Devendrakula Velalar: Difference between revisions
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==Subcastes and divisions== |
==Subcastes and divisions== |
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The following is a list of seven subcastes of the Pallar |
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The following is a list of seven subcastes of the Devendrakula Velalar:<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lZuAAAAMAAJ|title=Societas to Civitas|last=Venkatasubramanian|first=T.K|date=1993|publisher=Kalinga Publications Press|isbn=9788185163420|location=|pages=74|language=en}}</ref> |
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*[[Devendra Kulathan]] |
*[[Devendra Kulathan]] |
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Revision as of 06:48, 4 February 2020
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Devendra Thirukula pallar is a Tamil speaking community prevalent in southern India. The community is mostly distributed in the Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Tiruchendur, Thiruparankundram, Virudhunagar, Madurai, Thanjavur, Ramanathapuram, Tiruchirappalli, Pudukkottai, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Coimbatore and Salem districts of Tamil Nadu.[1] The community is also found in Sri Lanka as subcaste of Pallar and Kadaiyar.
| Devendra Thirukula pallar | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Farmers, cultivators, warriors[2] |
| Religions | Hinduism |
| Languages | Tamil |
| Country | India, Sri Lanka |
| Original state | Tamil Nadu, Northern Province |
| Region | Pandya Nadu, Chola Nadu, Kongu Nadu |
History
In ancient times they worshiped Vendhan (Devendran), hence, they were called Devendran. As heads of village councils, they were also known as Devendra Kudumban. They were the first to till the land and build the cities of ancient Tamil civilization. They get first respect in most of the temples in southern part of Tamil Nadu.[3]
Chola Hegemony
They had land ownership and were part of military services.[3]
Pallava Hegemony
- K. R. Hanumanthan is also of the view they were an ancient community of Tamil Nadu who worked under the Pallavas as Political Chieftain with the title Kurumbar.[3][4]
Subcastes and divisions
The following is a list of seven subcastes of the Pallar
Organisation
They have their own caste headman and panchayat to settle disputes among them.
Kongu Nadu
- In Coimbatore, the headman is called Pattakaran, he is assisted by various subordinate officers and caste messenger called Odum Pillai.
- In Salem, the headman called Palakan, a chief guru called Camiar or Karumapuram, a priest called Valluvan and messenger called Odum Pillai.
Chola Nadu
- In Trichy, they generally have 3 or more headman for each village, over whom is the Nattu Mooppan. Each village also has a peon called Odum Pillai.
The village councils are attended by the Mooppan and the Nattu Mooppan.
- In Karur, between the Nattu Mooppan and the ordinary Mooppans, there is Puli Mooppan.
Pandya Nadu
- In Madurai district the headman is called Kudumban whose assistant is called Kalati and messenger Variyan.[5]
- Kodai Valanattar
- Seevantha Valanattar
- Paruthikottai Valanattar
- Sikka Valanattar
- Seluva Valanattar
- Veera Nattar
- Samudra Nattar
As irrigation is vital to the latter must have held a key position. Their occupation being seasonal thy have enjoyed greater mobility and had also served in the army of the Polygars.[2][6]
Surnames
Pandya region
- Kudumbar in Thirunelvelli
- Pandian in Sengottai
- Nattar
Chola region
- Mooppan
- Panikkan
- Kaladi
- Kadaiganar
- Vaykkaran
Kongu region
- Kongu
- Pandya
- Chola
- Kadaignan
The titles assumed by them are Kudumban, Pannadi, Pattakaran, Mannadi, Pallar and Mooppan.[7]
Inscription
Two inscriptions assigned to the seventeenth century one from Karivalamvanthanallur (Sankaranainarkoil Taluk, Tirunelveli District), and another from Srivilliputhur (formerly with Tinnevelly District and later with Ramanathapuram District) referred to them as Devendra Kudumban.[8]
Notable members
- Veeran Sundaralingam, was an 18th-century CE general from Tamil Nadu, India.
- Immanuvel Devendrar, was a 19th-century CE freedom fighter from Tamil Nadu, India.
- K. Krishnasamy, is a physician turned politician who founded and currently acts as president of the party Puthiya Tamilagam.
References
- ^ Venkatasubramanian, T.K (1993). Societas to Civitas. Kalinga Publications Press. p. 74. ISBN 9788185163420.
- ^ a b c "Chapter II - CASTE AND WOMEN" (PDF). Social conditions in Tamil Nadu: 104. 1996 – via INFLIBNET.
- ^ a b c Caste based social system (PDF). publisher. p. 244.
- ^ Hanumanthan, K.R (1979). Untouchability: A Historical Study Upto 1500 A.D. : with Special Reference to Tamil Nadu. Koodal publisher. pp. 101–103.
- ^ K.Rangachari, Edgar thurston (2001). Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 1. Asian educational services. p. 478. ISBN 9788120602885.
- ^ Conference, South Indian History Congress (1982). Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ..., Issue 3. The Congress Press. p. 172. ISBN 978052154885.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: length (help) - ^ Hanumanthan, K.R (1982). Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ..., Issue 3. The congress Press. p. 171.
- ^ Venkatasubramanian, T.K (1986). Political Change and Agrarian Tradition in South India, C. 1600-1801: A Case ... Mittal Publications Press. p. 52. ISBN 978052154885.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: length (help)