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{{Infobox Military Memorial
{{Infobox Military Memorial
|name=Eternal Flame
| name = Eternal Flame
|native_name=Вечна ватра/''Večna vatra''
| native_name = Вечна ватра<br>Večna vatra
|country=[[Image:Flag of Serbia.svg|25px]] [[Serbia]]
| country = {{flag|Serbia}}
|image=[[File:Eternal Flame, Park of Friendship in New Belgrade.jpg|236px]]
| image = File:Eternal Flame, Park of Friendship in New Belgrade.jpg
|caption=The Eternal Flame on the 20th anniversary of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 2019
| caption = The Eternal Flame on the 20th anniversary of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 2019
|commemorates=the military and civilian victims of the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]]
| commemorates = the military and civilian victims of the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]]
|designer=Sculptors [[Svetomir Radović|Svetomir]] and [[Svetozar Radović]] and architects [[Marko Stevanović]] and [[Miodrag Cvijić]]
| designer = Sculptors [[Svetomir Radović|Svetomir]] and [[Svetozar Radović]] and architects [[Marko Stevanović]] and [[Miodrag Cvijić]]
|coordinates={{coord|44.8203346|20.4349978|type:landmark|display=|format=dms}}
| coordinates = {{coord|44.8203346|20.4349978|type:landmark|display=|format=dms}}
|location=[[Park of Friendship, New Belgrade|Park of Friendship]], [[New Belgrade]], [[Serbia]]
| location = [[Park of Friendship, New Belgrade|Park of Friendship]], [[New Belgrade]], [[Serbia]]
|unveiled= {{Start date|2000|06|12}}
| unveiled = {{Start date|2000|06|12|df=yes}}
|inscription= May this flame burn eternally as a memorial to the war that the 19 countries of the NATO pact – the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Denmark, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Iceland, Norway, Luxembourg, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic – led against Serbia from 24 March to 10 June 1999.<br><br>
| inscription = ''May this flame burn eternally as a memorial to the war that the 19 countries of the NATO pact – the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Denmark, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Iceland, Norway, Luxembourg, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic – led against Serbia from 24 March to 10 June 1999.''<br><br>


May it burn eternally as a memorial to the heroic defense of Serbia in which the entire people took part.<br><br>
''May it burn eternally as a memorial to the heroic defense of Serbia in which the entire people took part.''<br><br>


May it burn eternally for the whole world. To be free, the world must find in itself the courage and strength with which we fought and defended ourselves in the spring and summer of 1999.<br><br>
''May it burn eternally for the whole world. To be free, the world must find in itself the courage and strength with which we fought and defended ourselves in the spring and summer of 1999.''<br><br>


The people of Serbia
''The people of Serbia''
}}
}}
The '''Eternal Flame''' ({{lang-sr|Вечна ватра or Večna vatra}}) is a memorial in the [[Park of Friendship, New Belgrade|Park of Friendship]] in [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]] dedicated to the military and civilian victims of the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]].
The '''Eternal Flame''' ({{lang-sr|Вечна ватра|Večna vatra}}) is a memorial in the [[Park of Friendship, New Belgrade|Park of Friendship]] in [[Belgrade]], the capital of Serbia dedicated to the military and civilian victims of the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]].


The memorial was unveiled on June 12, 2000, to commemorate the first anniversary of the end of the bombing. It was vandalized following the [[overthrow of Slobodan Milošević]] and was in a state of ruin for several years.<ref name="politika 2010">{{cite web |last1=Mučibabić |first1=Daliborka |title=„Večna vatra” – paljenje ili rušenje |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/142222/Vecna-vatra-paljenje-ili-rusenje |publisher=Politika |accessdate=1 November 2018 |language=Serbian |date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
The memorial was unveiled on 12 June 2000, to commemorate the first anniversary of the end of the bombing. It was vandalized following the [[overthrow of Slobodan Milošević]] and was in a state of ruin for several years.<ref name="politika 2010">{{cite web |last1=Mučibabić |first1=Daliborka |title=„Večna vatra” – paljenje ili rušenje |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/142222/Vecna-vatra-paljenje-ili-rusenje |publisher=Politika |accessdate=1 November 2018 |language=Serbian |date=13 July 2010}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The monument was largely conceived by [[Mirjana Marković]], the leader of the [[Yugoslav Left]] and wife of [[President of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav president]] [[Slobodan Milošević]]. It was originally planned to have a height of 78 meters, to symbolize the 78 days of the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]].
The monument was largely conceived by [[Mirjana Marković]], the leader of the [[Yugoslav Left]] and wife of [[President of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav president]] [[Slobodan Milošević]]. It was originally planned to have a height of 78 meters, to symbolize the 78 days of the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]].


It was completed in only 10 days and was unveiled by [[President of Serbia|Serbian president]] [[Milan Milutinović]] on June 12, 2000. The ceremony was attended by [[Ministry of Defence (Yugoslavia)|Federal Defence Minister]] [[Dragoljub Ojdanić]], chairman of the Directorate for the Reconstruction of the Country [[Milutin Mrkonjić]] and many other high-ranking officials.<ref name="vreme 2000">{{cite web |last1=Vasić |first1=Biljana |title=Noći i dani Mirjane Marković |url=https://www.vreme.com/arhiva_html/493/07.html |publisher=Vreme |accessdate=25 March 2019 |language=Serbian |date=17 June 2000}}</ref>
It was completed in only 10 days and was unveiled by [[President of Serbia|Serbian president]] [[Milan Milutinović]] on 12 June 2000. The ceremony was attended by [[Ministry of Defence (Yugoslavia)|Federal Defence Minister]] [[Dragoljub Ojdanić]], chairman of the Directorate for the Reconstruction of the Country [[Milutin Mrkonjić]] and many other high-ranking officials.<ref name="vreme 2000">{{cite web |last1=Vasić |first1=Biljana |title=Noći i dani Mirjane Marković |url=https://www.vreme.com/arhiva_html/493/07.html |publisher=Vreme |accessdate=25 March 2019 |language=Serbian |date=17 June 2000}}</ref>


During the [[overthrow of Slobodan Milošević]] in October 2000, the monument was vandalized and the gas flow was stopped. Notably, an early [[Art intervention|intervention]] was the replacement of the word "vatra" with "vutra" – the word for marijuana in the [[šatrovački]] street slang.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mihaljinac |first1=Nina |title=Svedočenje i reprezentacija traume u vizuelnim umetnostima: NATO bombardovanje SR Jugoslavije |date=September 2016 |page=189 |url=http://www.arts.bg.ac.rs/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Nina-Mihaljinac_doktorska-disertacija.pdf |accessdate=25 March 2019 |publisher=Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian}}</ref> In the following years, the obelisk was defaced with graffiti and the letters of the inscription were progressively stolen until only two commas were left in 2006. This has been studied by the Russian-Swedish artist Alexander Vaindorf as an example of the mechanisms of the reconstruction of history.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vaindorf |first1=Alexander |title=Fallrise |url=http://projectspace.uqbar-ev.de/uploads/docs/vaindorf_uqbar_press_en.pdf |publisher=Uqbar, 4th Ars Baltica Triennial Don’t Worry –Be Curious! |accessdate=25 March 2019}}</ref>
During the [[overthrow of Slobodan Milošević]] in October 2000, the monument was vandalized and the gas flow was stopped. Notably, an early [[Art intervention|intervention]] was the replacement of the word "vatra" with "vutra" – the word for marijuana in the [[šatrovački]] street slang.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mihaljinac |first1=Nina |title=Svedočenje i reprezentacija traume u vizuelnim umetnostima: NATO bombardovanje SR Jugoslavije |date=September 2016 |page=189 |url=http://www.arts.bg.ac.rs/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Nina-Mihaljinac_doktorska-disertacija.pdf |accessdate=25 March 2019 |publisher=Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian}}</ref> In the following years, the obelisk was defaced with graffiti and the letters of the inscription were progressively stolen until only two commas were left in 2006. This has been studied by the Russian-Swedish artist Alexander Vaindorf as an example of the mechanisms of the reconstruction of history.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vaindorf |first1=Alexander |title=Fallrise |url=http://projectspace.uqbar-ev.de/uploads/docs/vaindorf_uqbar_press_en.pdf |publisher=Uqbar, 4th Ars Baltica Triennial Don’t Worry –Be Curious! |accessdate=25 March 2019}}</ref>
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Thanks to an initiative by the Generals and Admirals Club of Serbia, the monument was cleaned in 2009. The Street and Square Names Commission stated that the monument was never restored because it was erected contrary to usual procedure, and was not protected by the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments.<ref name="politika 2010" /> The plateau surrounding the monument was renovated in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Uređenje platoa oko spomenika „Večna vatra” na Ušću |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/foto-galerija/339496/ |accessdate=25 March 2019 |date=1 March 2019 |language=Serbian}}</ref>
Thanks to an initiative by the Generals and Admirals Club of Serbia, the monument was cleaned in 2009. The Street and Square Names Commission stated that the monument was never restored because it was erected contrary to usual procedure, and was not protected by the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments.<ref name="politika 2010" /> The plateau surrounding the monument was renovated in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Uređenje platoa oko spomenika „Večna vatra” na Ušću |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/foto-galerija/339496/ |accessdate=25 March 2019 |date=1 March 2019 |language=Serbian}}</ref>


In March 2019, the [[Party of Modern Serbia]] started an initiative to redesign the monument as a ''Monument to the Victims of the 1987-2000 Regime''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inicijativa Stranke moderne Srbije (SMS) za preimenovanje i prenamenu spomenika ”Večna vatra” na Ušću, Novi Beograd, u ”Spomenik žrtava režima 1987-2000” |url=https://moderna.org.rs/2019/03/23/inicijativa-stranke-moderne-srbije-sms-za-preimenovanje-i-prenamenu-spomenika-vecna-vatra-na-uscu-novi-beograd-u-spomenik-zrtava-rezima-1987-2000/?script=lat |publisher=Stranka Moderne Srbije |accessdate=25 March 2019 |language=Serbian |date=23 March 2019}}</ref>
In March 2019, the [[Party of Modern Serbia]] started an initiative to redesign the monument as a ''Monument to the Victims of the 1987–2000 Regime''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inicijativa Stranke moderne Srbije (SMS) za preimenovanje i prenamenu spomenika ”Večna vatra” na Ušću, Novi Beograd, u ”Spomenik žrtava režima 1987-2000” |url=https://moderna.org.rs/2019/03/23/inicijativa-stranke-moderne-srbije-sms-za-preimenovanje-i-prenamenu-spomenika-vecna-vatra-na-uscu-novi-beograd-u-spomenik-zrtava-rezima-1987-2000/?script=lat |publisher=Stranka Moderne Srbije |accessdate=25 March 2019 |language=Serbian |date=23 March 2019}}</ref>


==Location==
==Location==
Line 111: Line 111:


== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==

<center>
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 126: Line 125:


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Park of Friendship, New Belgrade]]
* [[Park of Friendship, New Belgrade]]
*[[Mirjana Marković]]
* [[Mirjana Marković]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:25, 21 October 2019

Eternal Flame
Вечна ватра
Večna vatra
 Serbia
The Eternal Flame on the 20th anniversary of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 2019
For the military and civilian victims of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
Unveiled12 June 2000 (2000-06-12)
Location44°49′13″N 20°26′06″E / 44.8203346°N 20.4349978°E / 44.8203346; 20.4349978
Park of Friendship, New Belgrade, Serbia
Designed bySculptors Svetomir and Svetozar Radović and architects Marko Stevanović and Miodrag Cvijić
May this flame burn eternally as a memorial to the war that the 19 countries of the NATO pact – the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Denmark, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Iceland, Norway, Luxembourg, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic – led against Serbia from 24 March to 10 June 1999.

May it burn eternally as a memorial to the heroic defense of Serbia in which the entire people took part.

May it burn eternally for the whole world. To be free, the world must find in itself the courage and strength with which we fought and defended ourselves in the spring and summer of 1999.

The people of Serbia

The Eternal Flame (Template:Lang-sr) is a memorial in the Park of Friendship in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia dedicated to the military and civilian victims of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.

The memorial was unveiled on 12 June 2000, to commemorate the first anniversary of the end of the bombing. It was vandalized following the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević and was in a state of ruin for several years.[1]

History

The monument was largely conceived by Mirjana Marković, the leader of the Yugoslav Left and wife of Yugoslav president Slobodan Milošević. It was originally planned to have a height of 78 meters, to symbolize the 78 days of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.

It was completed in only 10 days and was unveiled by Serbian president Milan Milutinović on 12 June 2000. The ceremony was attended by Federal Defence Minister Dragoljub Ojdanić, chairman of the Directorate for the Reconstruction of the Country Milutin Mrkonjić and many other high-ranking officials.[2]

During the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević in October 2000, the monument was vandalized and the gas flow was stopped. Notably, an early intervention was the replacement of the word "vatra" with "vutra" – the word for marijuana in the šatrovački street slang.[3] In the following years, the obelisk was defaced with graffiti and the letters of the inscription were progressively stolen until only two commas were left in 2006. This has been studied by the Russian-Swedish artist Alexander Vaindorf as an example of the mechanisms of the reconstruction of history.[4]

Thanks to an initiative by the Generals and Admirals Club of Serbia, the monument was cleaned in 2009. The Street and Square Names Commission stated that the monument was never restored because it was erected contrary to usual procedure, and was not protected by the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments.[1] The plateau surrounding the monument was renovated in 2019.[5]

In March 2019, the Party of Modern Serbia started an initiative to redesign the monument as a Monument to the Victims of the 1987–2000 Regime.[6]

Location

The memorial is located in the Park of Friendship, in the Ušće neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia. The place was formerly occupied by a statue of Thutmose III, a gift from the government of Egypt.[7]

Design

The monument consists of a 27-meter tall concrete obelisk, topped with a 5-meter tall bronze fire sculpture from which an eternal flame protrudes. The gas for the eternal flame is supplied by the company Energogas.[2] As of March 2019, it has been inoperative since the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević during which the piping was damaged.

It was originally decorated with 4 searchlights mounted on the base of the obelisk, which were later stolen and have not been replaced as of March 2019.

Inscription

The 5.5-meter wide eastern wall of the obelisk's base was originally decorated with a short text by Mirjana Marković. The letters of the text have all been stolen, and haven't been replaced as of March 2019.[8]

Serbian Cyrillic English
Вечна ватра

Ова ватра нека вечно гори као успомена на рат који је 19 земаља НАТО пакта –
Сједињене Америчке Државе, Канада, Велика Британија, Француска, Немачка,
Холандија, Италија, Грчка, Турска, Данска, Белгија, Шпанија, Португалија, Исланд,
Норвешка, Луксембург, Пољска, Мађарска и Чешка –
водило против Србије од 24. марта до 10. јуна 1999. године.

Нека вечно гори и као успомена на херојску одбрану Србије у којој је учествовао цео народ.

Нека вечно гори и за цео свет. Да би био слободан, свет мора да нађе у себи
храброст и снагу са којим смо се ми борили и одбранили у пролеће и лето
1999. године.

Народ Србије

The Eternal Flame

May this flame burn eternally as a memorial to the war that the 19 countries of the NATO pact –
the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany,
the Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Denmark, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Iceland,
Norway, Luxembourg, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic –
led against Serbia from 24 March to 10 June 1999.

May it burn eternally as a memorial to the heroic defence of Serbia in which the entire people took part.

May it burn eternally for the whole world. To be free, the world must find in itself
the courage and strength with which we fought and defended ourselves in the spring and summer
of 1999.

The people of Serbia

The northern and southern walls are decorated with marble blocks containing quotes from the poems Jugoslavija (Yugoslavia) and Domovini (To the Homeland) by Branko Miljković.[1]

Serbian Cyrillic English
Југославија
Све што нема ватре у себи сагори
Што сагори постаје ноћ
Што не изгори рађа дан
Бранко Миљковић
Yugoslavia
Everything that doesn't have fire in itself burns out
What burns out becomes night
What doesn't burn out, creates the day
Branko Miljković
Serbian Cyrillic English
Домовини
И када би ме убили
Волим те
Бранко Миљковић
To the Homeland
Even if they were to kill me
I love you
Branko Miljković
  • The monument vandalized with graffiti in 2008.
    The monument vandalized with graffiti in 2008.
  • Plaque containing the poem Yugoslavia by Branko Miljković, northern wall of the obelisk.
    Plaque containing the poem Yugoslavia by Branko Miljković, northern wall of the obelisk.
  • Plaque containing the poem To the Homeland by Branko Miljković, southern wall of the obelisk.
    Plaque containing the poem To the Homeland by Branko Miljković, southern wall of the obelisk.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eternal flame (Belgrade).

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Mučibabić, Daliborka (13 July 2010). "„Večna vatra" – paljenje ili rušenje" (in Serbian). Politika. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  2. ^ a b Vasić, Biljana (17 June 2000). "Noći i dani Mirjane Marković" (in Serbian). Vreme. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  3. ^ Mihaljinac, Nina (September 2016). "Svedočenje i reprezentacija traume u vizuelnim umetnostima: NATO bombardovanje SR Jugoslavije" (PDF) (in Serbian). Belgrade: Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu: 189. Retrieved 25 March 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ Vaindorf, Alexander. "Fallrise" (PDF). Uqbar, 4th Ars Baltica Triennial Don’t Worry –Be Curious!. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  5. ^ "Uređenje platoa oko spomenika „Večna vatra" na Ušću" (in Serbian). 1 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  6. ^ "Inicijativa Stranke moderne Srbije (SMS) za preimenovanje i prenamenu spomenika "Večna vatra" na Ušću, Novi Beograd, u "Spomenik žrtava režima 1987-2000"" (in Serbian). Stranka Moderne Srbije. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  7. ^ Vuković, Z. (22 July 2010). "Gde je nestao faraon" (in Serbian). Danas. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  8. ^ Kostić, Slobodan (12 December 2002). "Skrušeno dostojanstvo" (in Serbian). Vreme. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
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