Navalinga Temple: Difference between revisions
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The '''Navalinga temple''' is a cluster of [[Hindu]] temples built in the 9th century, during the reign of King [[Amoghavarsha I]] or his son [[Krishna II]] of the [[Rashtrakuta Dynasty]]. The temple is located in the town of [[Kukkanur]] (also called Kuknur), {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} north of Itagi in [[Koppal district]] and {{convert|25|mi|km|0}} east of [[Gadag]] in [[Karnataka]] state, India. Built in the [[South India]]n ''[[Dravidian architecture|dravida]]'' style,<ref name="navalinga">{{cite web|title=Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent,20 September 1996 |url=http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R%3D5%2BS%3D18%2BP%3D228%2BM%3D1053|author=Kamiya, Takeo|publisher=Gerard da Cunha-Architecture Autonomous, Bardez, Goa, India|work=|accessdate=2008-05-20}}</ref> each of the nine temples in the cluster has a ''[[linga]]'', the universal symbol of [[Hinduism|Hindu]] God [[Shiva]], and hence the name ''Navalinga'' (''lit'' nine ''lingas'').<ref name="linga">Cousens (1926), p. 74</ref> |
The '''Navalinga temple''' is a cluster of [[Hindu]] temples built in the 9th century, during the reign of King [[Amoghavarsha I]] or his son [[Krishna II]] of the [[Rashtrakuta Dynasty]]. The temple is located in the town of [[Kukkanur]] (also called Kuknur), {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} north of Itagi in [[Koppal district]] and {{convert|25|mi|km|0}} east of [[Gadag]] in [[Karnataka]] state, India. Built in the [[South India]]n ''[[Dravidian architecture|dravida]]'' style,<ref name="navalinga">{{cite web|title=Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent,20 September 1996 |url=http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R%3D5%2BS%3D18%2BP%3D228%2BM%3D1053|author=Kamiya, Takeo|publisher=Gerard da Cunha-Architecture Autonomous, Bardez, Goa, India|work=|accessdate=2008-05-20}}</ref> each of the nine temples in the cluster has a ''[[linga]]'', the universal symbol of [[Hinduism|Hindu]] God [[Shiva]], and hence the name ''Navalinga'' (''lit'' nine ''lingas'').<ref name="linga">Cousens (1926), p. 74</ref> |
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==General plan== |
==General plan== |
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<!--[[File:Somjyotir.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Shiva linga]]--> |
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A clusters of temples, the ''Navalinga'' group appears to have been placed asymmetrically, without any particular order. Despite being constructed from inferior quality [[sandstone]], the decorative finish is rich, though much of it is lost due to degradation of the shrine walls.<ref name="wall">Cousens (1926), p. 75</ref> Each of the shrines has a South Indian style ''[[shikhara]]'' (superstructure). The ensemble has four ''[[mantapa]]s'' (hall) in all, three of which are in a line going east-west and open to the shrines. Each of the shrines has a Shiva ''linga'' in the sanctum, though the lintel above the entrance has an image of [[Gajalakshmi]], the consort of God [[Vishnu]].<ref name="linga"/> |
A clusters of temples, the ''Navalinga'' group appears to have been placed asymmetrically, without any particular order. Despite being constructed from inferior quality [[sandstone]], the decorative finish is rich, though much of it is lost due to degradation of the shrine walls.<ref name="wall">Cousens (1926), p. 75</ref> Each of the shrines has a South Indian style ''[[shikhara]]'' (superstructure). The ensemble has four ''[[mantapa]]s'' (hall) in all, three of which are in a line going east-west and open to the shrines. Each of the shrines has a Shiva ''linga'' in the sanctum, though the lintel above the entrance has an image of [[Gajalakshmi]], the consort of God [[Vishnu]].<ref name="linga"/> |
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==Sculpture== |
==Sculpture== |
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[[File:Old Kannada inscription in the mantapa of Navalinga temple at Kuknur.jpg|thumb|right|upright|old-Kannada inscription at Navalinga temple]] |
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[[File:Old Kannada inscription at the Navalinga temple in Kuknur.jpg|thumb|right|upright|old-Kannada inscription at Navalinga temple]] |
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The pillars in the halls are of better quaility than seen at [[Pattadakal]], indicating an advancement of this art from the previous centuries.<ref name="wall"/> [[Architrave]]s were popular and a very good example has survived and has two ''[[makara (Hindu mythology)|makaras]]'' (mythical beasts) with circular scales and florid tails.<ref name="linga"/> The temple complex has two well preserved old-Kannada [[epigraphy|inscriptions]]. Fifteen inscriptions are found in the town in all which mostly date from 1005 CE to 1186 CE, though a few from the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] period also exist. The inscriptions mention grants to temples of various Hindu goddesses such as Chamundi, Ganga, [[Sarasvati]], Kalikadevi and Mahamayi as well as God Mallikarjuna. It is proposed that the ''Navalinga'' temples may have originally been consecrated in honor of these goddesses.<ref name="wall"/> |
The pillars in the halls are of better quaility than seen at [[Pattadakal]], indicating an advancement of this art from the previous centuries.<ref name="wall"/> [[Architrave]]s were popular and a very good example has survived and has two ''[[makara (Hindu mythology)|makaras]]'' (mythical beasts) with circular scales and florid tails.<ref name="linga"/> The temple complex has two well preserved old-Kannada [[epigraphy|inscriptions]]. Fifteen inscriptions are found in the town in all which mostly date from 1005 CE to 1186 CE, though a few from the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] period also exist. The inscriptions mention grants to temples of various Hindu goddesses such as Chamundi, Ganga, [[Sarasvati]], Kalikadevi and Mahamayi as well as God Mallikarjuna. It is proposed that the ''Navalinga'' temples may have originally been consecrated in honor of these goddesses.<ref name="wall"/> |
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Revision as of 03:14, 11 December 2019
The Navalinga temple is a cluster of Hindu temples built in the 9th century, during the reign of King Amoghavarsha I or his son Krishna II of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty. The temple is located in the town of Kukkanur (also called Kuknur), 4 miles (6 km) north of Itagi in Koppal district and 25 miles (40 km) east of Gadag in Karnataka state, India. Built in the South Indian dravida style,[1] each of the nine temples in the cluster has a linga, the universal symbol of Hindu God Shiva, and hence the name Navalinga (lit nine lingas).[2]
General plan
A clusters of temples, the Navalinga group appears to have been placed asymmetrically, without any particular order. Despite being constructed from inferior quality sandstone, the decorative finish is rich, though much of it is lost due to degradation of the shrine walls.[3] Each of the shrines has a South Indian style shikhara (superstructure). The ensemble has four mantapas (hall) in all, three of which are in a line going east-west and open to the shrines. Each of the shrines has a Shiva linga in the sanctum, though the lintel above the entrance has an image of Gajalakshmi, the consort of God Vishnu.[2]
Sculpture
The pillars in the halls are of better quaility than seen at Pattadakal, indicating an advancement of this art from the previous centuries.[3] Architraves were popular and a very good example has survived and has two makaras (mythical beasts) with circular scales and florid tails.[2] The temple complex has two well preserved old-Kannada inscriptions. Fifteen inscriptions are found in the town in all which mostly date from 1005 CE to 1186 CE, though a few from the Vijayanagara period also exist. The inscriptions mention grants to temples of various Hindu goddesses such as Chamundi, Ganga, Sarasvati, Kalikadevi and Mahamayi as well as God Mallikarjuna. It is proposed that the Navalinga temples may have originally been consecrated in honor of these goddesses.[3]
Notes
References
- Kamiya, Takeyo. "Architecture of Indian subcontinent". Indian Architecture. Gerard da Cunha. Retrieved 31 December 2006.
- Cousens, Henry (1996) [1926]. The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. OCLC 37526233.
External links
