Robert Jameson: Difference between revisions
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Jameson was born in [[Leith]] on 11 July 1774, the son of Catherine Paton (1750–94) and Thomas Jameson (c.1750–1802), a soap manufacturer on Rotten Row (now Water Street).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rse.org.uk/fellowship/fells_indexp1.pdf|title=Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002|publisher=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|accessdate=19 September 2010| |
Jameson was born in [[Leith]] on 11 July 1774, the son of Catherine Paton (1750–94) and Thomas Jameson (c.1750–1802), a soap manufacturer on Rotten Row (now Water Street).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rse.org.uk/fellowship/fells_indexp1.pdf|title=Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002|publisher=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|accessdate=19 September 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004113545/http://www.rse.org.uk/fellowship/fells_indexp1.pdf|archivedate=4 October 2006|df=dmy-all}}</ref> They lived on Sherrif Brae. His early education was spent at [[Leith Grammar School]], after which he became the apprentice of the Leith surgeon John Cheyne (father of [[John Cheyne (physician)|John Cheyne]]), with the aim of going to sea. He also attended classes at the [[University of Edinburgh]] (1792–93), studying medicine, [[botany]], [[chemistry]], and [[natural history]]. His father's brother Robert Jameson, was also a physician and lived with them on Rotten Row.<ref>Edinburgh and Leith Post OfficeV directory 1775-6</ref> |
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By 1793, influenced by the Regius Professor of Natural History, [[John Walker (naturalist)|John Walker]] (1731–1803), Jameson abandoned medicine and the idea of being a ship's surgeon, and focused instead on science, particularly geology and mineralogy. It is worth noting that Walker was a presbyterian Minister who had actually combined the Regius Professorship with a period of service as [[Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland]] in 1790. |
By 1793, influenced by the Regius Professor of Natural History, [[John Walker (naturalist)|John Walker]] (1731–1803), Jameson abandoned medicine and the idea of being a ship's surgeon, and focused instead on science, particularly geology and mineralogy. It is worth noting that Walker was a presbyterian Minister who had actually combined the Regius Professorship with a period of service as [[Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland]] in 1790. |
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==Regius Professor of Natural History, University of Edinburgh== |
==Regius Professor of Natural History, University of Edinburgh== |
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In 1804, Jameson succeeded Dr Walker as the third [[Regius Professor]] of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh, a post which he held for fifty years. During this period he became the first eminent exponent in Britain of the Wernerian geological system, or [[Neptunism]], and the acknowledged leader of the Scottish Wernerians, founding and presiding over the [[Wernerian Natural History Society]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/1808wnhs.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-01-09 | |
In 1804, Jameson succeeded Dr Walker as the third [[Regius Professor]] of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh, a post which he held for fifty years. During this period he became the first eminent exponent in Britain of the Wernerian geological system, or [[Neptunism]], and the acknowledged leader of the Scottish Wernerians, founding and presiding over the [[Wernerian Natural History Society]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/1808wnhs.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-01-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204044020/http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/1808wnhs.html |archivedate=4 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> in 1808 until around 1850, when his health began to decline, together with the fortunes of the Society. Jameson's support for Neptunism, a theory that argued that all rocks had been deposited from a primaeval ocean, initially pitted him against [[James Hutton]] (1726–1797), a fellow Scot and eminent geologist also based in Edinburgh (but not in the university), who argued for [[Uniformitarianism (science)|uniformitarianism]], a theory that saw the features of the Earth's crust being caused by natural processes over geologic time. Later in life, Jameson renounced Neptunism when he found it untenable and converted to the views of his opponent, Hutton. |
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As a teacher, Jameson had a mixed reputation for imparting enthusiasm to his students; [[Thomas Carlyle]], who gave serious attention to Natural History, described Jameson's lecturing style as a "blizzard of facts" and [[Charles Darwin]] found the lectures boring, saying that they determined him "never to attend to the study of geology" . The detailed syllabus of Jameson's lectures, as drawn up by him in 1826, shows the range of his teaching. The course in zoology began with a consideration of the natural history of human beings, and concluded with lectures on the philosophy of zoology, in which the first subject was ''Origin of the Species of Animals''. (''The Scotsman'', 29 October 1935: p. 8). Modern scholarship also suggests that, by 1826, Jameson was convinced of [[Lamarckism|Lamarckian]] concepts of evolution, and that he could express this conviction only in anonymous terms. It is suspected that he authored an anonymous essay supportive of Lamarckism in the first volume of the ''[[Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal]]'' (1826).<ref>[[James A. Secord|Secord, James A.]] (1991). [http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/schaffer/449/Edinburgh%20Lamarckians.pdf "Edinburgh Lamarckians: Robert Jameson and Robert E. Grant"]. ''[[Journal of the History of Biology]]'' '''24''': 1–18.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1007/s12052-010-0280-7|title = Brocchi, Darwin, and Transmutation: Phylogenetics and Paleontology at the Dawn of Evolutionary Biology| journal=Evolution: Education and Outreach| volume=3| issue=4| pages=576–584|year = 2010|last1 = Dominici|first1 = Stefano| last2=Eldredge| first2=Niles}}</ref> |
As a teacher, Jameson had a mixed reputation for imparting enthusiasm to his students; [[Thomas Carlyle]], who gave serious attention to Natural History, described Jameson's lecturing style as a "blizzard of facts" and [[Charles Darwin]] found the lectures boring, saying that they determined him "never to attend to the study of geology" . The detailed syllabus of Jameson's lectures, as drawn up by him in 1826, shows the range of his teaching. The course in zoology began with a consideration of the natural history of human beings, and concluded with lectures on the philosophy of zoology, in which the first subject was ''Origin of the Species of Animals''. (''The Scotsman'', 29 October 1935: p. 8). Modern scholarship also suggests that, by 1826, Jameson was convinced of [[Lamarckism|Lamarckian]] concepts of evolution, and that he could express this conviction only in anonymous terms. It is suspected that he authored an anonymous essay supportive of Lamarckism in the first volume of the ''[[Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal]]'' (1826).<ref>[[James A. Secord|Secord, James A.]] (1991). [http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/schaffer/449/Edinburgh%20Lamarckians.pdf "Edinburgh Lamarckians: Robert Jameson and Robert E. Grant"]. ''[[Journal of the History of Biology]]'' '''24''': 1–18.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1007/s12052-010-0280-7|title = Brocchi, Darwin, and Transmutation: Phylogenetics and Paleontology at the Dawn of Evolutionary Biology| journal=Evolution: Education and Outreach| volume=3| issue=4| pages=576–584|year = 2010|last1 = Dominici|first1 = Stefano| last2=Eldredge| first2=Niles}}</ref> |
Revision as of 00:52, 26 September 2019
Professor Robert Jameson FRS FRSE (11 July 1774 – 19 April 1854) was a Scottish naturalist and mineralogist.
As Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh for fifty years, Jameson is notable for his advanced scholarship, his superb museum collection and for his tuition of Charles Darwin. Jameson was not at his best in the lecture theatre however, and, for the first half of his career, he grappled with his predecessor John Walker's perverse "Neptunian" geological theories. Darwin attended Robert Jameson's natural history course at the University of Edinburgh in his teenage years, learning about stratigraphic geology and assisting with the collections of the Museum of Edinburgh University, then one of the largest in Europe. At Jameson's Wernerian Natural History Association, the young Charles Darwin saw John James Audubon give a demonstration of his method of using wires to prop up birds to draw or paint them in natural positions. Robert Jameson was the great-uncle of Sir Leander Starr Jameson, Bt, KCMG, CB, British colonial official and inspiration for the Jameson Raid.
Early life
Jameson was born in Leith on 11 July 1774, the son of Catherine Paton (1750–94) and Thomas Jameson (c.1750–1802), a soap manufacturer on Rotten Row (now Water Street).[1] They lived on Sherrif Brae. His early education was spent at Leith Grammar School, after which he became the apprentice of the Leith surgeon John Cheyne (father of John Cheyne), with the aim of going to sea. He also attended classes at the University of Edinburgh (1792–93), studying medicine, botany, chemistry, and natural history. His father's brother Robert Jameson, was also a physician and lived with them on Rotten Row.[2]
By 1793, influenced by the Regius Professor of Natural History, John Walker (1731–1803), Jameson abandoned medicine and the idea of being a ship's surgeon, and focused instead on science, particularly geology and mineralogy. It is worth noting that Walker was a presbyterian Minister who had actually combined the Regius Professorship with a period of service as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1790.
In 1793, Jameson was given the responsibility of looking after the University's Natural History Collection. During this time his geological field-work frequently took him to the Isle of Arran, the Hebrides, Orkney, the Shetland Islands and the Irish mainland. In 1800, he spent a year at the mining academy in Freiberg, Saxony, where he studied under the noted geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749 or 1750–1817).
As an undergraduate, Jameson had several noteworthy classmates at the University of Edinburgh including Robert Brown, Joseph Black, and Thomas Dick.
In 1799 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Andrew Coventry, Thomas Charles Hope and Andrew Duncan.[3]
Regius Professor of Natural History, University of Edinburgh
In 1804, Jameson succeeded Dr Walker as the third Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh, a post which he held for fifty years. During this period he became the first eminent exponent in Britain of the Wernerian geological system, or Neptunism, and the acknowledged leader of the Scottish Wernerians, founding and presiding over the Wernerian Natural History Society[4] in 1808 until around 1850, when his health began to decline, together with the fortunes of the Society. Jameson's support for Neptunism, a theory that argued that all rocks had been deposited from a primaeval ocean, initially pitted him against James Hutton (1726–1797), a fellow Scot and eminent geologist also based in Edinburgh (but not in the university), who argued for uniformitarianism, a theory that saw the features of the Earth's crust being caused by natural processes over geologic time. Later in life, Jameson renounced Neptunism when he found it untenable and converted to the views of his opponent, Hutton.
As a teacher, Jameson had a mixed reputation for imparting enthusiasm to his students; Thomas Carlyle, who gave serious attention to Natural History, described Jameson's lecturing style as a "blizzard of facts" and Charles Darwin found the lectures boring, saying that they determined him "never to attend to the study of geology" . The detailed syllabus of Jameson's lectures, as drawn up by him in 1826, shows the range of his teaching. The course in zoology began with a consideration of the natural history of human beings, and concluded with lectures on the philosophy of zoology, in which the first subject was Origin of the Species of Animals. (The Scotsman, 29 October 1935: p. 8). Modern scholarship also suggests that, by 1826, Jameson was convinced of Lamarckian concepts of evolution, and that he could express this conviction only in anonymous terms. It is suspected that he authored an anonymous essay supportive of Lamarckism in the first volume of the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal (1826).[5][6]
Over Jameson's fifty-year tenure, he built up a huge collection of mineralogical and geological specimens for the Museum of Edinburgh University, including fossils, birds and insects. By 1852 there were over 74,000 zoological and geological specimens at the museum, and in Britain the natural history collection was second only to that of the British Museum. Shortly after his death, the University Museum was transferred to the British Crown and became part of the Royal Scottish Museum, now the Royal Museum, in Edinburgh's Chambers Street. He was also a prolific author of scientific papers and books, including the Mineralogy of the Scottish Isles (1800), his System of Mineralogy (1808), which ran to three editions, and Manual of Mineralogy (1821). In 1819, with Sir David Brewster (1781–1868), Jameson started the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal[7] and became its sole editor in 1824.
He died at his home, 21 Royal Circus[8] in Edinburgh on 19 April 1854, and was interred at Warriston Cemetery. He lies on the north side of the main east-west path near the old East Gate.
Artistic Recognition
A portrait of Robert Jameson is housed by the National Portrait Gallery in London, and a bust of him is in the Old College of the University of Edinburgh.
Family
Jameson never married and had no children.
He was the uncle of Robert William Jameson, Writer to the Signet and playwright of Edinburgh, and therefore also the great-uncle of Sir Leander Starr Jameson, Bt, KCMG, British colonial statesman.
His sister Janet Jameson (1776-1853) married Partick Torrie (1763-1810). They were parents to Thomas Jameson Torrie FRSE a geologist.[9]
A further nephew was William Jameson FRSE who rose to fame in India.
A species of venomous snake, Dendroaspis jamesoni, is named in honor of Robert Jameson.[10]
Publications
- (1798). The Mineralogy of the Shetland Islands and of Arran.
- (1800). Mineralogy of the Scottish Isles.
- (1804). System of Mineralogy.
- (1805). A Mineralogical Description of the County of Dumfries.
- (1805). Mineralogical Description of Scotland, vol. i, part I.
- (1809). Elements of Geognosy.
- (1813). Mineralogical Travels through the Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland Islands.
- (1821). Manual of Mineralogy.
- (1830). (With James Wilson and Hugh Murray). Narrative of Discovery and Adventure in Africa, from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time: with illustrations of the geology, mineralogy, and zoology. With a map; plans of the routes of Park, and of Denham and Clapperton; several engravings. First published in the Edinburgh Cabinet Library, 1830.
References
- ^ "Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002" (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
- ^ Edinburgh and Leith Post OfficeV directory 1775-6
- ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0 902 198 84 X.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Secord, James A. (1991). "Edinburgh Lamarckians: Robert Jameson and Robert E. Grant". Journal of the History of Biology 24: 1–18.
- ^ Dominici, Stefano; Eldredge, Niles (2010). "Brocchi, Darwin, and Transmutation: Phylogenetics and Paleontology at the Dawn of Evolutionary Biology". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 3 (4): 576–584. doi:10.1007/s12052-010-0280-7.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Edinburgh, Post Office annual directory, 1832-1833". National Library of Scotland. 1833. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0 902 198 84 X.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Jameson", p. 133).
Further reading
- Dictionary of Scientific Biography, volume II, ( New York, Scribner's, 1981)
- Encyclopædia Britannica, vol 12, ( London, William Benton, 1964)
- Birse, Ronald M, Science at the University of Edinburgh 1583–1993, (Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, 1994)
- Devlin-Thorp, Sheila, Scotland's Cultural Heritage, (Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, 1981)
- Gillispie, Charles Clouston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol vii, (New York, Scribner's, 1972)
- Grant, Alexander, The Story of the University of Edinburgh During its First 300 Years, vol.2, (London, Longmans, Green & Co, 1884)
- Seymour Fort, G. (1918) Dr Jameson. London: Hurst and Blackett, Ltd., Paternoster House, E.C. – Biography of Sir Leander Starr Jameson, which notes that Starr's '...chief Gamaliel, however, was a Professor Grant, a man of advanced age, who had been a pupil of his great-uncle, the Professor of Natural History at Edinburgh.' (p. 53).
- Lee, Sidney, ed. (1892). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 234.
- See University of Edinburgh Library Special Collections Division: Robert Jameson's Papers; Sources of Biographical History are derived from the University of Edinburgh webpages [2].
- Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. .
External links
- Works by Robert Jameson at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Robert Jameson at the Internet Archive
- Robert Jameson (1826) "Observations on the nature and importance of geology", Edinburgh New Philosophica Journal, vol. 1, p. 293-302. - fully digitized facsimile from Linda Hall Library
- 1774 births
- 1854 deaths
- 19th-century British scientists
- 19th-century Scottish people
- Academic journal editors
- Academics of the University of Edinburgh
- Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
- Burials at Warriston Cemetery
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
- People educated at Leith Academy
- People from Leith
- Proto-evolutionary biologists
- Scottish curators
- Scottish editors
- Scottish geologists
- Scottish mineralogists
- Scottish naturalists
- Scottish ornithologists