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"Sammankomsten" ("Thvh bvhhjhg hubg kkf yese Meeting"), oil painting by Ester Almqvist, original at the Swedish National Museum. The painting was chosen by the UN as a motif for a stamp commemorating the establishment of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, paragraph 20: the Right of Assembly

Freedom of peaceful assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.^[2] The right to freedom of association is recognized as a human right, a political right and a civil liberty.

The terms freedom of assembly and freedom of association may be used to distinguish between the freedom to assemble in public places and the freedom to join an association. Freedom of assembly is often used in the context of the right to protest, while freedom of association is used in the context of labor rights and in the Constitution of the United States is interpreted to mean both the freedom to assemble and the freedom to join an association.^[3]

The United States Constitution explicitly provides for 'the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances' in the First Amendment.

Human rights instruments

Freedom of assembly is included in, among others, the following human rights instruments:

Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Article 20
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – Article 21
European Convention on Human Rights – Article 11
American Convention on Human Rights – Article 15

National and regional constitutions that recognize freedom of assembly include:

Bangladesh – Articles 37 and 38 of the Constitution of Bangladesh guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.^[4]
Brazil – Article 5
Canada – S. 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which forms part of the Constitution Act, 1982
France – Article 431-1 of the Nouveau Code Pènal
Germany – Article 8 GG (Grundgesetz, Basic Law)
Hong Kong – Basic Law Section 27
Hungary – Article VIII (1) of the Fundamental Law
India – Fundamental Rights in India
Ireland - Article 40.6.1° of the Constitution, as enumerated under the heading "Fundamental Rights"^[5]^[6]
Italy – Article 17 of the Constitution^[7]
Japan – Article 21
Macau Basic Law Article 27
Malaysia – Article 10 of the Constitution of Malaysia
New Zealand – section 16 New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
Norway – section 101 of the Constitution of Norway
Constitution of the Philippines Article III, Section 4
Republic of Ireland – Guaranteed by Article 40.6.1 of the Constitution of Ireland
Russia – Articles 30 and 31 of the Constitution of Russia guarantee the freedom of association and peaceful assembly.^[8]
South Africa Bill of Rights – Article 17
Spain – Article 21 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978
Turkey – Articles 33 and 34 of the Constitution of Turkey guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
Taiwan (Republic of China) – Article 14 guarantees freedom of assembly and association.
United States – First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States

References

^ California Vehicle Code § 21950(b): "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."
^ Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20
^ See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).
^ "Constitution of Bangladesh: Chapter III". Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
^ Citizensinformation.ie. "Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution". www.citizensinformation.ie. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
^ (eISB), electronic Irish Statute Book. "electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)". www.irishstatutebook.ie. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
^ "The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.
^ "Constitution of Russia: Article 30". Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993.

External links

Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly OSCE/ODIHR, 2007
- Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly (2nd edition) Venice Commission and OSCE/ODIHR, 2010

[1] California Vehicle Code § 21950(b): "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."

[2] Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20

[3] See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).

[bd-4] "Constitution of Bangladesh: Chapter III". Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2011.

[5] Citizensinformation.ie. "Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution". www.citizensinformation.ie. Retrieved 2018-03-03.

[6] (eISB), electronic Irish Statute Book. "electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)". www.irishstatutebook.ie. Retrieved 2018-03-03.

[7] "The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.

[ru-8] "Constitution of Russia: Article 30". Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
 {{Short description|Right to form social or political groups and hold meetings}}
-[[File:Themeeting.jpg|thumb|"Sammankomsten" ("The Meeting"), oil painting by [[Ester Almqvist]], original at the [[Swedish National Museum]]. The painting was chosen by the [[United Nations|UN]] as a motif for a stamp commemorating the establishment of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], paragraph 20: the Right of Assembly]]
+[[File:Themeeting.jpg|thumb|"Sammankomsten" ("Thvh bvhhjhg hubg kkf yese Meeting"), oil painting by [[Ester Almqvist]], original at the [[Swedish National Museum]]. The painting was chosen by the [[United Nations|UN]] as a motif for a stamp commemorating the establishment of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], paragraph 20: the Right of Assembly]]
-[[File:Janitor strike santa monica.jpg|thumb|[[Janitor]]ial workers striking in front of the [[MTV]] building in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], [[California]].  Although striking in a [[trade union]] is a way of exercising freedom of assembly and freedom of association, other aspects of the conduct of the workers depicted here, such as pedestrian blocking of vehicle traffic in whichever direction has the [[Right-of-way (traffic)#Intersections|right of way]] at this signal-controlled intersection, may violate local or state laws such as California Vehicle Code § 21950(b).<ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&division=11.&title=&part=&chapter=5.&article= California Vehicle Code § 21950(b)]: "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."</ref>]]
+[[File:Janitor strike santa monica.jpg|thumb|[[Janitor]]ial wrfftftttftgfrfgggcfrorkers striking in front of the [[MTV]] building in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], [[California]].  Although striking in a [[trade union]] is a way of exercising freedom of assembly and freedom of association, other aspects of the conduct of the workers depicted here, such as pedestrian blocking of vehicle traffic in whichever direction has the [[Right-of-way (traffic)#Intersections|right of way]] at this signal-controlled intersection, may violate local or state laws such as California Vehicle Code § 21950(b).<ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&division=11.&title=&part=&chapter=5.&article= California Vehicle Code § 21950(b)]: "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."</ref>]]
 [[File:Occupy Oakland Nov 12 2011 PM 57.jpg|thumb|Posted excerpt from the [[US Constitution]], at an [[Occupy Oakland]] event, 2011]]

v t e Liberty
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See also	Liberty, equality, brotherhood All men are created equal Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness Universal Declaration of Human Rights Anarchism Autonomy Civil libertarianism Drug liberalization Left-libertarianism Libertarianism Right-libertarianism

v t e Substantive human rights
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
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Revision as of 13:31, 4 November 2019

Human rights instruments

See also

References

External links