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[[File:The awakening of China (1907) (14761496004).jpg|thumb|Imperial lecture-room in the old university building ]]
[[File:The awakening of China (1907) (14761496004).jpg|thumb|Imperial lecture-room in the old university building ]]
'''Taixue''' ('''Tai-hsueh'''; {{zh|s=太学|t=太學|l=Greatest Study or Learning}}), or sometimes called the "Imperial Academy", "Imperial School", "Imperial University"<ref name="Sullivan1962">{{cite book|author=Michael Sullivan|title=The Birth of Landscape Painting in China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8q260xqfAQC&pg=PA26&dq=125BC++imperial+university&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAGoVChMIz4b3vdnLyAIVy3A-Ch0t5wF0#v=onepage&q=125BC%20%20imperial%20university&f=false|year=1962|publisher=University of California Press|pages=26–|id=GGKEY:APYE9RBQ0TH}}</ref><ref name="Sullivan1980">{{cite book|author=Michael Sullivan|title=Chinese landscape painting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOUuAQAAIAAJ&q=125BC++imperial+university&dq=125BC++imperial+university&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAWoVChMIz4b3vdnLyAIVy3A-Ch0t5wF0|year=1980|publisher=University of California Press|page=26}}</ref><ref name="Wilson1997">{{cite book|author=Wesley M. Wilson|title=Ancient civilizations, religions, Africa, Asia, world problems & solutions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgESAQAAIAAJ&q=University+chang&dq=University+chang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=|date=1 February 1997|publisher=Professional Press|page=192}}</ref><ref name="Cotterell2011">{{cite book|author=Arthur Cotterell|title=China: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kovlqk8dakkC&pg=PT104&dq=125BC++imperial+university&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCGoVChMIz4b3vdnLyAIVy3A-Ch0t5wF0#v=onepage&q=125BC%20%20imperial%20university&f=false|date=31 August 2011|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4464-8447-0|pages=104–}}</ref> or "Imperial Central University", was the highest rank of educational establishment in Ancient China between the [[Han Dynasty]] and [[Sui Dynasty]]. The university held 30,000 students and administration during the 2nd century. This provided the Han Dynasty with well-educated bureaucrats. It was replaced by the [[Guozijian]].<ref>http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr99-00/english/panels/ed/papers/711e01.pdf A Consultant Report to The University Grants Committee of Hong Kong</ref> The first nationwide government school system in China was established in 3 CE under [[Emperor Ping of Han]], with the Taixue located in the capital of [[Chang'an]] and local schools established in the [[Zhou (political division)|prefectures]] and in the main cities of the smaller [[xian|counties]].<ref>Yuan, 193&ndash;194.</ref>
'''Taixue''' ('''Tai-shueh'''; {{zh|s=太学|t=太學|l=Greatest Study or Learning}}), or sometimes called the "Imperial Academy", "Imperial School", "Imperial University"<ref name="Sullivan1962">{{cite book|author=Michael Sullivan|title=The Birth of Landscape Painting in China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8q260xqfAQC&pg=PA26&dq=125BC++imperial+university&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAGoVChMIz4b3vdnLyAIVy3A-Ch0t5wF0#v=onepage&q=125BC%20%20imperial%20university&f=false|year=1962|publisher=University of California Press|pages=26–|id=GGKEY:APYE9RBQ0TH}}</ref><ref name="Sullivan1980">{{cite book|author=Michael Sullivan|title=Chinese landscape painting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOUuAQAAIAAJ&q=125BC++imperial+university&dq=125BC++imperial+university&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAWoVChMIz4b3vdnLyAIVy3A-Ch0t5wF0|year=1980|publisher=University of California Press|page=26}}</ref><ref name="Wilson1997">{{cite book|author=Wesley M. Wilson|title=Ancient civilizations, religions, Africa, Asia, world problems & solutions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgESAQAAIAAJ&q=University+chang&dq=University+chang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=|date=1 February 1997|publisher=Professional Press|page=192}}</ref><ref name="Cotterell2011">{{cite book|author=Arthur Cotterell|title=China: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kovlqk8dakkC&pg=PT104&dq=125BC++imperial+university&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCGoVChMIz4b3vdnLyAIVy3A-Ch0t5wF0#v=onepage&q=125BC%20%20imperial%20university&f=false|date=31 August 2011|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4464-8447-0|pages=104–}}</ref> or "Imperial Central University", was the highest rank of educational establishment in Ancient China between the [[Han Dynasty]] and [[Sui Dynasty]]. The university held 30,000 students and administration during the 2nd century. This provided the Han Dynasty with well-educated bureaucrats. It was replaced by the [[Guozijian]].<ref>http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr99-00/english/panels/ed/papers/711e01.pdf A Consultant Report to The University Grants Committee of Hong Kong</ref> The first nationwide government school system in China was established in 3 CE under [[Emperor Ping of Han]], with the Taixue located in the capital of [[Chang'an]] and local schools established in the [[Zhou (political division)|prefectures]] and in the main cities of the smaller [[xian|counties]].<ref>Yuan, 193&ndash;194.</ref>


Taixue taught [[Confucianism]] and [[Chinese literature]] among other things for the high level [[civil service]], although a civil service system based upon examination rather than recommendation was not introduced until the Sui and not perfected until the [[Song Dynasty]] (960&ndash;1279).<ref>http://www.education.monash.edu.au/centres/mcrie/docs/conferencekeynotes/yang-china-higher-ed-massification-mexico.pdf Higher Education in the People’s Republic of China: Historical Traditions, Recent Developments and Major Issues</ref><ref>Ebrey, ''CIHC'', 145&ndash;146.</ref>
Taixue taught [[Confucianism]] and [[Chinese literature]] among other things for the high level [[civil service]], although a civil service system based upon examination rather than recommendation was not introduced until the Sui and not perfected until the [[Song Dynasty]] (960&ndash;1279).<ref>http://www.education.monash.edu.au/centres/mcrie/docs/conferencekeynotes/yang-china-higher-ed-massification-mexico.pdf Higher Education in the People’s Republic of China: Historical Traditions, Recent Developments and Major Issues</ref><ref>Ebrey, ''CIHC'', 145&ndash;146.</ref>

Revision as of 20:42, 18 November 2019

Imperial lecture-room in the old university building

Taixue (Tai-shueh; simplified Chinese: 太学; traditional Chinese: 太學; lit. 'Greatest Study or Learning'), or sometimes called the "Imperial Academy", "Imperial School", "Imperial University"[1][2][3][4] or "Imperial Central University", was the highest rank of educational establishment in Ancient China between the Han Dynasty and Sui Dynasty. The university held 30,000 students and administration during the 2nd century. This provided the Han Dynasty with well-educated bureaucrats. It was replaced by the Guozijian.[5] The first nationwide government school system in China was established in 3 CE under Emperor Ping of Han, with the Taixue located in the capital of Chang'an and local schools established in the prefectures and in the main cities of the smaller counties.[6]

Taixue taught Confucianism and Chinese literature among other things for the high level civil service, although a civil service system based upon examination rather than recommendation was not introduced until the Sui and not perfected until the Song Dynasty (960–1279).[7][8]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Michael Sullivan (1962). The Birth of Landscape Painting in China. University of California Press. pp. 26–. GGKEY:APYE9RBQ0TH.
  2. ^ Michael Sullivan (1980). Chinese landscape painting. University of California Press. p. 26.
  3. ^ Wesley M. Wilson (1 February 1997). Ancient civilizations, religions, Africa, Asia, world problems & solutions. Professional Press. p. 192.
  4. ^ Arthur Cotterell (31 August 2011). China: A History. Random House. pp. 104–. ISBN 978-1-4464-8447-0.
  5. ^ http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr99-00/english/panels/ed/papers/711e01.pdf A Consultant Report to The University Grants Committee of Hong Kong
  6. ^ Yuan, 193–194.
  7. ^ http://www.education.monash.edu.au/centres/mcrie/docs/conferencekeynotes/yang-china-higher-ed-massification-mexico.pdf Higher Education in the People’s Republic of China: Historical Traditions, Recent Developments and Major Issues
  8. ^ Ebrey, CIHC, 145–146.

General references

  • Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66991-X (paperback).
  • Yuan, Zheng. "Local Government Schools in Sung China: A Reassessment," History of Education Quarterly (Volume 34, Number 2; Summer 1994): 193–213.


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