Peacock-pheasant: Difference between revisions

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Hello, I’m a pekock show! I eat pheasants and kill innocent chicks ha ha ha

Species

Name	Common name	Distribution
Polyplectron napoleonis – formerly P. emphanum	Palawan peacock-pheasant	Philippines
Polyplectron malacense	Malayan peacock-pheasant	Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra region southwards
Polyplectron schleiermacheri	Bornean peacock-pheasant	Borneo
Polyplectron germaini	Germain's peacock-pheasant	mid-southern Vietnam and far eastern Cambodia
Polyplectron bicalcaratum	Grey peacock-pheasant	Bangladesh, Northeast India and Southeast Asia
Polyplectron katsumatae – split from P. bicalcaratum^[1]	Hainan peacock-pheasant	Hainan, China.
Polyplectron chalcurum	Bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant	Indonesia
Polyplectron inopinatum	Mountain peacock-pheasant	Malaysia.

References

^ Cite error: The named reference worldbirdnames.org was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[worldbirdnames.org-1] Cite error: The named reference worldbirdnames.org was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1]

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+Hello, I’m a pekock show! I eat pheasants and kill innocent chicks ha ha ha
-{{short description|Genus of birds}}
-{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2013}}
-{{Automatic Taxobox
-| name = Peacock-pheasants
-| image = Stavenn Polyplectron napoleonis 01.jpg
-| image_caption = male [[Palawan peacock-pheasant]]<br/>''Polyplectron napoleonis''
-| taxon = Polyplectron
-| authority = [[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1807
-| synonyms =
-''Polyplectrum'' (''lapsus'')
-}}
-The '''peacock-pheasants''' are a bird genus, '''''Polyplectron''''', of the family [[Phasianidae]], consisting of eight [[species]]. They are colored inconspicuously, relying on heavily on [[crypsis]] to avoid detection. When threatened, peacock-pheasants will alter their shapes using specialised plumage that when expanded reveals numerous iridescent orbs. The birds also vibrate their plume quills further accentuating their [[aposematism]]. Peacock-pheasants exhibit well developed metatarsal spurs. Older individuals may have multiple spurs on each leg. These kicking thorns are used in self-defense.
-The systematics of the genus are somewhat unclear. Molecular research has revealed that peacock-pheasants are not genetically related to [[pheasant]]s and only distantly to [[peafowl]]. Their closest allies are the Asiatic [[Galloperdix|spurfowl]] and the [[crimson-headed partridge]], endemic to [[Borneo]]. These three genera share the curious tendency for multiple metatarsal spurs. Though they are somewhat divergent morphologically, their skeletons are nearly identical.
-The species of ''Polyplectron'' diverged at some time between, roughly, the [[Early Pliocene]] and the [[Middle Pleistocene]], or 5–1 [[mya (unit)|million years ago]]. ''Polyplectron malacense'' and ''P. schleiermacheri'' form a [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] radiation around the southern [[South China Sea]] together with ''P. napoleonis'', as is confirmed by comparison of [[biogeography]] and [[mtDNA]] [[cytochrome b|cytochrome ''b'']] and [[D-loop]] as well as the [[nuclear DNA|nuclear]] [[ovomucoid]] [[intron]] G.<ref name=Kimball>Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Ligon, J. David; Lucchini, Vittorio & Randi, Ettore (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes: ''Polyplectron'' spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours. ''[[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|Biol. J. Linn. Soc.]]'' '''73'''(2): 187–198. [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/00244066/2001/00000073/00000002/art90536 HTML abstract]</ref>
-The relationships of the other forms are more poorly understood. ''P. germaini'' and ''P. bicalcaratum'' are similar in [[morphology (biology)|morphology]] and are nearly [[parapatric]]; the molecular data suggests that the latter is a [[symplesiomorphy]]. It would appear that ''P. germaini'' and ''P. katsumatae'' represent an early offshoot of the aforementioned basal radiation. The two montane-adapted species ''P. chalcurum'' and ''P. inopinatum'' are not derived from a single isolation event, and appear to have acquired more subdued coloration independently. A trend in this genus to ''lose''—not gain—pronounced [[sexual dimorphism]] is better supported by biogeographical and molecular data than the alternate scenario.<ref name=Kimball/>
-In 2010 the [[IOC World Bird List]] listed the [[Hainan peacock-pheasant]] as a species.<ref name="worldbirdnames.org">[http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates-PS.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090729080733/http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates-PS.html |date=July 29, 2009 }}</ref> Following [[Jean Théodore Delacour]], this species has historically been listed as a [[subspecies]] of ''P. bicalcaratum''. Prior to reclassification by Delacour, the Hainan peacock-pheasant has been considered a distinct species by several ornithologists. Indeed, when it was first described to science by Katsumata it was considered a distinct species. Prominent organizations including the World Bird List have recently concurred, and species status is currently under review by the [[Oriental Bird Club]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orientalbirdimages.org/new-obc-checklist-commentary.html |title=OBC Checklist |publisher=Orientalbirdimages.org |accessdate=January 16, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015234357/http://orientalbirdimages.org/new-obc-checklist-commentary.html |archivedate=October 15, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> It is considered of utmost importance to have the Hainan peacock-pheasant recognized as a full species due to its [[endangered]] status. The Hainan peacock-pheasant is endemic to the island of [[Hainan]], where its [[population density]] is very low in its [[tropical forest]] habitat on the island and the wild population is declining, making it now severely endangered and among the rarest species in the order [[Galliformes]] in [[China]].
 ==Species==