Namazga-Tepe: Difference between revisions
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==Chronology== |
==Chronology== |
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It is believed that [[Anau, Turkmenistan|Anau]] culture of Turkmenia considerably precedes the Namazga culture in the area. Namazga I period (c. |
It is believed that [[Anau, Turkmenistan|Anau]] culture of Turkmenia considerably precedes the Namazga culture in the area. Namazga I period (c. 4000–3500 BC),<ref>Vidale, Massimo, (2017). Treasures from the Oxus, p. 9, Table 1.</ref> is considered contemporary with Anau IB2 period.{{cn|date=November 2019}} |
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Namazga IV (c. 2800–2400 BC),<ref>Vidale, Massimo, 2017. Treasures from the Oxus |
Namazga III (c. 3200-2800) as a village settlement in Late Chalcolithic phase, and Namazga IV (c. 2800–2400 BC) as a proto-urban site, both belong to the Late [[Regionalization Era]].<ref>Vidale, Massimo, (2017). Treasures from the Oxus, p. 9, Table 1.</ref> |
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Namazga V (c. |
Namazga V (c. 2400–2000 BC),<ref>Vidale, Massimo, (2017). Treasures from the Oxus, p. 9, Table 1.</ref> is in the [[Integration Era]] or the period of "urban revolution" following the Anatolian model with little or no irrigation. Namazga-Tepe emerges as the production and probable governmental center, covering some 60 hectares, with [[Altyndepe]] likely a secondary capital. Around 1600 BC, Altyndepe is abandoned, and Namazgadepe shrinks to a fraction of its former size. |
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Namazga VI in the Late Bronze Age (c. |
Namazga VI in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1800–1500 BC),<ref>Vidale, Massimo, (2017). Treasures from the Oxus, p. 9, Table 1.</ref>as part of the [[Localization Era]] is characterized by the incursion of nomadic pastoralists from the [[Alekseyevka culture]] and/or [[Srubna culture]]. |
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There have also been detailed painted potteries located at this site.<ref name=Langer>{{cite book | title = An Encyclopedia of World History | editor-last = Langer | editor-first = William L. | edition = 5th | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company | location = Boston, MA | year = 1972 | isbn = 0-395-13592-3 | page = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/17 17] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/17 }}</ref> |
There have also been detailed painted potteries located at this site.<ref name=Langer>{{cite book | title = An Encyclopedia of World History | editor-last = Langer | editor-first = William L. | edition = 5th | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company | location = Boston, MA | year = 1972 | isbn = 0-395-13592-3 | page = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/17 17] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/17 }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 21:19, 31 January 2020
  Location in Turkmenistan | |
| Alternative name | Namazga-depe |
|---|---|
| History | |
| Periods | Bronze Age |
| Cultures | BMAC |
Namazga-Tepe or Namazga-depe, is a Bronze Age (BMAC) archaeological site in Turkmenistan, some 100 km from Aşgabat, near the border to Iran. Excavated by Vadim Mikhailovich Masson, Viktor Sarianidi, and I. N. Khlopin from the 1950s, the site set the chronology for the Bronze Age sites in Turkmenistan (Namazga III-VI).
Chronology
It is believed that Anau culture of Turkmenia considerably precedes the Namazga culture in the area. Namazga I period (c. 4000–3500 BC),[1] is considered contemporary with Anau IB2 period.[citation needed]
Namazga III (c. 3200-2800) as a village settlement in Late Chalcolithic phase, and Namazga IV (c. 2800–2400 BC) as a proto-urban site, both belong to the Late Regionalization Era.[2]
Namazga V (c. 2400–2000 BC),[3] is in the Integration Era or the period of "urban revolution" following the Anatolian model with little or no irrigation. Namazga-Tepe emerges as the production and probable governmental center, covering some 60 hectares, with Altyndepe likely a secondary capital. Around 1600 BC, Altyndepe is abandoned, and Namazgadepe shrinks to a fraction of its former size.
Namazga VI in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1800–1500 BC),[4]as part of the Localization Era is characterized by the incursion of nomadic pastoralists from the Alekseyevka culture and/or Srubna culture.
There have also been detailed painted potteries located at this site.[5]
See also
References
- ^ Vidale, Massimo, (2017). Treasures from the Oxus, p. 9, Table 1.
- ^ Vidale, Massimo, (2017). Treasures from the Oxus, p. 9, Table 1.
- ^ Vidale, Massimo, (2017). Treasures from the Oxus, p. 9, Table 1.
- ^ Vidale, Massimo, (2017). Treasures from the Oxus, p. 9, Table 1.
- ^ Langer, William L., ed. (1972). An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 17. ISBN 0-395-13592-3.
Bibliography
- V. M. Masson and V. I. Sarianidi, Central Asia: Turkmenia before the Achaemenids (trans. Tringham, 1972); review: Charles C. Kolb, American Anthropologist (1973), 1945-1948.
External links
- Altin Tepe entry in Encyclopaedia Iranica