Vojin Bakić

Vojin Bakić working in his atelier (1956)

Vojin Bakić (Serbian Cyrillic: Војин Бакић; 5 June 1915 – 18 December 1992) was a prominent Yugoslav sculptor of Serbian descent.

Work and artistic career

Bakić was an important figure, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s Croatian contemporary art scene, and collaborated with the group EXAT-51 and the Nove tendencije (New Tendencies) movement. He executed many public sculptures notably, the Call to Arms (the man from Bjelovar), Bjelovar (1946) the Monument to the Revolution in Kamenska (1958–1968), the Monument to the Train Accident Victims in Zagreb (1975–1978), the Monument to the Uprising of the People of Kordun and Banija on Petrova Gora (1982) as well as monuments in Kragujevac and Dotrščina (Valley of Graves).

After 1945 he gravitated towards the impressionistic treatment of the surface. This period is primarily marked by his portraits of Ivan Goran Kovačić (1946) and Silvije Strahimir Kranjčević (1948). During the 1950s Bakić reduced the volume of his sculptures by the use of sharp fractures as edges, and later by merging the details of the sculptural mass (Self-portrait, 1952 and sketch for the Marx and Engels Monument, 1950–1953). During that time, he made an entire series of bull sculptures in various dimensions (Bull, 1950, 1956). With the series entitled Nudes, Torsos and Heads he completed his focus on organic, associative shapes, and from 1958 he turned towards the challenge of open forms, inner spaces and light reflections. Further professional development made him the first artist in a local context to follow the principles of geometric abstraction and to start the study of optic effects. By alternating concave and convex surfaces, he made "light shapes" which were close to constructivist poetics. In Elaborated Surfaces (1960–1964) he articulated strict and consistent units made of lined-up elements, whereas in Light-bearing Shapes (1963–1964) he created effective structures by means of modulating identical mirror units, for which he also used new materials, such as stainless steel.

Exhibitions and awards

At his first solo exhibition (Bjelovar, 1940) he exhibited drawings and sculptures where the predominating subjects were female nudes in stone, characterized by reduced curves and closed volumes. From 1940 he participated at many national and international exhibitions: the Venice Biennial (1950, 1956, 1964), the Mediterranean Biennial in Alexandria (1956, 1969), the Milan Triennial XI (1957), Documenta in Kassel (1959), the Rijeka Salon (1959, 1961). He also exhibited with Ivan Picelj and Aleksandar Srnec in Paris (Gallery Denis René, 1959) and London (1960). He participated at the New Tendencies exhibitions (Zagreb, 1963, 1969, Gelsenkirchen, 1969 and Mainz, 1971), the São Paulo Biennial (1969), and at the exhibition Constructivism and Kinetic Art (Zagreb, 1995). Gallery Nova (Zagreb, 2007), in collaboration with the artist's family, organized the opening of Bakić's first solo exhibition in Croatia after 41 years. In 1979 he received the Vladimir Nazor Award for life achievement.

Destruction of Bakić's monuments

During early 1990s, after the fall of the Communist regime, many of Bakić's Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials in Croatia were damaged, destroyed or removed from public spaces.

a) Destroyed monuments from 1990 to 1995:

• Bjelovarac, bronze, Bjelovar, a gift to his home town. Mine-blasted 1991. Restored 8. 12. 2010.
• Gudovčan, bronze, Mine-blasted 1991. Melted.
• Monument to Victory of People of Slavonia, stainless steel, Voćin. Blasted 21.2. 1992. Parts of it were used to produce utensils and dishware.
• Monuments to Partisans of Bilogora, bronze, village Bačkovica, near Bjelovar. Destroyed in 1991.
• Monument-park Dotršćina, near Zagreb, 6–7 smaller statues were destroyed or stolen.
• Busts of Ljudevit Jonke, a slavist, Silvije Strahimir Kranjčević, a poet, and Ivan Goran Kovačić, a poet. Bust of Ivan Goran Kovačić was destroyed on 17 July 2004.

b) Damaged monuments:

• Spomenik na Petrovoj gori, reinforced concrete and stainless steel. After Operation Storm monument was devastated.
• Memorial to Bakić Brothers in Bjelovar. Removed.
• Memorial on Bakić family tomb. Removed.
• Bust of Josip Broz Tito in Veliko Trojstvo removed and relocated in Bjelovar museum

Works published on Vojin Bakić

• Matić, Dušan – Vojin Bakić: Moj prijatelj, (Euroknjiga, 2007)
• Galerija Nova – Novine #12, (Zagreb, June 2007)

Gallery of work

• 
  Taurus (1956)
• 
  Monument to the Victory of the People of Slavonia, Kamenska (1957–68) Location: Kamenska, Blažuj hill (destroyed in 1992)
• 
  Rings (1974) Location: Mainz, Stresemannufer
• 
  Dotrščina Monument (main monument in the Dotrščina Memorial Park) (1963–68) Location: Zagreb
• 
  Monument to the Uprising of the People of Kordun and Banija (1971–81) Location: Petrova-Gora national park close to Vrginmost/Vojnić (2011)
• 
  Circles in the Šumarice Memorial Park (Monument to the victims of the Kragujevac massacre) (1981) Location: Kragujevac

External links

• Media related to Vojin Bakić at Wikimedia Commons