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==Production==
==Production==
===Development===
===Development===
In October 2010, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] retained the film rights for the 1962 novel ''[[A Wrinkle in Time]]'', by [[Madeleine L'Engle]], which had previously been made as a [[A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)|2003 television film]]. Following the financial success of [[Tim Burton]]'s ''[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' (2010), Disney hired Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for [[Cary Granat]] and his new [[Bedrock Studios]]. Granat had previously worked with Disney on the ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)|Chronicles of Narnia]]'' and ''[[Bridge to Terabithia (2007 film)|Bridge to Terabithia]]'' films.<ref name="Hollywood Reporter">{{cite news| last = Fernandez | first = Jay| title = Bedrock taps Jeff Stockwell to adapt 'Wrinkle'| work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] |publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | date = October 14, 2010| url = http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bedrock-taps-jeff-stockwell-adapt-21791| accessdate =October 21, 2014 }}</ref> The project's budget was slated to be $35 million, which the company compared to "[[District 9]]'' and ''Bridge to Terabithia," both of which were made for less than $30 million.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pond|first1=Steve|title=Granat Launches Family-Oriented Bedrock Studios (Updated)|url=http://www.thewrap.com/granat-launches-family-oriented-bedrock-studios-updated-15369/|accessdate=October 21, 2014|work=[[TheWrap]]|date=March 17, 2010}}</ref>
In October 2010, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] retained the film rights for the 1962 novel ''[[A Wrinkle in Time]]'', by [[Madeleine L'Engle]], which had previously been made as a [[A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)|2003 television film]]. Following the financial success of [[Tim Burton]]'s ''[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' (2010), Disney hired Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for [[Cary Granat]] and his new [[Bedrock Studios]]. Granat had previously worked with Disney on the ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)|Chronicles of Narnia]]'' and ''[[Bridge to Terabithia (2007 film)|Bridge to Terabithia]]'' films.<ref name="Hollywood Reporter">{{cite news| last = Fernandez | first = Jay| title = Bedrock taps Jeff Stockwell to adapt 'Wrinkle'| work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] |publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | date = October 14, 2010| url = http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bedrock-taps-jeff-stockwell-adapt-21791| accessdate =October 21, 2014 }}</ref> The project's budget was slated to be $35 million, which the company compared to "[[District 9]]" and "[[Bridge to Terabithia (2007 film)|Bridge to Terabithia]]," both of which were made for less than $30 million.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pond|first1=Steve|title=Granat Launches Family-Oriented Bedrock Studios (Updated)|url=http://www.thewrap.com/granat-launches-family-oriented-bedrock-studios-updated-15369/|accessdate=October 21, 2014|work=[[TheWrap]]|date=March 17, 2010}}</ref>


However, ''A Wrinkle in Time'' was part of a new [[California Film Commission]] [[tax credit]] program, which offset production costs considerably.<ref name="CAFilmCommission-Wrinkle-2016">{{cite news|url=http://film.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Tax-Credit-Program-Year-2-1st-Film-Allocation-Release-FINAL-08-02-16.pdf|title=California's Film & TV Tax Credit Program 2.0 Gains First $100 Million-Plus Feature. Disney's 'Wrinkle in Time' Selected Via Program's Expanded Eligibility for Big-Budget Films; Latest $109 Million in Credits Allocated to 28 Projects|last1=Deutsch|first1=Erik|date=2 August 2016|work=[[California Film Commission]]|format=Press release}}</ref> On August 5, 2014, [[Jennifer Lee (filmmaker)|Jennifer Lee]] was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who wrote the first draft.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/frozen-director-jennifer-lee-to-adapt-a-wrinkle-in-time-for-disney-exclusive-1201275488/ | last=McNary | first=Dave | title='Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' for Disney | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Penske Business Media]] | date=August 5, 2014 | accessdate=October 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.slashfilm.com/a-wrinkle-in-time-movie-jennifer-lee/ | last=Han | first=Angie | title='Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' | publisher=/Film | date=August 5, 2014 | accessdate=October 21, 2014}}</ref>
However, ''A Wrinkle in Time'' was part of a new [[California Film Commission]] [[tax credit]] program, which offset production costs considerably.<ref name="CAFilmCommission-Wrinkle-2016">{{cite news|url=http://film.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Tax-Credit-Program-Year-2-1st-Film-Allocation-Release-FINAL-08-02-16.pdf|title=California's Film & TV Tax Credit Program 2.0 Gains First $100 Million-Plus Feature. Disney's 'Wrinkle in Time' Selected Via Program's Expanded Eligibility for Big-Budget Films; Latest $109 Million in Credits Allocated to 28 Projects|last1=Deutsch|first1=Erik|date=2 August 2016|work=[[California Film Commission]]|format=Press release}}</ref> On August 5, 2014, [[Jennifer Lee (filmmaker)|Jennifer Lee]] was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who wrote the first draft.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/frozen-director-jennifer-lee-to-adapt-a-wrinkle-in-time-for-disney-exclusive-1201275488/ | last=McNary | first=Dave | title='Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' for Disney | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Penske Business Media]] | date=August 5, 2014 | accessdate=October 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.slashfilm.com/a-wrinkle-in-time-movie-jennifer-lee/ | last=Han | first=Angie | title='Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' | publisher=/Film | date=August 5, 2014 | accessdate=October 21, 2014}}</ref>

Revision as of 11:10, 13 December 2019

A Wrinkle in Time
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAva DuVernay
Screenplay by
Based onA Wrinkle in Time
by Madeleine L'Engle
Produced by
  • Jim Whitaker
  • Catherine Hand
Starring
CinematographyTobias A. Schliessler
Edited bySpencer Averick
Music byRamin Djawadi
Distributed byWalt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Release dates
  • February 26, 2018 (2018-02-26) (El Capitan Theatre)
  • March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09) (United States)
Running time
109 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$100–130 million[2][3][4]
Box office$133.4 million[5][6]

A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell, based on Madeleine L'Engle's 1962 novel of the same name. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Whitaker Entertainment, the story follows a young girl who, with the help of three astral travelers, sets off on a quest to find her missing father. The film stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Storm Reid, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Peña, Zach Galifianakis, and Chris Pine.

It is Disney's second film adaptation of L'Engle's novel, following a 2003 television film. Development began in 2010, with DuVernay signing on to direct in February 2016. Principal photography began on November 2, 2016 in Los Angeles, California. Near the end of filming, production moved to New Zealand, where photography ended on February 25, 2017. With an estimated production budget of $103 million, the film became the first live-action film with a nine-digit budget to be directed by a black woman.[7][8][9]

With a total production and marketing budget of around $150 million,[10] the film was one of the biggest box office bombs in history, with losses of up to $131 million.[11][12][13] It was the second least successful film of the year, behind Mortal Engines. The film received mixed reviews, with critics taking issue "with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes", while others "celebrated its message of female empowerment and diversity".[14]

Plot

Thirteen-year-old middle school student Meg Murry struggles to adjust to her school and home life since her father Alex, a renowned scientist, mysteriously disappeared while studying astrophysics when she was very young. Both Meg and her mother Kate believed he solved the question of humanity's existence and theorized that he was teleported to another world.

One evening, Meg's younger brother Charles Wallace welcomes Mrs. Whatsit, a red-haired stranger in an extravagant white dress, into the Murry family house. Mrs. Whatsit claims that the tesseract, a type of space-travel Alex was working on, is real. The next day, while walking their dog, they meet one of Meg's classmates, Calvin O'Keefe. He joins them to go to the house of Mrs. Who, a friend of Charles Wallace's and a strange woman who speaks only in quotations.

Meg and Charles Wallace invite Calvin to dinner. Afterwards Meg and Calvin go into her backyard where Mrs. Whatsit appears with Mrs. Who and another woman, Mrs. Which. The three reveal themselves as astral travelers and lead Meg, Calvin, and Charles Wallace through a tesseract, taking them to a distant planet named Uriel, third planet from the star Malak in Messier 101.

After learning from the flowers that Alex has been to Uriel and since departed, Mrs. Whatsit transforms into a beautiful green flying creature and flies the children into the atmosphere where they see a dark shadow known as The IT. After gaining the women's trust, Meg and the others tesser to another planet called Orion in the 'belt' of the name sake constellation to meet with a seer called Happy Medium to seek his help to find Alex.

Happy Medium shows them that Meg's father tessered to Uriel, then Ixchel and got trapped when he tessered to Camazotz, The IT's homeworld. After Mrs. Which explains that The It represents all the greed, anger, pride, selfishness, and low self-esteem in the world, she shows the children personal examples of these characteristics, including an elderly friend and neighbor of Charles Wallace's getting mugged at a bus stop, Meg's school bully Veronica Kiley's extreme self-consciousness about her weight, and that Calvin, despite being popular at school, is forced and abused by his father to be a perfectionist. Given the news that Alex is on dangerous and evil Camazotz, the three Mrs. insist that they all travel back to Earth to regroup and make a plan, but Meg's strong will to not leave without her father overrides the tesseract, and she unintentionally redirects them to Camazotz.

Upon arriving in a field on Camazotz, Mrs. Which, Mrs. Whatsit, and Mrs. Who find they are unable to stay because Camazotz's evil is stronger than their light. Before they depart, they bestow gifts: Mrs. Who gives Meg her glasses, Mrs. Whatsit gives Meg the knowledge of her faults, and Mrs. Which gives the command to never separate.

After the Mrs. leave, trees sprout up out of the ground and a forest appears. Meg and Calvin get separated from Charles Wallace by the wild forest. They desperately race to get to the wall to prevent a tornado-earthquake storm called the Land Monster that is destroying the forest. Once creatively getting past the wall, they reunite with Charles Wallace and stumble across an neighborhood where all the children are bouncing balls in perfect sync. After calling their children inside, a lady invites them to come inside her house for a meal, Meg declines the offer and reminds Calvin and Charles Wallace to not trust anyone in Camazotz.

Next, the surroundings change and the three children find themselves on a beach where they meet The IT in its bodyguard form, Red. He offers the starving children food and tells them that Alex is safe and happy. He says there is nothing to worry about, but Calvin and Meg realize something is wrong when Charles Wallace proclaims that the food tastes like sand. When Red starts repeating the times tables, Charles Wallace is hypnotized by the rhythm, enabling The It to take control of his mind.

As Meg and Calvin pursue Red and Charles Wallace, they find themselves in a seemingly empty, white, spherical room after Meg pushes umbrellas out of her way, the "CENTRAL Central Intelligence." Charles Wallace's personality is different and he insults Meg and Calvin, while Red shuts down and disappears. Using Mrs. Who's glasses, Meg discovers and then climbs an invisible staircase to a room where her father is imprisoned. After a tearful reunion, Meg brings Alex out of captivity, but Charles Wallace, under the influence of The IT's power, forcefully drags them to meet his master. As Calvin and Meg fall under The IT's power, Alex opens another tesser and prepares to escape with the children, abandoning Charles Wallace. Meg refuses and projects out of the tesser herself, leaving her alone. When she confronts Charles Wallace, she realizes The IT uses deception and hatred to fuel his power. Expressing her love for her brother and using the knowledge that she is imperfect, Meg frees Charles Wallace and let The IT free the control on Camazotz. The three Mrs. reappeared and congratulate Meg's victory and Mrs. Which says that she and Charles Wallace became true warriors and they tesser back home.

After returning home, Meg, Charles Wallace reunited with her dad and mom and they assure each other that they love each other. Calvin leaves Meg to talk to his father after saying a few words to Meg and she stares at the sky, thanking the Mrs.

Cast

Production

Development

In October 2010, Walt Disney Pictures retained the film rights for the 1962 novel A Wrinkle in Time, by Madeleine L'Engle, which had previously been made as a 2003 television film. Following the financial success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland (2010), Disney hired Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Granat had previously worked with Disney on the Chronicles of Narnia and Bridge to Terabithia films.[16] The project's budget was slated to be $35 million, which the company compared to "District 9" and "Bridge to Terabithia," both of which were made for less than $30 million.[17]

However, A Wrinkle in Time was part of a new California Film Commission tax credit program, which offset production costs considerably.[18] On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who wrote the first draft.[19][20]

On February 8, 2016, it was reported that Ava DuVernay had been offered the job of directing the film, and she was confirmed to direct later that same month.[21][22] She became the first non white woman to direct a live-action film with a production budget of more than $100 million.[23] The decision received positive sentiments in the media industry. Oprah Winfrey was happy to see this because DuVernay herself broke barriers for non white people in the film industry.[24] "So I do imagine, to be a brown-skinned girl of any race throughout the world, looking up on that screen and seeing Storm, I think that is a capital A, capital W, E, some, AWESOME, experience."[24]

Irene Monroe of The Cambridge Day expressed her feelings that Ava DuVernay was a superb choice of a director, due to the fact that she was able to correctly highlight and expose the struggles experienced by young African-American girls.[24]

Casting

On July 26, 2016, Variety reported that Oprah Winfrey began final negotiations to join the film to play Mrs. Which, the eldest of the three Mrs. Ws, celestial beings who guide the children along their journey.[25] On September 7, 2016, Reese Witherspoon and Mindy Kaling were in talks to join the film, with Witherspoon to play Mrs. Whatsit, a chatty, grandmotherly sprite, and Kaling to play the quotation-reciting Mrs. Who.[26] On September 13, 2016, Storm Reid was cast in the lead role of Meg Murry, a young girl traumatized by the disappearance of her scientist father years before.[27]

In October 2016, Gugu Mbatha-Raw and Chris Pine were cast as Meg's parents, Drs. Kate and Alex Murry.[28][29] On November 1, 2016, additional cast announcements included Zach Galifianakis as Happy Medium, André Holland as Principal Jenkins, Levi Miller as Calvin, and Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace, along with Bellamy Young, Rowan Blanchard and Will McCormack.[30] Later, Michael Peña joined the cast to play Red.[31] The film producers are James Whitaker and Catherine Hand.[30]

Filming

Principal photography on the film began November 2, 2016, in Los Angeles, California.[30][32][33] Tobias A. Schliessler was the film's cinematographer, Naomi Shohan as production designer, Paco Delgado as costume designer, and Rich McBride as the film's visual effects supervisor.[30][34] During production, DuVernay asked McBride to be as flexible as possible on visual effects sequences to enable her to make changes and incorporate new ideas during shooting.[35]

Filming for A Wrinkle in Time took place in multiple locations including Eureka, California, in Humboldt County, starting November 29, 2016.[36]

After Los Angeles, production moved to New Zealand for two weeks.[30] During the last two weeks of February 2017, filming locations for A Wrinkle in Time were in Central Otago, New Zealand.[37] Actors and crew were in New Zealand for two weeks to shoot scenes in the Southern Alps, including at Hunter Valley Station near Lake Hāwea, with cast and crew treated to a traditional Māori powhiri and karakia.[38] Filming wrapped in New Zealand's South Island after two weeks, and DuVernay declared the cast and crew's love for New Zealand in an Instagram post.[39]

Music

Main article: A Wrinkle in Time (soundtrack)

On September 28, 2017, Ramin Djawadi was announced as the composer for the film, replacing Jonny Greenwood, who was initially chosen to compose, and scored the film.[40] On February 20, 2018, it was announced that the soundtrack would feature appearances from Sade, Sia, Kehlani, Chloe x Halle, Freestyle Fellowship, DJ Khaled, and Demi Lovato.[41]

Release

A Wrinkle in Time premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26, 2018, with its theatrical release on March 9, 2018.[42][43] This was a month ahead of its initial release date of April 6, 2018.[44]

A Wrinkle in Time was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on 4K UHD Blu-Ray, Blu-Ray, and DVD on June 5, 2018.[45]

Reception

Box office

A Wrinkle in Time grossed $100.5 million in the U.S. and Canada, and $32.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $132.7 million.[5] A combined $250 million was spent on production and advertisement.[46][12][13] Following Disney's Q2 earnings report in May 2018, Yahoo! Finance deduced the film would lose the studio $86–186 million,[47] and in April 2019, Deadline Hollywood calculated the film lost $130.6 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[48] The film's financial failure meant that Ava DuVernay became the first African-American woman to direct a film that earned and lost at least $100 million domestically.[49][9]

In the U.S. and Canada, A Wrinkle in Time was released alongside The Hurricane Heist, Gringo, and The Strangers: Prey at Night, and was projected to gross $30–38 million from 3,980 theaters in its opening weekend.[50] It made $10.2 million on its first day, including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $33.3 million, finishing second behind Disney's own Black Panther ($41.1 million in its fourth weekend).[51] In its second weekend, the film made $16.6 million, dropping 50% to fourth place.[52] On June 15, in its 15th week of release, the film returned to a total of 285 theaters, often as part of a double-feature with Incredibles 2. It ended up making $1.7 million (a 1,600% increase from the previous weekend), pushing the total U.S. gross to $100 million.[53]

Internationally, the film opened in six countries alongside the U.S. and grossed $6.3 million in its opening weekend, Russia being the largest market with $4.1 million.[54]

Critical response

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 42% based on 306 reviews, and an average rating of 5.26/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "A Wrinkle in Time is visually gorgeous, big-hearted, and occasionally quite moving; unfortunately, it's also wildly ambitious to a fault, and often less than the sum of its classic parts."[55] On Metacritic, the film earned a weighted average score of 53 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[56] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 75% overall positive score; audience members under age 18 gave it an average grade of "A–" and a positive score of 89%.[51]

Alonso Duralde of TheWrap praised the film's visuals and performances, writing, "Awash in bold colors, bright patterns and ebullient kids, director Ava DuVernay's new take on 'A Wrinkle in Time' dazzles its way across time and space even if it doesn't quite stick the landing."[57] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a "C+" and praised what he described as its ambition, saying: "It almost doesn't matter that the movie is too emotionally prescriptive to have any real power, or too high on imagination to leave any room for wonder; DuVernay evinces such faith in who she is and what she's doing that 'A Wrinkle in Time' remains true to itself even when everything on screen reads false."[58] Jamie Broadnax, a freelance writer and member of the Critic's Choice Awards, tweeted that after seeing the film for the second time, she still was unable to conceptualize and take in the visuals displayed throughout the film and the numerous performances from various characters.[59] Kat Candler, an American independent filmmaker, stated that the film was a "gorgeous love letter to the warriors of the next generation".[59] Mercedes Howze of the New Pittsburgh Courier stated that the visuals were extraordinary and that the film "continues to make lasting impressions on innocent minds to change what it looks like to be a young black woman".[60]

Vince Mancini of Uproxx gave the film a negative review, saying, "...if anything, the trouble with 'Wrinkle' is that you never really get a sense of DuVernay's personal touch. In fact, it feels a lot like Brad Bird's big budget, equally smarmy 2015 Disney film Tomorrowland. Both attempt to be so broad and universal that they feel disconnected from anything human. But universality doesn't work that way, no matter how much you tell everyone to think like a kid."[61] Conner Schwerdtfeger, former entertainment journalist for CinemaBlend, stated that the movie was "all over the place and underperformed," but that DuVernay deserves some praise for the attempt at filming the seemingly unfilmable.[59] Sean Mulvihill, actor in "Living Luminaries: On the Serious Business of Happiness," stated that the film had no flow, and although some moments "come alive" in the film, it could not save it.[59] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter felt that the film was "unable to charm or disarm" the audience.[62] Wenlei Ma, film and TV critic of news.com.au, stated that, following the halfway mark in the film, movie-goers find themselves "not caring about the other characters besides Meg" and that it seemed to "drag" in the latter half.[63] She highlighted the film's disappointment, regardless of the value parents find in the messages for children via quotations from Gandhi and Nelson Mandela.[63]

Accolades

Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Ref(s)
Teen Choice Awards August 12, 2018 Choice Fantasy Movie A Wrinkle in Time Nominated [64]
Choice Fantasy Movie Actress Mindy Kaling Nominated
Storm Reid Nominated
Oprah Winfrey Nominated
Reese Witherspoon Nominated
People's Choice Awards November 11, 2018 Family Movie of 2018 A Wrinkle in Time Nominated [65]
St. Louis Film Critics Awards December 16, 2018 Worst Film of 2018 A Wrinkle in Time Won [66]

See also

References

  1. ^ "A WRINKLE IN TIME (PG-13)". British Board of Film Classification. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  2. ^ Frost, John (12 January 2018). "Director Ava DuVernay discusses working on 'A Wrinkle in Time'". The Disney Blog. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  3. ^ McDonald, Soraya Nadia (8 March 2018). "'A Wrinkle in Time' has Ava DuVernay, Oprah and a $100 million budget. But it still needs a better villain". The Undefeated. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  4. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (11 March 2018). "'Black Panther' Rules 4th Frame With $41M+; 'A Wrinkle In Time' At $33M+: A Diversity & Disney Dominant Weekend". Deadline Hollywood.
  5. ^ a b "A Wrinkle in Time (2018)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  6. ^ "A Wrinkle in Time (2018) - Financial Information". The Numbers. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  7. ^ Cruz, Lenika (4 August 2016). "The First Woman of Color to Make a $100 Million Movie". The Atlantic.
  8. ^ "Ava DuVernay becomes first black woman to direct a $100 million movie". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  9. ^ a b Keegan, Rebecca (3 August 2016). "With 'A Wrinkle In Time,' Ava DuVernay will pass a milestone". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  10. ^ Barnes, Brooks (11 March 2018). "'Black Panther' Dominates 'Wrinkle in Time' at Box Office". The New York Times.
  11. ^ Gabbi Shaw (27 February 2017). "The biggest box office flop from the year you were born". Insider. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  12. ^ a b Shamsian, Jacob (12 March 2018). "5 reasons why Disney's fantasy epic 'A Wrinkle in Time' failed at the box office". Insider. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  13. ^ a b McClintock, Pamela. "'A Wrinkle in Time': Why It Has Underperformed at the Box Office". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  14. ^ Chuba, Kirsten (7 March 2018). "'A Wrinkle in Time' Reviews: What the Critics Are Saying". Variety. Penske Business Media. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i "A Wrinkle in Time Press Kit" (PDF). Walt Disney Studios. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  16. ^ Fernandez, Jay (14 October 2010). "Bedrock taps Jeff Stockwell to adapt 'Wrinkle'". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  17. ^ Pond, Steve (17 March 2010). "Granat Launches Family-Oriented Bedrock Studios (Updated)". TheWrap. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  18. ^ Deutsch, Erik (2 August 2016). "California's Film & TV Tax Credit Program 2.0 Gains First $100 Million-Plus Feature. Disney's 'Wrinkle in Time' Selected Via Program's Expanded Eligibility for Big-Budget Films; Latest $109 Million in Credits Allocated to 28 Projects" (Press release). California Film Commission.
  19. ^ McNary, Dave (5 August 2014). "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' for Disney". Variety. Penske Business Media. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  20. ^ Han, Angie (5 August 2014). "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time'". /Film. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  21. ^ Kit, Borys (8 February 2016). "Lupita Nyong'o in Talks to Star in Sci-Fi Thriller With Ava DuVernay Eyed to Direct (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  22. ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (23 February 2016). "Ava DuVernay Set To Direct Disney's 'A Wrinkle In Time'; Script By 'Frozen's Jennifer Lee". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  23. ^ Keegan, Rebecca (3 August 2016). "With 'A Wrinkle In Time,' Ava DuVernay will pass a milestone". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  24. ^ a b c "A black girl's take on 'A Wrinkle in Time': Equal opportunity to be America's darling | Cambridge Day". www.cambridgeday.com. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  25. ^ Kroll, Justin (26 July 2016). "Oprah Winfrey Joins Ava Duvernay's 'A Wrinkle in Time' Adaptation". Variety. Penske Business Media. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  26. ^ Kit, Borys (7 September 2016). "Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling in Talks to Join Ava DuVernay's 'A Wrinkle in Time' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  27. ^ Kit, Borys (13 September 2016). "Rising Actress Storm Reid Nabs Starring Role in Ava DuVernay's 'A Wrinkle in Time' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  28. ^ Patten, Dominic (21 October 2016). "Chris Pine Joins Ava DuVernay's 'A Wrinkle In Time'". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  29. ^ Lincoln, Ross A. (20 October 2016). "Gugu Mbatha-Raw Signs On For Ava DuVernay's 'Wrinkle In Time'". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  30. ^ a b c d e Coming Soon (1 November 2016). "Wrinkle in Time Cast Announced as Filming Begins". ComingSoon.net. CraveOnline Media. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  31. ^ Coming Soon (2 November 2016). "Michael Pena Joins Disney's A Wrinkle in Time Movie". ComingSoon.net. CraveOnline Media. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  32. ^ DuVernay, Ava (30 October 2016). "Happy Sunday. Posted this two years ago today. Was just four days from locking picture on SELMA. Didn't know how it would be received. Was nervous and eager and uncomfortable and grateful. Two years later. Today. I'm four days from shooting a new film: #WRINKLEINTIME..." Facebook. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  33. ^ Chitwood, Adam (1 November 2016). "Ava DuVernay's 'A Wrinkle in Time' Finalizes Cast as Filming Begins This Week". Collider. Complex Media. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  34. ^ DuVernay, Ava [@AVAETC] (30 October 2016). "Fun with my friend + #WRINKLEINTIME DP Tobias Schliessler (Dreamgirls, Lone Survivor) at @LACMA's #ArtandFilm gala honoring Kathryn Bigelow" (Tweet). Retrieved 2 November 2016 – via Twitter.
  35. ^ Hogg, Trevor (3 April 2018). "A WRINKLE IN TIME: 'The Emotional Visual Effects Show'". VFX Voice. Visual Effects Society. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  36. ^ Schneider, Ruth (19 December 2016). "'Postcard of Humboldt County': 'Wrinkle in Time' brings local beauty to big screen". Redwood Times. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
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