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== Gates was inspired by the documentary ''[[The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/04/18/a-radical-attempt-to-save-the-reefs-and-forests|title=A Radical Attempt to Save the Reefs and Forests|last=Kolbert|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-04-18|work=The New Yorker|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> She studied biology at [[Newcastle University]] where she earned a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in 1984.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://gatescorallab.com/ruth-gates|title=Ruth Gates|website=gatescorallab.com|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> She fell in love with corals during a diving trip to the [[West Indies]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hawaiibusiness.com/20-for-the-next-20-2016/|title=20 for the Next 20: 2016|date=2016-03-03|work=Hawaii Business Magazine|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> In 1985 she moved to the [[West Indies]] to study corals.<ref name=":0" /> She completed her [[PhD]] at [[Newcastle University]] in 1989 on seawater temperature and [[algal]]-[[Cnidaria|cnidarian]] [[symbiosis]].<ref name="gatesphd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Newcastle upon Tyne|url=https://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/18918380?style=html|title=Seawater temperature and algal-cnidarian symbiosis|first=Ruth Deborah|last=Gates|date=1989|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.346445}}|website=jisc.ac.uk|oclc=557254204}}</ref> During her postgraduate work in Jamaica, she was exposed to the bleaching response of coral resulting from rising temperatures.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/nov/22/ruth-gates-obituary|title=Ruth Gates obituary|last=Brown|first=Barbara|date=2018-11-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-11-29|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ==
== Gates was inspired by the documentary ''[[The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/04/18/a-radical-attempt-to-save-the-reefs-and-forests|title=A Radical Attempt to Save the Reefs and Forests|last=Kolbert|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-04-18|work=The New Yorker|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> She studied biology at [[Newcastle University]] where she earned a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in 1984.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://gatescorallab.com/ruth-gates|title=Ruth Gates|website=gatescorallab.com|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> She fell in love with corals during a diving trip to the [[West Indies]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hawaiibusiness.com/20-for-the-next-20-2016/|title=20 for the Next 20: 2016|date=2016-03-03|work=Hawaii Business Magazine|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> In 1985 she moved to the [[West Indies]] to study corals.<ref name=":0" /> She completed her [[PhD]] at [[Newcastle University]] in 1989 on seawater temperature and [[algal]]-[[Cnidaria|cnidarian]] [[symbiosis]].<ref name="gatesphd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Newcastle upon Tyne|url=https://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/18918380?style=html|title=Seawater temperature and algal-cnidarian symbiosis|first=Ruth Deborah|last=Gates|date=1989|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.346445}}|website=jisc.ac.uk|oclc=557254204}}</ref> During her postgraduate work in Jamaica, she was exposed to the bleaching response of coral resulting from rising temperatures.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/nov/22/ruth-gates-obituary|title=Ruth Gates obituary|last=Brown|first=Barbara|date=2018-11-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-11-29|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ==


== Career and Research ==
After her PhD, Gates was appointed a [[postdoctoral researcher]] at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://gatescorallab.com/ruth-gates|title=Ruth Gates|website=gatescorallab.com|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> Here she spent thirteen years working as a junior researcher in California, developing skills in cellular biology, evolutionary biology, and molecular genetics.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/nov/22/ruth-gates-obituary|title=Ruth Gates obituary|last=Brown|first=Barbara|date=2018-11-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-11-29|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> She was there during the 1998 [[bleaching event]] that killed more than 15% of corals across the world.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/04/18/a-radical-attempt-to-save-the-reefs-and-forests|title=A Radical Attempt to Save the Reefs and Forests|last=Kolbert|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-04-18|work=The New Yorker|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref>

Gates joined the [[Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology]] 2003.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tetiaroasociety.org/ruth-gates|title=Ruth Gates {{!}} Tetiaroa Society|website=www.tetiaroasociety.org|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> She studied corals and reefs, learning how they function and working on ways to slow their decline.<ref name=":3" /> She worked on [[Coconut Island]], trying to identify why some corals survive bleaching.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/03/corals-ocean-temperature/|title=Some Corals May Adapt to Warming Seas|work=WIRED|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> Her group monitored the ecosystems of coral reefs to understand how a changing environment impacted coral health.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://gatescorallab.com/monitoring-reefs|title=Monitoring Reefs|website=gatescorallab.com|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> The corals in shallow patches like [[Kāneʻohe Bay]] are subject to high temperatures and irradiance.<ref name=":4" /> Alongside seawater temperature, they measure photosynthetic active radiation, salinity and nutrient composition.<ref name=":4" /> This allowed them to build [[3D modeling|3D models]] of reefs.<ref>{{Citation|last=TheJohnburns84|title=Ke'ei|date=2015-10-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxZLu7wByKY|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> They study the [[symbiodinium]] that live within coral tissues. These provide the corals with energy and are lost during coral bleaching.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gatescorallab.com/symbiodinium-and-symbioses|title=Symbiodinium and Symbioses|website=gatescorallab.com|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> They develop new techniques for data analysis and management, including developing EarthCube and CRESCYNT.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gatescorallab.com/data-management-and-analysis|title=Data Management and Analysis|website=gatescorallab.com|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1440342|title=NSF Award Search: Award#1440342 - Earthcube RCN: Coral REef Science & CYberinfrastructure NeTwork (CReSCyNT)|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> Gates was concerned about [[sunscreen]] that contains [[octinoxate]] and [[oxybenzone]], and in 2015 called for it to be banned in Hawaii.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/clip/11941033/that-sunscreen-you-slather-on-it-might-be-damaging-coral|title=That sunscreen you slather on? It might be damaging coral|last=|first=|date=|website=Hawaii News Now|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> These sunscreens were banned in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-04/hawaii-bans-sunscreen-coral-bleaching/9728322|title=Would you change sunscreen if it could help save the Great Barrier Reef?|date=2018-05-04|work=ABC News|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> In 2012 she demonstrated that the choice of symbiotic algae was crucial for how tropical reefs survived environmental stresses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=125278&org=NSF|title=Tropical Reefs Surviving Environmental Stresses: Corals' Choice of Symbiotic Algae May Hold the Key {{!}} NSF - National Science Foundation|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://app.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.2996203|title=A comprehensive survey of endosymbiotic and free-living Symbiodinium diversity in the corals and reef environments of Hawaii - Dimensions|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> She predicted that more than 90 percent of the world's corals will be dead by 2050.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/environment-90-percent-coral-reefs-die-2050-climate-change-bleaching-pollution-a7626911.html|title=More than 90 percent of coral reefs will die out by 2050|work=The Independent|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref>

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Revision as of 04:30, 29 November 2019

Gates was inspired by the documentary The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau.[1] She studied biology at Newcastle University where she earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1984.[2] She fell in love with corals during a diving trip to the West Indies.[3] In 1985 she moved to the West Indies to study corals.[1] She completed her PhD at Newcastle University in 1989 on seawater temperature and algal-cnidarian symbiosis.[4] During her postgraduate work in Jamaica, she was exposed to the bleaching response of coral resulting from rising temperatures.[5]

Career and Research

After her PhD, Gates was appointed a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Los Angeles.[6] Here she spent thirteen years working as a junior researcher in California, developing skills in cellular biology, evolutionary biology, and molecular genetics.[7] She was there during the 1998 bleaching event that killed more than 15% of corals across the world.[8]

Gates joined the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology 2003.[9] She studied corals and reefs, learning how they function and working on ways to slow their decline.[9] She worked on Coconut Island, trying to identify why some corals survive bleaching.[10] Her group monitored the ecosystems of coral reefs to understand how a changing environment impacted coral health.[11] The corals in shallow patches like Kāneʻohe Bay are subject to high temperatures and irradiance.[11] Alongside seawater temperature, they measure photosynthetic active radiation, salinity and nutrient composition.[11] This allowed them to build 3D models of reefs.[12] They study the symbiodinium that live within coral tissues. These provide the corals with energy and are lost during coral bleaching.[13] They develop new techniques for data analysis and management, including developing EarthCube and CRESCYNT.[14][15] Gates was concerned about sunscreen that contains octinoxate and oxybenzone, and in 2015 called for it to be banned in Hawaii.[16] These sunscreens were banned in 2018.[17] In 2012 she demonstrated that the choice of symbiotic algae was crucial for how tropical reefs survived environmental stresses.[18][19] She predicted that more than 90 percent of the world's corals will be dead by 2050.[20]


  1. ^ a b Kolbert, Elizabeth (2016-04-18). "A Radical Attempt to Save the Reefs and Forests". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  2. ^ "Ruth Gates". gatescorallab.com. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  3. ^ "20 for the Next 20: 2016". Hawaii Business Magazine. 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  4. ^ Gates, Ruth Deborah (1989). Seawater temperature and algal-cnidarian symbiosis. jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Newcastle upon Tyne. OCLC 557254204. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.346445.
  5. ^ Brown, Barbara (2018-11-22). "Ruth Gates obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  6. ^ "Ruth Gates". gatescorallab.com. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  7. ^ Brown, Barbara (2018-11-22). "Ruth Gates obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  8. ^ Kolbert, Elizabeth (2016-04-18). "A Radical Attempt to Save the Reefs and Forests". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  9. ^ a b "Ruth Gates | Tetiaroa Society". www.tetiaroasociety.org. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  10. ^ "Some Corals May Adapt to Warming Seas". WIRED. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  11. ^ a b c "Monitoring Reefs". gatescorallab.com. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  12. ^ TheJohnburns84 (2015-10-28), Ke'ei, retrieved 2018-10-28{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "Symbiodinium and Symbioses". gatescorallab.com. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  14. ^ "Data Management and Analysis". gatescorallab.com. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  15. ^ "NSF Award Search: Award#1440342 - Earthcube RCN: Coral REef Science & CYberinfrastructure NeTwork (CReSCyNT)". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  16. ^ "That sunscreen you slather on? It might be damaging coral". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  17. ^ "Would you change sunscreen if it could help save the Great Barrier Reef?". ABC News. 2018-05-04. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  18. ^ "Tropical Reefs Surviving Environmental Stresses: Corals' Choice of Symbiotic Algae May Hold the Key | NSF - National Science Foundation". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  19. ^ "A comprehensive survey of endosymbiotic and free-living Symbiodinium diversity in the corals and reef environments of Hawaii - Dimensions". Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  20. ^ "More than 90 percent of coral reefs will die out by 2050". The Independent. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
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