Teuthonista: Difference between revisions
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Most of the characters derive from the Latin or Greek alphabet. The consonants are primarily mono-phonemic symbols. Fine nuances in articulation can be distinguished by [[diacritics]] (e.g. dots or tildes beneath or across the character). Vowels are distinguished with a more extensive system of diacritics. To describe the various dialectal sounds of the German letter "e", for example, the system uses the letter "e" with [[tréma]]s, upstrokes, [[tildes]] and [[ogonek]]s, separately and in combination. It is possible to write more than 500 different variants of the letter "e". There are a number of Teuthonista systems that use different base letters and diacritics, and the the characters they have in common do not have defined values between systems. |
Most of the characters derive from the Latin or Greek alphabet. The consonants are primarily mono-phonemic symbols. Fine nuances in articulation can be distinguished by [[diacritics]] (e.g. dots or tildes beneath or across the character). Vowels are distinguished with a more extensive system of diacritics. To describe the various dialectal sounds of the German letter "e", for example, the system uses the letter "e" with [[tréma]]s, upstrokes, [[tildes]] and [[ogonek]]s, separately and in combination. It is possible to write more than 500 different variants of the letter "e". There are a number of Teuthonista systems that use different base letters and diacritics, and the the characters they have in common do not have defined values between systems. |
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In Reichel (2003), the basic vowel letters are a e i o u. Vowels are stacked for an intermediate articulation (near-low vowels |
In Reichel (2003), the basic vowel letters are a e i o u. Vowels are stacked for an intermediate articulation (near-low vowels ᵉ/ₐ and ᵒ/ₐ, high-mid vowels ᵉ/ᵢ and ᵘ/ₒ, central vowels ⁱ/ᵤ and ᵉ/ₒ). Reduced vowels are ɪ ʊ ə α. |
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Lenis and fortis consonants are paired: b p, d t, k g. For fricatives they are: |
Lenis and fortis consonants are paired: b p, d t, k g. For fricatives they are: |
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As in the IPA and [[extIPA]], diacritics may doubled for greater degree and placed in parentheses for a lesser degree. |
As in the IPA and [[extIPA]], diacritics may doubled for greater degree and placed in parentheses for a lesser degree. For example, ẹ is a close (high) e, and e̤ a closer (higher) e. ë and ẽ are rounded and nasalized e, and ë̈, ẽ̃ are extra-rounded and extra-nasalized e. |
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==Usage== |
==Usage== |
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Revision as of 22:01, 9 January 2020
Teuthonista is a phonetic transcription system used predominantly for the transcription of (High) German dialects. The base characters are mostly based on the Latin alphabet, which can be modified by various diacritics.
History
The name Teuthonista goes back to the Journal Teuthonista, in which the transcription system was presented in 1924/25.[1]
Symbols
Most of the characters derive from the Latin or Greek alphabet. The consonants are primarily mono-phonemic symbols. Fine nuances in articulation can be distinguished by diacritics (e.g. dots or tildes beneath or across the character). Vowels are distinguished with a more extensive system of diacritics. To describe the various dialectal sounds of the German letter "e", for example, the system uses the letter "e" with trémas, upstrokes, tildes and ogoneks, separately and in combination. It is possible to write more than 500 different variants of the letter "e". There are a number of Teuthonista systems that use different base letters and diacritics, and the the characters they have in common do not have defined values between systems.
In Reichel (2003), the basic vowel letters are a e i o u. Vowels are stacked for an intermediate articulation (near-low vowels ᵉ/ₐ and ᵒ/ₐ, high-mid vowels ᵉ/ᵢ and ᵘ/ₒ, central vowels ⁱ/ᵤ and ᵉ/ₒ). Reduced vowels are ɪ ʊ ə α.
Lenis and fortis consonants are paired: b p, d t, k g. For fricatives they are:
| Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Dental | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lenis | w | v | s | š | ꭓ | ꭗ(?) | x |
| Fortis | f | ʃ | ʃ̌ |
As in the IPA and extIPA, diacritics may doubled for greater degree and placed in parentheses for a lesser degree. For example, ẹ is a close (high) e, and e̤ a closer (higher) e. ë and ẽ are rounded and nasalized e, and ë̈, ẽ̃ are extra-rounded and extra-nasalized e.
Usage
The Teuthonista phonetic transcription system is used by the following projects:
Lexicons
- Badisches Wörterbuch
- Bayerisches Wörterbuch
- Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Österreich
Linguistic atlases
- Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz
- Südwestdeutscher Sprachatlas
- Atlas der historischen deutschen Mundarten auf dem Gebiet der Tschechischen Republik
- Sprachatlas von Oberösterreich
- Vorarlberger Sprachatlas
- Teilprojekte des Bayerischen Sprachatlas
- Sprachatlas von Bayerisch-Schwaben
- Sprachatlas von Mittelfranken
- Sprachatlas von Unterfranken
- Sprachatlas von Niederbayern
- Sprachatlas von Nordostbayern
- Sprachatlas von Oberbayern
See also
References
- ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF).
Further reading
- Teuchert, Hermann: Lautschrift des Teuthonista. In: Teuthonista. 1 (1924/25), 5.
- Wiesinger, Peter: Das phonetische Transkriptionssystem der Zeitschrift "Teuthonista". Eine Studie zu seiner Entstehung und Anwendbarkeit in der deutschen Dialektologie mit einem Überblick über die Geschichte der phonetischen Transkription im Deutschen bis 1924. In: Zeitschrift für Mundartforschung.' 31. 1964: 1–20.
External links
- Handbuch zum Zeichensatz SMFTeuthonista by Sibylle Reichel, April 2003 at the Wayback Machine (archived July 24, 2004) (in German)
- Comparison of Teuthonista and IPA at the Wayback Machine (archived March 6, 2012) (in German)