Sua Pan: Difference between revisions
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{{short description| |
{{short description|Topographic depression in the Makgadikgadi region of Botswana}} |
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{{Infobox valley |
{{Infobox valley |
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}}</ref> The Sua [[salt pan (geology)|salt pan]] is one of three large pans within the Makgadikgadi, the other two being [[Nxai Pan]] and [[Nwetwe Pan]].<ref>B.R. Davies, 1986</ref> |
}}</ref> The Sua [[salt pan (geology)|salt pan]] is one of three large pans within the Makgadikgadi, the other two being [[Nxai Pan]] and [[Nwetwe Pan]].<ref>B.R. Davies, 1986</ref> |
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The Sua Pan was first described to the European world by [[David Livingstone]], pursuant to his [[explorer|explorations]] in this region.<ref>D. Livingstone, 1868</ref> Significant [[archaeological]] recoveries have been made within the Nwetwe Pan, featuring [[stone-age]] tools from peoples who lived in this area<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789401775199|title=Africa from MIS 6-2: Population Dynamics and Paleoenvironments|date=2016|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=9789401775199|editor-last=Jones|editor-first=Sacha C.|series=Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology |
The Sua Pan was first described to the European world by [[David Livingstone]], pursuant to his [[explorer|explorations]] in this region.<ref>D. Livingstone, 1868</ref> Significant [[archaeological]] recoveries have been made within the Nwetwe Pan, featuring [[stone-age]] tools from peoples who lived in this area<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789401775199|title=Africa from MIS 6-2: Population Dynamics and Paleoenvironments|date=2016|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=9789401775199|editor-last=Jones|editor-first=Sacha C.|series=Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology|editor-last2=Stewart|editor-first2=Brian A.}}</ref> when a large year-round lake occupied the Sua and Nwetwe Pans.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burrough|first=Sallie L.|last2=Thomas|first2=David S.G.|last3=Bailey|first3=Richard M.|date=July 2009|title=Mega-Lake in the Kalahari: A Late Pleistocene record of the Palaeolake Makgadikgadi system|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379109000584|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=28|issue=15-16|pages=1392–1411|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.007}}</ref> |
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The Brines of Sua Pan being one of the largest playa lakes in the world spans approximately 24000 square kilometers. While [[sodium chloride]] is the prime constituent, there are many other salts found within this area such as [[sodium carbonate]], [[sodium bicarbonate]], [[sodium sulfate]], and minor amounts of [[potassium chloride]] ([[potash]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Republic of Botswana|date=November 24, 1980|title=Botswana Soda-ash Study Contract No. AID/SOD/PDC-C-0407|url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAY142.pdf|journal=The Brines of Sua Pan|publisher=United States Agency for International Development|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref> |
The Brines of Sua Pan being one of the largest playa lakes in the world spans approximately 24000 square kilometers. While [[sodium chloride]] is the prime constituent, there are many other salts found within this area such as [[sodium carbonate]], [[sodium bicarbonate]], [[sodium sulfate]], and minor amounts of [[potassium chloride]] ([[potash]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Republic of Botswana|date=November 24, 1980|title=Botswana Soda-ash Study Contract No. AID/SOD/PDC-C-0407|url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAY142.pdf|journal=The Brines of Sua Pan|publisher=United States Agency for International Development|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 19:17, 13 November 2019
| Sua Pan | |
|---|---|
  Sua Pan | |
| Geography | |
| Country | Botswana |
| District | Kalahari Desert |
| Population center | Sowa |
| Coordinates | 20°59′32″S 25°58′22″E / 20.99219°S 25.97289°E |
The Sua Pan or Sowa Pan is a large natural topographic depression within the Makgadikgadi region of Botswana. It is located near the village of Sowa, whose name means salt in the language of the San.[1][2] The Sua salt pan is one of three large pans within the Makgadikgadi, the other two being Nxai Pan and Nwetwe Pan.[3]
The Sua Pan was first described to the European world by David Livingstone, pursuant to his explorations in this region.[4] Significant archaeological recoveries have been made within the Nwetwe Pan, featuring stone-age tools from peoples who lived in this area[5] when a large year-round lake occupied the Sua and Nwetwe Pans.[6]
The Brines of Sua Pan being one of the largest playa lakes in the world spans approximately 24000 square kilometers. While sodium chloride is the prime constituent, there are many other salts found within this area such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, and minor amounts of potassium chloride (potash).[7]
Currently, Sua Pan is a seasonal lake; it fills with water during the Summer rainy season and retains water until April or May.[8] Among the more successful wildlife conservation projects in Botswana was the community-initiated Nata Bird Sanctuary in the northeast of this area. It opened in 1993 and was awarded that year the "Tourism for Tomorrow Award" for the Southern Hemisphere.[9] It is supported by members of four nearby villages, who have helped make it a success.
One of the tributaries of the Sua Pan is the Mosetse River. The village of Mosetse is named for it and lies along the river.
Industry
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Sua Pan is also the site of sodium carbonate (soda ash) mining company Botash. The company is half owned by the Botswana government and produces over 300,000 tonnes of soda ash and 450,000 tonnes of salt per year.[10]
In addition to producing sodium carbonate, the mine also produces halite, sodium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate salts. The mine uses a variation of the solvay process to produce their soda ash and byproducts.[11]
See also
Sources
- David Livingstone (1868) Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa: Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years' Residence in the Interior of Africa, Harper Publishers.
- C.Michael Hogan (2008) Makgadikgadi, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham
- Bryan Robert Davies and Keith F. Walker (1986), The Ecology of River Systems, Springer, 733 pages, ISBN 90-6193-540-7, ISBN 978-90-6193-540-7.
Footnotes
- ^ Sowa Pan Archived 2011-02-20 at the Wayback Machine. Botswana Tourism Board.
- ^ Murphy, Alan (2007). Southern Africa (4th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-74059-745-6. OCLC 156530975.
- ^ B.R. Davies, 1986
- ^ D. Livingstone, 1868
- ^ Jones, Sacha C.; Stewart, Brian A., eds. (2016). Africa from MIS 6-2: Population Dynamics and Paleoenvironments. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer Netherlands. ISBN 9789401775199.
- ^ Burrough, Sallie L.; Thomas, David S.G.; Bailey, Richard M. (July 2009). "Mega-Lake in the Kalahari: A Late Pleistocene record of the Palaeolake Makgadikgadi system". Quaternary Science Reviews. 28 (15–16): 1392–1411. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.007.
- ^ "Botswana Soda-ash Study Contract No. AID/SOD/PDC-C-0407" (PDF). The Brines of Sua Pan. United States Agency for International Development. November 24, 1980.
{{cite journal}}:|first=missing|last=(help) - ^ http://makgadikgadi-pans.botswana.co.za/makgadikgadi-pans-climate.html
- ^ Chris McIntyre (2010). Botswana: Okavango Delta, Chobe, Northern Kalahari. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 387–. ISBN 978-1-84162-308-5. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ http://www.botash.bw/company-history/
- ^ Frank D.Eckardt, Robert G.Bryant, Graham McCulloch, Baruch Spiro, Warren W.Wood (2008). "The hydrochemistry of a semi-arid pan basin case study: Sua Pan, Makgadikgadi, Botswana". Applied Geochemistry. 23 (6): 1563–1580. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.033.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)