Combat Exclusion Policy: Difference between revisions
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The policy also excluded women being assigned to certain organizations based upon proximity to direct combat or "collocation" as the policy specifically refers to it.<ref name=DOD>{{cite web|title=Department of Defense active duty military personnel by rank/grade|url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/national_security_veterans_affairs/military_personnel_and_expenditures.html|publisher=Department of Defense|accessdate=May 10, 2012}}</ref> According to the Army, collocation occurs when, "the position or unit routinely physically locates and remains with a military unit assigned a doctrinal mission to routinely engage in direct combat."<ref name="Army regulation">{{cite journal|last=Army Regulation |title=Army Regulation 600-13, Army Policy For The Assignment of Female Soldiers.|journal=Department of the Army |date=27 March 1992}}</ref> If a support soldier lives and works in the same area as a combat soldier, then they are "collocated." How this affects assignments is that if a unit whose mission does not exclude females, for example a medical unit, is a subunit of a unit whose mission is that of direct combat, like an infantry unit, the medical unit will be closed to women because of collocation. |
The policy also excluded women being assigned to certain organizations based upon proximity to direct combat or "collocation" as the policy specifically refers to it.<ref name=DOD>{{cite web|title=Department of Defense active duty military personnel by rank/grade|url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/national_security_veterans_affairs/military_personnel_and_expenditures.html|publisher=Department of Defense|accessdate=May 10, 2012}}</ref> According to the Army, collocation occurs when, "the position or unit routinely physically locates and remains with a military unit assigned a doctrinal mission to routinely engage in direct combat."<ref name="Army regulation">{{cite journal|last=Army Regulation |title=Army Regulation 600-13, Army Policy For The Assignment of Female Soldiers.|journal=Department of the Army |date=27 March 1992}}</ref> If a support soldier lives and works in the same area as a combat soldier, then they are "collocated." How this affects assignments is that if a unit whose mission does not exclude females, for example a medical unit, is a subunit of a unit whose mission is that of direct combat, like an infantry unit, the medical unit will be closed to women because of collocation. |
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In 2011, a commission headed by [[Lester L. Lyles]], a retired Air Force general, recommended eliminating the policy, calling it a hindrance to promotion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=63057# |title=Panel Says Rescind Policy on Women in Combat |access-date=February 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205071310/http://www.defense.gov/News/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=63057# |archive-date=February 5, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |
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In February 2012, a review of pentagon policies resulted in the lifting of restrictions on 14,000 military positions. Women remained ineligible to serve in 238,000 positions, about a fifth of the armed forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16975751 |title=US military to ease curbs on women in combat roles |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2018-09-18}}</ref> |
In February 2012, a review of pentagon policies resulted in the lifting of restrictions on 14,000 military positions. Women remained ineligible to serve in 238,000 positions, about a fifth of the armed forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16975751 |title=US military to ease curbs on women in combat roles |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2018-09-18}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 16:48, 7 November 2019
The ground combat exclusion policy of the United States Army dates back to 1948 when the Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1948 excluded women from combat positions.[1]
History
On April 28, 1993, combat exclusion was lifted from aviation positions by Secretary of Defense Les Aspin, permitting women to serve in almost any aviation capacity.[2] Some restrictions were maintained on aviation units in direct support of ground units and special operations aviation units.
In 1994, the Pentagon declared:
Service members are eligible to be assigned to all positions for which they are qualified, except that women shall be excluded from assignment to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground.[3]
This includes assignments to the Infantry, Artillery, Special Forces and Armor.
The policy also excluded women being assigned to certain organizations based upon proximity to direct combat or "collocation" as the policy specifically refers to it.[4] According to the Army, collocation occurs when, "the position or unit routinely physically locates and remains with a military unit assigned a doctrinal mission to routinely engage in direct combat."[5] If a support soldier lives and works in the same area as a combat soldier, then they are "collocated." How this affects assignments is that if a unit whose mission does not exclude females, for example a medical unit, is a subunit of a unit whose mission is that of direct combat, like an infantry unit, the medical unit will be closed to women because of collocation.
In 2011, a commission headed by Lester L. Lyles, a retired Air Force general, recommended eliminating the policy, calling it a hindrance to promotion.[6]
In February 2012, a review of pentagon policies resulted in the lifting of restrictions on 14,000 military positions. Women remained ineligible to serve in 238,000 positions, about a fifth of the armed forces.[7]
Women serving in the U.S. military in the past have often seen combat despite the Combat Exclusion Policy. Due to a shortage of troops, women were temporarily attached to direct combat units slipping in through a bureaucratic loophole.[8] Although they were not supposed to be in positions that engaged in direct combat, and were ineligible for combat pay, thousands of women have engaged the enemy directly in Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom.
Combat Exclusion Policy Lifted
The Combat Exclusion Policy was lifted as of January 24, 2013, following a unanimous recommendation by the joint Chiefs of Staff.[9] Both men and women are eligible to serve in front line combat and complete combat operations.[10] The lifting of the ban was announced at a Pentagon press conference by Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta, and the joint chiefs chairmen, Army Gen. Martin E. Dempsey. Panetta said that the ban was lifted because “If members of our military can meet the qualifications for a job, then they should have the right to serve, regardless of creed, color, gender or sexual orientation,” [11]
The various service branches were given until January 2016 to implement changes and submit requests to exclude specific Military Occupational Specialties from the ban being lifted. Panetta further said that initial implementation plans were to be submitted to him by May 15, 2014.[12]
See also
External links
- Women in Combat, policy change briefing by SecDef Les Aspin, April 28, 1993 (C-SPAN video, with transcript)
References
- ^ Combat Exclusion: An Equal Protection Analysis, Captain Stephanie Stephens, DTIC
- ^ Lohrenz, Carey D. (January 30, 2013). "Time for Some Fearless Leadership | TIME.com". Nation.time.com. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
- ^ New York Times - October 11, 2009
- ^ "Department of Defense active duty military personnel by rank/grade". Department of Defense. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
- ^ Army Regulation (March 27, 1992). "Army Regulation 600-13, Army Policy For The Assignment of Female Soldiers". Department of the Army.
- ^ "Panel Says Rescind Policy on Women in Combat". Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ^ "US military to ease curbs on women in combat roles". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
- ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth (February 9, 2012). "Pentagon allows women closer to combat, but not close enough for some". New York Times. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 12, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Amos, James F. "General". Commandant of the Marine Corps. United States Marine Corps. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
- ^ Roulo, Claudette (January 24, 2013). "Defense Department Expands Women's Combat Role". American Forces Press Service. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ^ Vanden Brook, Tom; Michaels, Jim (January 23, 2013). "Officials: Panetta opens combat roles to women". Army Times. Retrieved March 3, 2014.