First impeachment of Donald Trump: Difference between revisions
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The inquiry stage of Trump's impeachment lasted from September to November 2019, in the wake of an August 2019 [[whistleblower]] complaint alleging abuse of power by Trump. In October 2019, three congressional committees ([[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|Intelligence]], [[United States House Committee on Oversight and Reform|Oversight]], and [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]) deposed witnesses. In November 2019, the House Intelligence Committee held a number of public hearings in which witnesses testified publicly. On December 3, the House Intelligence Committee voted 13–9 along party lines to adopt a final report. |
The inquiry stage of Trump's impeachment lasted from September to November 2019, in the wake of an August 2019 [[whistleblower]] complaint alleging abuse of power by Trump. In October 2019, three congressional committees ([[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|Intelligence]], [[United States House Committee on Oversight and Reform|Oversight]], and [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]) deposed witnesses. In November 2019, the House Intelligence Committee held a number of public hearings in which witnesses testified publicly. On December 3, the House Intelligence Committee voted 13–9 along party lines to adopt a final report. |
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A set of impeachment hearings before the Judiciary Committee began on December 4, 2019. On December 13, the House Judiciary Committee voted 23–17 along party lines to recommend two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. The Judiciary Committee also released a report on the articles of impeachment on December 16. On December 18, the full House approved both articles of impeachment, making Trump the third president in U.S. history to be impeached. [[Impeachment trial of Donald Trump|A Senate trial]] then entered into planning stages, with the Senate having final say as to whether or not Trump should be removed from his office as |
A set of impeachment hearings before the Judiciary Committee began on December 4, 2019. On December 13, the House Judiciary Committee voted 23–17 along party lines to recommend two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. The Judiciary Committee also released a report on the articles of impeachment on December 16. On December 18, the full House approved both articles of impeachment, making Trump the third president in U.S. history to be impeached. [[Impeachment trial of Donald Trump|A Senate trial]] then entered into planning stages, with the Senate having final say as to whether or not Trump should be removed from his office as president following his impeachment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/18/us/politics/impeachment-vote.html|title=Key Moments: The Day the House Impeached Trump|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|date=2019-12-18|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-19|last2=Baker|first2=Peter|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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Revision as of 19:42, 19 December 2019
 | This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (December 2019) |
 | It has been suggested that Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump and Impeachment trial of Donald Trump be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since December 2019. |
| First impeachment of Donald Trump | |
|---|---|
 Members of House of Representatives vote on two articles of impeachment (H. Res. 755) | |
| Accused | Donald Trump (President of the United States) |
| Proponents |
|
| Date | December 18, 2019 |
| Charges | Abuse of power, obstruction of Congress |
| Cause | Allegations that Trump sought help from Ukrainian authorities to favor him in the 2020 U.S. presidential election |
| Polls | |
| Voting in the House of Representatives | |
| Accusation | Abuse of power |
| Votes in favor | 230 |
| Votes against | 197 |
| Result | Approved |
| Accusation | Obstruction of Congress |
| Votes in favor | 229 |
| Votes against | 198 |
| Result | Approved |
The impeachment of Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, occurred on December 18, 2019, when the House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment on abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.[1] Impeachment does not remove a president from office, but rather sends the case to the United States Senate, which then holds a trial on whether to convict and remove the President. President Trump's impeachment came after a House impeachment inquiry found that in the Trump–Ukraine scandal, Trump allegedly solicited foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election to help his re-election bid, and then obstructed the inquiry itself by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony. The inquiry reported that Trump withheld military aid and an invitation to the White House in order to influence Ukraine into announcing investigations into Trump's political rivals.[2][3][4]: 8, 208
The inquiry stage of Trump's impeachment lasted from September to November 2019, in the wake of an August 2019 whistleblower complaint alleging abuse of power by Trump. In October 2019, three congressional committees (Intelligence, Oversight, and Foreign Affairs) deposed witnesses. In November 2019, the House Intelligence Committee held a number of public hearings in which witnesses testified publicly. On December 3, the House Intelligence Committee voted 13–9 along party lines to adopt a final report.
A set of impeachment hearings before the Judiciary Committee began on December 4, 2019. On December 13, the House Judiciary Committee voted 23–17 along party lines to recommend two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. The Judiciary Committee also released a report on the articles of impeachment on December 16. On December 18, the full House approved both articles of impeachment, making Trump the third president in U.S. history to be impeached. A Senate trial then entered into planning stages, with the Senate having final say as to whether or not Trump should be removed from his office as president following his impeachment.[5]
Background
Previous calls for impeachment
Efforts to impeach President Trump have been made by a variety of people and groups.[6][7] The first efforts in the Republican-controlled Congress were initiated in 2017 by Representatives Al Green and Brad Sherman, both Democrats (D), in response to Trump's obstructions of justice in the Russian influence investigations begun during the first year of Trump's presidency.[8][9][10] A December 2017 resolution of impeachment failed in the House by a 58–364 vote margin.[11]
Democrats gained control of the House of Representatives following the 2018 elections and made Nancy Pelosi the new Speaker. While she opposed any move toward impeachment, she supported multiple committees' respective investigations into Trump's actions and finances.[12][13] On January 17, 2019, new allegations involving Trump surfaced, claiming he instructed his long-time lawyer, Michael Cohen, to lie under oath about Trump's conflict-of-interest involvement with the Russian government to erect a Trump Tower in Moscow.[14] This also sparked requests for an investigation and for the president to "resign or be impeached" should such claims be substantiated.[15]
The Mueller Report, released on April 18, 2019, reached no conclusion as to whether Trump had committed criminal obstruction of justice.[16] Special Counsel Robert Mueller strongly hinted that it was up to Congress to make such a determination. Congressional support for an impeachment inquiry increased as a result.[17] House Speaker Nancy Pelosi initially continued to resist calls for impeachment.[18] In May 2019, she indicated that Trump's continued actions, which she characterized as obstruction of justice and refusal to honor congressional subpoenas, might make an impeachment inquiry necessary.[19][20] An increasing number of Democrats and a then-Republican representatives of the House, Justin Amash (who later became an independent), were requesting such an inquiry.[21]
- H. Res. 13 (alleging interference with the Mueller investigation) introduced on January 3, 2019, by Representative Sherman (D-California):[22] immediately referred to the House Judiciary Committee and to Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties on February 4, 2019.[23]
- H. Res. 257 (which would launch an impeachment inquiry with no specific allegations) introduced on March 27, 2019, by Representative Rashida Tlaib (D-Michigan):[24] referred to the House Rules Committee.[25]
- H. Res. 396 (which names 19 areas of inquiry) introduced on May 22, 2019, by Representative Sheila Jackson Lee (D-Texas):[26] referred to the House Rules Committee.[27]
- H. Res. 498 (which alleges Trump is unfit for office due to racist comments) introduced on July 17, 2019, by Representative Green (D-Texas):[28] a privileged resolution[a] which was blocked from proceeding by a vote of 332–95.[30][31][32]
Fewer than 20 Representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019, but this number grew after the Mueller Report was released and after Mueller testified in July, up to around 140 Representatives before the Trump–Ukraine scandal surfaced.[33]
Soon after the release of the Mueller report, Trump began urging an investigation into the origins of the Russia probe, wanting to "investigate the investigators" and possibly discredit the conclusions of the FBI and Mueller.[34] In April 2019, Attorney General William Barr announced that he had launched a review of the origins of the FBI's investigation,[35][36] even though the origins of the probe were already being investigated by the Justice Department's inspector general and by U.S. attorney John Huber, who had been appointed to the same task in 2018 by then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions.[37] Barr assigned U.S. Attorney John Durham to lead the probe,[38] and Trump directed the U.S. intelligence community to "promptly provide assistance and information" to Barr, and delegated to him the "full and complete authority" to declassify any related documents.[34][39] Although Durham was nominally in charge of the investigation, Barr himself began contacting foreign governments to ask for information about the origins of the FBI probe. Barr personally traveled to the United Kingdom and Italy to seek information; Italy's parliament is expected to begin its own investigation into Barr's meetings with Italian secret services.[40] At Barr's request, Trump himself phoned the prime minister of Australia, Scott Morrison, to ask for assistance.[41][42]
Trump–Ukraine scandal
The Trump–Ukraine scandal revolves around efforts by U.S. president Donald Trump to coerce Ukraine and other foreign countries into providing damaging narratives about 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidate Joe Biden as well as information relating to Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. Trump enlisted surrogates within and outside his official administration, including his personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr, to pressure Ukraine and other foreign governments to cooperate in supporting conspiracy theories concerning American politics.[43][44][45][46][47] Trump blocked but later released payment of a congressionally mandated $400 million military aid package to allegedly obtain quid pro quo cooperation from Volodymyr Zelensky, the president of Ukraine. A number of contacts were established between the White House and the government of Ukraine, culminating in a July 25, 2019, phone call between Trump and Zelensky.[43][44][45][48]
The scandal reached public attention in mid-September 2019 due to a whistleblower complaint made in August 2019.[49] The complaint raised concerns about Trump using presidential powers to solicit foreign electoral intervention in the 2020 U.S. presidential election.[50] The Trump White House has corroborated several allegations raised by the whistleblower. A non-verbatim transcript of the Trump–Zelensky call confirmed that Trump requested investigations into Joe Biden and his son Hunter Biden, as well as a conspiracy theory involving a Democratic National Committee server, while repeatedly urging Zelensky to work with Giuliani and Barr on these matters.[51][52] The White House also confirmed that a record of the call had been stored in a highly restricted system.[53][54] White House acting chief of staff Mick Mulvaney said one reason why Trump withheld military aid to Ukraine was Ukrainian "corruption related to the DNC server", referring to a debunked theory that Ukrainians framed Russia for hacking into the DNC computer system.[55] Trump has also publicly urged Ukraine and China to investigate the Bidens.[56] The Trump administration's top diplomat to Ukraine, Bill Taylor, testified that he was told U.S. military aid to Ukraine and a Trump–Zelensky White House meeting were conditioned on Zelensky publicly announcing investigations into the Bidens and alleged Ukrainian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections.[57] United States Ambassador to the European Union Gordon Sondland testified that he worked with Giuliani at Trump's "express direction" to arrange a quid pro quo with the Ukraine government.[58]
Inquiry
On the evening of September 24, 2019, Pelosi announced that six committees of the House of Representatives would begin a formal impeachment inquiry into President Trump. Pelosi accused Trump of betraying his oath of office, U.S. national security, and the integrity of the country's elections.[59][60][61] The six committees charged with the task are those on Financial Services, the Judiciary, Intelligence, Foreign Affairs, Oversight and Reform, and Ways and Means.[62]
In October 2019, three congressional committees (Intelligence, Oversight, and Foreign Affairs) deposed witnesses including Ambassador Taylor,[63] Laura Cooper (the deputy assistant secretary of defense for Russian, Ukrainian and Eurasian affairs),[64] and former White House official Fiona Hill.[65] Witnesses testified that they believed that President Trump wanted Zelensky to publicly announce investigations into the Bidens and Burisma (a Ukrainian natural gas company on whose board Hunter Biden had served)[66][67] and 2016 election interference.[57] On October 8, in a letter from White House Counsel Pat Cipollone to House speaker Pelosi, the White House officially responded that it would not cooperate with the investigation due to concerns including that there had not yet been a vote of the full House and that interviews of witnesses were being conducted behind closed doors.[68][69] On October 17, Mulvaney said, in response to a reporter's allegation of quid pro quo: "We do that all the time with foreign policy. Get over it." He walked back his comments later in the day, asserting that there had been "absolutely no quid pro quo" and that Trump had withheld military aid to Ukraine over concerns of the country's corruption.[55][70]
On October 29, 2019, Representative Jim McGovern (D-Massachusetts) introduced a resolution (H. Res. 660), referred to House Rules Committee, which set forth the "format of open hearings in the House Intelligence Committee, including staff-led questioning of witnesses, and [authorization for] the public release of deposition transcripts".[71][72] In November 2019, the House Intelligence Committee held a number of public hearings in which witnesses testified publicly. On November 13, Taylor and Kent testified publicly.[73] Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch testified before the committee on November 15, 2019.[74] Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Vindman, the National Security Council's head of European Affairs, and Jennifer Williams, Vice President Mike Pence's chief European security adviser, testified together on the morning of November 19, 2019.[75] Later the same day, Kurt Volker, the former U.S. special representative for Ukraine, and Tim Morrison, the former national security presidential adviser on Europe and Russia, gave public testimony before the House Intelligence Committee.[76]
On November 20, 2019, Ambassador Sondland testified that he conducted his work with Giuliani at the "express direction of the president",[77] and that he understood a potential White House invitation for Zelensky to be contingent on Ukraine announcing investigations into the 2016 elections and Burisma.[78][79] Later the same day, Cooper and David Hale, who serves as the under secretary of state for Political Affairs, testified jointly before the committee.[80] On November 21, 2019, Fiona Hill—who until August 2019 was the top Russia expert on the National Security Council—criticized Republicans for promulgating the "fictional narrative" that Ukraine rather than Russia interfered in the 2016 election, asserting that the theory was planted by Russia and played into its hands.[81][82] Testifying alongside Hill was the current head of political affairs in the U.S. Embassy in Ukraine, David Holmes.[83][84][85]
On December 3, the House Intelligence Committee voted 13–9 along party lines to adopt a final report and also send it to the House Judiciary Committee.[86][87][4] The report's preface states:
[T]he impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection. In furtherance of this scheme, President Trump conditioned official acts on a public announcement by the new Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelensky, of politically-motivated investigations, including one into President Trump's domestic political opponent. In pressuring President Zelensky to carry out his demand, President Trump withheld a White House meeting desperately sought by the Ukrainian President, and critical U.S. military assistance to fight Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine.[4]: 8–9
The Republicans of the House committees had released a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence doesn't support accusations. "The evidence presented does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor," said the draft report.[88][89] This report also painted the push to impeachment as solely politically motivated. "The Democrats are trying to impeach a duly elected President based on the accusations and assumptions of unelected bureaucrats who disagreed with President Trump's policy initiatives and processes," the report's executive summary states.[90]
Impeachment
Judiciary Committee hearings
On December 5, Speaker Pelosi authorized the Judiciary Committee to begin drafting articles of impeachment.[91]
A set of impeachment hearings was brought before the Judiciary Committee, with Trump and his lawyers being invited to attend.[92][93] The administration declined, as the president was scheduled to attend a NATO summit in London.[94] In a second letter on December 6, Cipollone again said the White House will not offer a defense or otherwise participate in the impeachment inquiry, writing to chairman Nadler, "As you know, your impeachment inquiry is completely baseless and has violated basic principles of due process and fundamental fairness."[95] Nadler responded in a statement, "We gave President Trump a fair opportunity to question witnesses and present his own to address the overwhelming evidence before us. After listening to him complain about the impeachment process, we had hoped that he might accept our invitation."[96]
The first hearing, held on December 4, 2019, was an academic discussion on the definition of an impeachable offense. The witnesses invited by Democrats were law professors Noah Feldman from Harvard, Pamela S. Karlan from Stanford, and Michael Gerhardt from the University of North Carolina. Republicans invited Jonathan Turley, a constitutional scholar at George Washington University;[97][98] Turley, who had testified in favor of the impeachment of President Bill Clinton in 1999,[99][100] testified against impeaching Trump, citing a lack of evidence.[101] It was observed that he contradicted his own opinion on impeachment from when Clinton was on trial.[102][103][104]
Potential articles of impeachment outlined during the hearing include: abuse of power for arranging a quid pro quo with the president of Ukraine, obstruction of Congress for hindering the House's investigation, and obstruction of justice for attempting to dismiss Robert Mueller during his investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 election.[105] On December 5, Pelosi requested the House Judiciary Committee draft articles of impeachment.[106][107]
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said after the vote that while this was "a great day for the Constitution" it was "a sad day for America". “I could not be prouder or more inspired by the moral courage of the House Democrats. We never asked one of them how they were going to vote. We never whipped this vote,” she said.[108]
Articles of impeachment
On the morning of December 10, 2019, Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee announced that they would levy two articles of impeachment, designated H. Res. 755: (1) abuse of power, and (2) obstruction of Congress,[109][110] in its investigation of the President's conduct regarding Ukraine.[111] Draft text of the articles was released later that day,[112] as well as a report by the judiciary committee outlining the constitutional case for impeachment and asserting that "impeachment is part of democratic governance."[113]: 51 The committee planned to vote on the articles on December 12,[114][115] but abruptly postponed it to the next day after the 14-hour partisan debate on the final versions of the articles lasted until after 11:00 p.m. EST.[116] On the morning of December 13,[116] the Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass both articles of impeachment; both articles passed 23–17, with all Democrats present voting in support and all Republicans present voting in opposition. The articles were forwarded to the full House for debate and a vote on whether to impeach the president on December 18.[117]
The House Judiciary Committee released a 658-page report on the articles of impeachment on December 16. It specifies criminal bribery and wire fraud charges as part of the abuse of power article.[118] The Judiciary Committee votes to approve the articles of impeachment were as follows:
| Article I vote | Article II vote |
|---|---|
| ■ Democratic: 23 yes, 0 no ■ Republican: 0 yes, 17 no |
■ Democratic: 23 yes, 0 no ■ Republican: 0 yes, 17 no |
House vote
Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the U.S. Constitution states that "The House of Representatives ... shall have the sole Power of Impeachment."[119]
The House Rules Committee held a hearing to write the rules governing the debate over impeachment on December 17.[120] The first, of three votes, was on the rules governing debate: 228 to 197, with all Republicans and two Democrats voting no.[121] This was followed by six hours of debate. One of the highlights of this contentious event was Rep. Barry Loudermilk (R-GA) comparing the impeachment inquiry of President Trump to the trial of Jesus Christ, saying that the Christian savior was treated far better by the authorities.[122]
The formal impeachment vote in the House of Representatives took place on December 18, 2019.[123] Shortly after 8:30 pm EST (01:30 UTC), both articles of impeachment passed.[124] The votes for the charge of abuse of power were 230 in favor, 197 against, and 1 present: House Democrats all voted in support except Collin Peterson (MN) and Jeff Van Drew (NJ), who voted against, and Tulsi Gabbard (HI), who voted "present"; all House Republicans voted against, although former Republican turned Independent Justin Amash (MI) voted in support of both articles.[125] The votes for the charge of obstruction of Congress were 229 in favor, 198 against, and 1 present: all Democrats voted in support except Peterson, Van Drew, and Jared Golden (ME), who voted against; and Gabbard, who again voted "present".[126]
Three soon-to-be-retiring representatives did not vote: Duncan D. Hunter (R-CA), who was banned from voting under the House's rules after pleading guilty to illegally using campaign funds; José E. Serrano (D-NY), who had a health setback after being diagnosed with Parkinson's disease earlier in the year; and John Shimkus (R-IL), who was visiting his son in Tanzania.[127]
| Article I[128] (Abuse of power) |
Article II[129] (Obstruction of Congress) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yea | Nay | Present | Yea | Nay | Present | |||||
| Democratic | 229 | Collin Peterson and Jeff Van Drew | 1 | Democratic | 228 | Collin Peterson, Jeff Van Drew, and Jared Golden | 1 | |||
| Republican | 195 | Republican | 195 | |||||||
| Independent | 1 | Independent | 1 | |||||||
| Total | 230 | 197 | 1 | Total | 229 | 198 | 1 | |||
| Adopted | Adopted | |||||||||
Preparation for Senate trial
As the articles of impeachment moved to a vote before the full House and referral to the Senate for trial, Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell met with White House Counsel Pat Cipollone and congressional liaison Eric Ueland, later stating, "Everything I do during this I'm coordinating with the White House counsel. There will be no difference between the president's position and our position as to how to handle this."[132] McConnell also said there was "No chance" the Senate would convict Trump and remove him from office, while declaring his wish that all Senate Republicans would acquit Trump of both articles of impeachment.[133] Two days later, Judiciary Committee chairman Lindsey Graham stated, "I am trying to give a pretty clear signal I have made up my mind. I'm not trying to pretend to be a fair juror here ... I will do everything I can to make [the impeachment trial] die quickly."[134] Three days later, McConnell stated, "I'm not an impartial juror. This is a political process. There is not anything judicial about it. Impeachment is a political decision."[135] The Constitution mandates senators to take an impeachment oath, in which by Senate rules is stated, "I will do impartial justice according to the Constitution and laws, so help me God."[136][137]
On December 15, Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer, in a letter to McConnell, called for Mulvaney, Robert Blair, John Bolton and Michael Duffey to testify in the expected Senate trial, and suggested that pre-trial proceedings take place on January 6, 2020.[138] Two days later, McConnell rejected the call for witnesses to testify, saying that the Senate's job is only to judge, not to investigate. Schumer quickly replied, citing bipartisan public support for the testimony of witnesses who could fill in gaps caused by Trump preventing his staff from testifying in the House investigation.[139][140]
Citing a need to "See what the process is on the Senate side," on the day of the impeachment Pelosi declined to commit on when, or even if, the impeachment resolution would be transmitted to the Senate, stating, "So far we haven’t seen anything that looks fair to us."[141]
Public opinion
As of mid December 2019, Americans remained sharply divided on whether Trump should be removed from office.[142] A USA Today/Suffolk University poll conducted on December 10–14, 2019 found that 45% of respondents supported the impeachment and removal of Trump of office, while 51% opposed it.[143] A CNN poll conducted on December 12–15 also found 45% supported impeachment, compared to 48% who opposed the idea.[144] A Gallup poll released on the day of Trump's impeachment found that Trump's approval rating increased by 6 points during the impeachment process, while support for the impeachment fell. [145]
| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Margin of error | Support[b] | Oppose[b] | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YouGov/Yahoo! News[146] | Dec 4–6 | 1500 | ± 2.8% | 47% | 39% | 16% |
| Monmouth University[147] | Dec 4–8 | 903 | ± 3.3% | 45% | 50% | 5% |
| Fox News[148] | Dec 8–11 | 1000 | ± 3% | 50% | 41% | 5% |
| NPR / PBS NewsHour / Marist[149] | Dec 9–11 | 1508 | ± 3.5% | 46% | 49% | 5% |
| USA Today / Suffolk[143] | Dec 10–14 | 1000 | ± 3% | 45% | 50% | 5% |
| Quinnipiac University[150] | Dec 11–15 | 1390 | ± 4.1% | 45% | 51% | 4% |
| CNN / SSRS[144] | Dec 12–15 | 888 | ± 3.7% | 45% | 48% | 9% |
Notes
- ^ Privileged business takes precedence over the regular order of business, so the House addressed it right away.[29]
- ^ a b These polls are color-coded relative to the margin of error (×2 for spread). If the poll is within the doubled margin of error, both colors are used. If the margin of error is, for example, 2.5, then the spread would be 5, so a 50% support / 45% oppose would be tied.
References
- ^ Fandos, Nicholas; Shear, Michael D. (December 18, 2019). "Trump Impeached for Abuse of Power and Obstruction of Congress – Voting nearly along party lines, the House approved two articles of impeachment against President Trump, making him the third president in history to face removal by the Senate". The New York Times. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ^ Mascaro, Lisa; Jalonick, Mary Clare; Miller, Zeke; Long, Colleen; Tucker, Eric; Colvin, Jill (December 3, 2019). "House Releases 300-Page Report Outlining Evidence for Trump's Impeachment". Time. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
- ^ Weiland, Noah (December 3, 2019). "Impeachment Briefing: The Democratic Report". The New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
- ^ a b c House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (December 3, 2019). "Report of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Pursuant to H. Res. 660 in Consultation with the House Committee on Oversight and Reform and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs" (PDF). U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
- ^ Shear, Michael D.; Baker, Peter (December 18, 2019). "Key Moments: The Day the House Impeached Trump". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- ^ Revesz, Rachael (January 20, 2017). "Website aiming to impeach Donald Trump so popular it crashed". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
{{cite news}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; October 7, 2019 suggested (help) - ^ Gold, Matea (January 20, 2017). "The campaign to impeach President Trump has begun". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 22, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
- ^ Singman, Brooke (June 7, 2017). "Reps. Green and Sherman announce plan to file articles of impeachment". Fox News. Archived from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ^ Draft resolutions: Sherman, Brad (June 12, 2017). "Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors" (PDF). United States House of Representatives. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017. and Green, Al (May 17, 2017). "Calling for Impeachment of the President" (PDF). Congressional Record. Vol. 63, no. 85. United States House of Representatives. pp. H4227 – H4228. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2017. (video at YouTube Archived June 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ McPherson, Lindsey (June 12, 2017). "Democratic Rep. Sherman Drafts Article of Impeachment Against Trump". Roll Call. Archived from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ DeBonis, Mike (December 6, 2017). "House votes to kill Texas lawmaker's Trump impeachment effort". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
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- ^ Fandos, Nicholas (March 4, 2019). "With Sweeping Document Request, Democrats Launch Broad Trump Corruption Inquiry". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- ^ Leopold, Jason; Cormier, Anthony (January 17, 2019). "President Trump Directed His Attorney Michael Cohen To Lie To Congress About The Moscow Tower Project". Buzzfeed News. Archived from the original on January 18, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
- ^ Barnes, Tom (January 18, 2019). "Trump told to 'resign or be impeached' if reports he instructed attorney Cohen to lie to congress are proven". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 18, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
- ^ Morgan, David; Wolfe, Jan (July 24, 2019). "Mueller says Trump was not exonerated; Trump declares victory". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
- ^ Hayes, Christal (May 29, 2019). "Democratic calls for Donald Trump impeachment grow after Mueller's first public remarks". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- ^ Jalonick, Mary Clare; Mascaro, Lisa (March 11, 2019). "Pelosi waves off impeachment, says it would divide country". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- ^ Breuninger, Kevin; Wilkie, Christina (May 7, 2019). "Nancy Pelosi: Trump is 'goading' Democrats to impeach him to solidify his base". CNBC. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- ^ Foran, Clare; Serfaty, Sunlen; Killough, Ashley (May 9, 2019). "Pelosi: Trump 'is almost self-impeaching because he is every day demonstrating more obstruction of justice'". CNN. Archived from the original on May 23, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- ^ Watkins, Eli; Bohn, Kevin (May 19, 2019). "GOP Rep. Amash becomes first Republican to say Trump 'engaged in impeachable conduct'". CNN. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- ^ Connolly, Griffin (January 3, 2019). "Brad Sherman to introduce impeachment articles against Trump on first day of Democratic Congress". Roll Call. Archived from the original on January 3, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- ^ "Actions—H.Res.13—116th Congress (2019–2020): Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors". Congress.gov. United States House of Representatives. February 4, 2019. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- ^ Serfaty, Sunlen; Killough, Ashley (March 27, 2019). "Tlaib formally submits impeachment resolution". CNN. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
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External links
- How each member of the House voted on impeachment — via CNN
- House impeaches President Trump – live-stream archive via C-SPAN
- Current events from December 2019
- Articles to be merged from December 2019
- Impeachment in the United States
- 116th United States Congress
- 2019 controversies in the United States
- Donald Trump controversies
- Donald Trump
- Political corruption investigations in the United States
- Trump administration controversies
- United States presidential history
- Impeachment of Donald Trump