founded in 1834 and closed in 1942, what was known as the cemetery of English, Foreigners or Los Alemanes, (The English name was actually at that time the same as Foreigners a synonym that today is also used as gringos) the deceased of that cemetery were mostly English and German Protestants, also Jews because they did not have their cemetery and the Protestants got along with the Jews there was no religious antipathy at that time, was a neighbor of the Colonial cemetery also on El TTransit street, on the grounds of the current Panorama Newspaper. The cemetery of foreigners was also actually the main cement maker of all Protestant Christians in Maracaibo, not only Protestant Germans but Protestant Englishmen and different nationalities and beliefs were buried in it. For the simple reason that at that time there was some inculcation of these religions of the great majority of Venezuelans who were devout Catholics to the Christianity of the Roman Catholic Church. We cannot say that there was religious persecution in Venezuela, but if a certain antipathy based on misunderstanding or simply little culture. Maracaibo is a unique city in South America, it was founded by Germans, Ambrosio Alfinger in 1528. That date is today considered and officially celebrated as the day of the foundation of the city. After the independence of Venezuela, trade between Europe and mainly Germany, Great Britain, France to Venezuela increased, mainly influenced by the favorable support of Germany France and Britain to Venezuelan independence, many Germans and British participated militarily as officers and soldiers in the war of independence of Venezuela. Product of this fact an infinity of these and others that were progressively reaching Venezuela, Maracaibo and the port of La Guaira.

Maracaibo was the largest in Venezuela to the north and Venezuela's "continental" guide. Citizens of many European countries began arriving in Venezuela. as well as from the United States of America, being mostly practitioners of religions and cults different from the main Venezuelan religion the Roman Catholic. We have to understand that there were also many Masons among all these people - who joined each other without differentiating race or nationality religion. At that time there was a lot of negativity from the Venezuelan Catholic clergy to other religions or branches of Christianity.

For example, In Guaira the English Consul Sir Robert Kerr Porter, and C.D. Strohm, M. Wolff, Otto Winckelmann, H. Stall, C.C. Nolting and R. Roosen Runge founded the Aliens Cemetery Society in La Guaira. Mr. Robert Syers sold them land between the Guanapa River and Punta de Mulato, and that was part of his stay in Guanapa.

El Cuadrado, founded on November 12, 1879, built by private shareholders like many of the cemeteries in Venezuela, and so it is today, known as El Cuadrado, for having the shape of a fairly proportional quadrilateral. Its architectural design was made by Hermes Romero. Here is a certain format for discussion, because we know that on November 12, 1879 it was actually baptized as a cemetery and the foundation was several years before. At first the cemetery was simply called the New cemetery, because it was the newest in the city at that time, the Marabinos actually named it the Square which was officially registered in 1925 by the Troconis family in the official name. The Square lost its shape, almost perfect square, at the time of the president Rafael caldera during the reconstruction of Maracaibo of its tracks - in part on its land two apartment buildings were built. The foundation of El Cuadrado coincided with the attack of the yellow fever epidemic on Maracaibo. The Square for the year 1900, is the urban limit of the city of Maracaibo. Many are the works of sculptural and historical value, there lie many of the Zulian characters of Independence and prominent Zulians, from other times. Jesús Enrique losada, Ismael Urdaneta, Francisco Ochoa, Jesús María Portillo, the Belloso family, Rincón, Osorio, Cook, Arria, Von Jess, Dr. José Antonio Borjas Romero, Juice, José Ramón Yépez, Manuel Dagnino, Antonio José Urquinaona, Manuel Trujillo Durán, Guillermo Quintero Luzardo, Eduardo Mathyas Lossada, Julio Árraga, Udón Pérez, families, as some of the best known men and families. In addition to El Cuadrado, another of the old cemeteries, now disappeared, was the cemetery of Santa Lucia, opened on January 30, 1881 and also closed in 1942. And it is not a new claim, the Panorama newspaper in its edition of January 7 In 2006, he published a report where the journalist Paúl Ramírez Mora said that 40 antisocials were living there and that more than 96,000 souls rested on 800 square meters in El Cuadrado. The Luxburg-Carolath Square cemetery is made up of four cemeteries which are the colonial cemetery, the English cemetery, the Saint Lucia cemetery and the Luxburg-Carolath Square itself. Which makes it unique in Venezuela and Latin America.

The cemetery The Luxburg-Carolath Square when it was built had a perfect shape of 200 x 200 meters. It was built in a classic style, due to the great influence of the European foreign colony in Maracaibo. But I migrate in their tomb styles. The cemetery is the most famous in Zulia, the most historical, not only because of its architecture, but also because the vast majority of the personalities that formed the splendor Maracaibo and Zulia rest. Fine marble monuments brought from Italy each piece with spectacular details. Unique exquisite works composed of all known Architectural styles. The terrible “Spanish flu” or “el trancazo”, which in 1918 ended, according to data from the time with 800-1000 maracaiberos, which represented in a population of about 36,000 souls, a mortality rate, from the flu, near 3%, similar to the world death rate. This was that of every 100 marabinos 50 were sick and about 3 died from the flu. It is understood because it prevented the procession of the Virgen de la Chiquinquirá from leaving the old Saladillo neighborhood miraculously. "Many souls received the Square in that epidemic." Actually, El Cuadrado is not just a historical treasure of Zulia or Maracaibo because of its architecture, it is mainly the only historical cemetery that houses 3 cemeteries in it and all possible major world religions. Catholics, Jews, Protestants and who knows who else. It is something unique in Venezuela.

The cemetery has about 10,364 tombs among whose graves, niches and pantheons have been buried in Zulian illustrious as the hero of independence Antonio Pulgar; the immortal rector of University of Zulia, Jesús Enrique Lossada; the poet Udón Pérez; the doctor and scientist Humberto Fernández Morán; the precursor of the national cinema Manuel Trujillo Durán; the artist Julio Árraga; Dr. Jesús María Portillo; the creator of the university city, Antonio Borjas Romero; the magnate of the missing Bella Vista Castle, Lucas Evangelista Rincón; Don Manuel Belloso, founder of Cobeca and the "saint" Fray Junipero, whose body is said to remain intact in his coffin and becomes incredibly heavy if they try to move it. Isaiah chapter 14, verse 19 states: "But you have been cast out of your sepulcher as a rejected rod." Today in the cemeteries no grave enjoys privacy, the holy rest is interrupted amorally. Nowadays many times life is not respected and less death.

Description

The treasurer Jose Ferrer, counts that they have desecrated the great majority of the graves. “There is a depraved crime. There is no moral, there is no respect for the deceased, for values, ”he lamented. The buried body of a person takes 8 years to exhume and transfer the remains to the ossuary and the criminals opt for those that are more than 100 years old, that is, from 1920 onwards. Most are shattered. “The graves have very large marble vases, and they grab it to break the ossuaries. The treasurer estimated that of the 10 thousand three hundred people buried in El Cuadrado, and about 15 thousand vaults, of which 40-50% are already abandoned, since “they have been lost because they are very old, or because relatives left them abandoned "

José Ferrer, current treasurer of the El Cuadrado cemetery, his family has a long history related to the cemetery since the first treasurer Heriberto Hernández for 45 years of service. He was the grandfather's father-in-law, José Antonio Ferrer, of Mr. José Ferrer. Then came the grandfather who was 72 years in total. When the grandfather dies, Pope Nilo Enrique Ferrer Hernández comes with 52 years of service, who died in 2011 and since that year Mr. Jose Ferrer is the Treasurer.

José Ferrer supervised and organized all the works by the founding of the Counts of Luxburg-Carolath to the cemetery. He was the most important human factor in the entire organization since day one. He and the history of his family related to all the time that the cemetery exists since its foundation is a separate story of Marabinos dedicated to their work of a family dynasty.

Several tombs in the square have bars on top built by relatives who thought that would save them from desecration. They didn't help much. The bars were forced the desecrated tombs - the undergrowth emptied and they went into oblivion until the general cleaning. A common Venezuelan construction in our cemeteries that in our opinion have very few analogues in the world. By restoring cemeteries and putting all souls to rest in peace, we have in our opinion to leave as a memory to the time of desecration. A criminal above a grave. It didn't work, all the graves were perpetrated and stolen without any difference. Many activists and hired people worked during this work that seems simple at first but it was really difficult.

Characteristic of the Luxburg-Carolath Square Cemetery

In Maracaibo, the Colonial Cemetery (Old Cemetery or General Cemetery of Maracaibo) was opened in 1829, the Cemetery of the Germans opened 1834 and the Cemetery of Saint Lucia opened 1881. These cemeteries were sawn to perform civil works in the city in the year of 1942. The remains of the deceased who were left were transferred to the El Cuadrado cemetery simply because they were the closest to them. Columbariums were built in El Cuadrado to accommodate the deceased of the cemeteries. That is why the square cemetery is unique in Venezuela, it houses 3 other cemeteries since 1829, forming only one on 4, there are four cemeteries together in one. Like the city of Maracaibo. It is also called Athens of Latin America, the city of the 3 foundations. It is the most famous and ancient in Maracaibo and Zulia. The Columbarians today are in a total state of looting, deterioration and perpetration. The reconstruction project of the cemetery carries the historical inclusion of the 3 cemeteries and their families.

Mixed Unique Architecture

The Square is considered as an outstanding work of Funeral and Religious Art. The one that shows how Maracaibo el Zulia and Venezuela lived and developed. It is common to say that governments and their level of civilization are judged by how they treat their deceased and their prisoners. The development of cemeteries the style of their graves are a unique contribution to the entity of any community in the world. It has almost all styles of architecture made such as: Neoclassical, Classic, Naco (vulgar), Humble, Eclecticism, Gothic, Contemporary, Art Deco, Art Nuveau, with endless variations of their own given by family members. One of the few examples of different styles of architecture: Art Nueveau is represented Fernandez Moran, Coronell Francisco Aguirre. Pantheon Electico family Quintero designed by Hermes Romero. Tomb of the Lossada family inspired by the temple of classical antiquity and others that will be described separately. All known styles in one way or another are presented in the cemetery.

Owner and Administration

The Grafen von Luxburg Family Foundation, Fürsten zu Carolath-Beuthen und Prinzen von Schoenaich-Carolath is a civil, charitable and non-profit foundation founded on June 14, 1940 by Karl von Luxburg ; She is the owner and administrator of the Cemetery Luxburg-Carolath Square since August 2019.

Karl Ludwig Graf von Luxburg, Fürst zu Carolath-Beuthen und Prinz von Schoenaich-Carolath, Minister and Ambassador of the German Empire during World War I.

The first board of directors was chaired by Walli Paula Luise countess of Luxburg known as “El Ángel de Trujillo” for her cultural charities at the Red Cross, the first woman to lead a charitable and cultural foundation in Latin America. ^[1], Currently the president of the Foundation is Friedrich Count from Luxburg.

The Luxburg-Carolath Foundation has its representations on Carabobo Street in Fifth Luxburg-Carolath in the city of Maracaibo, Switzerland, Germany and Poland.

Decorations for his career

Rafael Maria Baralt First Class Gold Band - Awarded by the Legislative Council of the State of Zulia, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Casike Nigale only class Gold band - Awarded by the City Hall of the City of Maracaibo, Zulia State, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

National, Regional and Municipal Heritage

The Square, is inserted in the law of protection and defense of the historical cultural heritage of Venezuela (Official Gazette of Venezuela No. 4,623) dated September 3, 1993. The Central Commission of the System of Protection and Defense of the Cultural Heritage of the Zulia State and Maracaibo Municipality, in use of the attribution conferred by Decree 94 dated July 2003, unanimously approved on date four (04) August 2005, the proposal of Declaration of Cultural Historical Heritage of the Zulla State of “CEMETERY THE SQUARE,” as well as the elaboration of a Management Plan or Management Proposal and the implementation of a Safety Plan to face the desecration of graves and the illicit traffic of works Sculptural in the Cemetery.

That the "CEMETERY THE SQUARE" of Maracaibo, has been recognized by the Institute of Cultural Heritage and declared historical and cultural heritage of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela according to Administrative Providence No. 012/05 dated June 30, 2005; In 2007 decree From the Governor of the State of Zulia No. 630 April 4, 2007. Historical Cultural Heritage of the State of Zulia.

Reconstruction Project

The Luxburg-Carolath Foundation received the square in the form of a Donation in August 2019. In which the former owner insisted on adding the historical surnames of the German Venezuelan Dynasty Switzerland Luxburg-Carolath to the name El Cuadrado, leaving the name as a Cemetery ' “The Square of the Grafen von Luxburg Fursten zu Carolath-Beuthen und Prinzen von Schoenaich-Carolath Family” Short “The Luxburg-Carolath Square” '

The state of the cemetery is of total deterioration. Perpetration of 95% of the graves. All Columbariums destroyed and looted. The Luxburg-Carolath Foundation has already carried out the cleaning of the cemetery and began to prepare a plan for the recovery and reconstruction of the Cemetery together with the Governorate of Zulia and the Mayor's Office of Maracaibo. Because it is National, State and Municipal Heritage all works must be approved by the State.

Shield

The shields of the Luxburg-Carolath Family are the two official shields of the cemetery since August 2019. A heraldic shield of the cemetery is being prepared which will have elements from Venezuela, the State of Zulia and others. Together with a specialized web page for interaction with almost 1000 families that have their relatives buried in their plots. The new slogan of the cemetery is in Spanish “Our Decedents Live” in Latin ‘Vivamus Nostris Mortuus Est”

Some of the personalities buried in Luxburg-Carolath Square

References

^ Nagel von Jess, kurt (July 15, 2009). "Nuestra Primera Activista". Iconos Zulianos.

External links

Maracaibo travel guide from Wikivoyage

[1] Nagel von Jess, kurt (July 15, 2009). "Nuestra Primera Activista". Iconos Zulianos.

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