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Revision as of 05:00, 8 October 2019
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (November 2014) |
Aleksander Tõnisson | |
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| Born | 17 April 1875 Pööra, Tartu County, Russian Empire, (now Puurmani Parish, Jõgeva County, Estonia) |
| Died | 30 June 1941 (aged 66) Tallinn, Estonia |
| Allegiance |  Russian Empire Estonia |
| Years of service | 1899–1917 Imperial Russian Army 1918–1934 Estonian Army |
| Rank | Kindralmajor |
| Unit | Imperial Russian Army Estonian Army |
| Battles / wars | Russo-Japanese war World War I Estonian War of Independence |
| Awards | Cross of Liberty |
Aleksander Tõnisson VR I/1 (17 April 1875 – 30 June 1941) was an Estonian military commander (Major General) during the Estonian War of Independence.
In 1899 he graduated from Vilnius Military Academy. Tõnisson participated in Russo-Japanese war and in World War I. In 1917 he participated in formation of Estonian national units and as commander of 1st Estonian regiment participated in battles at Riga front. In 1918 he escaped from German occupation to Finland, returned in autumn and became commander of 1st Division of Estonia. During Estonian Liberation War Tõnisson fought successfully at Viru Front. After war he served twice as minister of defence, in 1934 he retired from military and was mayor of Tartu 1934–1939 and Lord Mayor (ülemlinnapea) of Tallinn 1939–1940. In 1940 Soviet occupation authorities arrested Tõnisson and executed him the following year.
Honours and awards
- Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class; for distinguished service
- Cross of Liberty, first-class, first degree.
- Commander of the Order of the Cross of the Eagle
See also
References
- Ülo Kaevats et al. 2000. Eesti entsüklopeedia 14. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, ISBN 9985-70-064-3
| International | |
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| National | |
- 1875 births
- 1941 deaths
- People from Jõgeva Parish
- People from the Governorate of Livonia
- Patriotic League (Estonia) politicians
- Defence Ministers of Estonia
- Members of the Riiginõukogu
- Mayors of Tartu
- Mayors of Tallinn
- Estonian Army generals
- Imperial Russian military personnel
- Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
- Russian military personnel of World War I
- Estonian military personnel of the Estonian War of Independence
- Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
- Recipients of the Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle, Class I
- Recipients of the Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle, Class III
- Recipients of the Protection of Natural Amenities Medal, Rank II
- Estonian people executed by the Soviet Union
- 20th-century Estonian politicians