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The '''quinton''' is a bowed musical instrument, [[cordophone]], played mostly in [[France]] in XVIII th century (between [[1730]] and [[1789]]). It takes its name from the fact that, in ensembles, it played the ''quinta vox'' or [[quintus (vocal music)]]. Another derivation of the name may be from the number of strings and for assonance with ''violon''<ref name="MH"> Myrna Herzog, [https://www.academia.edu/29636272/Is_the_Quinton_a_Viol_A_Puzzle_Unraveled Is the quinton a viol? A puzzle unravelled] ''Early Music'' 28.1 (2000): 9-31. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518969 JSTOR reference]</ref>. By the same name it is sometimes denoted the [[pardessus de viole]], since the pardessus lost one string and adopted the same tuning of the quinton. However, while the [[pardessus]] is viol-shaped, the quinton is violin-shaped<ref name="MH"/>. |
The '''quinton''' is a bowed musical instrument, [[cordophone]], played mostly in [[France]] in XVIII th century (between [[1730]] and [[1789]]). It takes its name from the fact that, in ensembles, it played the ''quinta vox'' or [[quintus (vocal music)|quintus]]. Another derivation of the name may be from the number of strings and for assonance with ''violon''<ref name="MH"> Myrna Herzog, [https://www.academia.edu/29636272/Is_the_Quinton_a_Viol_A_Puzzle_Unraveled Is the quinton a viol? A puzzle unravelled] ''Early Music'' 28.1 (2000): 9-31. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518969 JSTOR reference]</ref>. By the same name it is sometimes denoted the [[pardessus de viole]], since the pardessus lost one string and adopted the same tuning of the quinton. However, while the [[pardessus]] is viol-shaped, the quinton is violin-shaped<ref name="MH"/>. |
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Revision as of 19:29, 6 February 2020
.jpg) Quinton made in Mirecourt, 18th century |
The quinton is a bowed musical instrument, cordophone, played mostly in France in XVIII th century (between 1730 and 1789). It takes its name from the fact that, in ensembles, it played the quinta vox or quintus. Another derivation of the name may be from the number of strings and for assonance with violon[1]. By the same name it is sometimes denoted the pardessus de viole, since the pardessus lost one string and adopted the same tuning of the quinton. However, while the pardessus is viol-shaped, the quinton is violin-shaped[1].
Caracteristics
The quinton was an hybrid between the violin (structure of the body, f-shaped holes), and the viol (sloped shoulders, wider fingerboard with seven adjustable frets). The tuning of five strings was intermediate between violin and viol: G, D', A', D", G". The pegbox ended either in a scroll, like violins, or in a carved head, like viols. It was played on the lap, with underhand bow grip, as the pardessus.
Storia
Lo strumento compare intorno al 1730, come risposta dei costruttori francesi al crescente prestigio degli strumenti ad arco italiani dell'epoca[2]. Analogamente al violino piccolo, nasce per eseguire agevolmente passi di tessitura alta, ma rispetto a quest'ultimo aveva una maggiore sonorità nel registro acuto, mantenendo però un suono corposo nel registro grave. È diventato uno strumento alla moda in Francia, prediletto dalle donne e suonato regolarmente nei concerti[2]; l'apice di popolarità del quinton è a metà del secolo, all'inizio degli anni cinquanta. Molti prestigiosi liutai francesi[3] costruirono quinton di ottima fattura, conferendo a tale strumento un alto valore di mercato. Dagli anni sessanta ha perso importanza (analogamente ad altre viole da gamba) e ha assunto caratteristiche più prossime al violino (accordatura ed impugnatura dell'arco), venendo praticamente abbandonato nel periodo della Rivoluzione francese.
Repertorio
Alcune sonate scritte appositamente per questo strumento sono state composte da Jacques Aubert[4] e pubblicate nella sua op. 4.
Note
- ^ a b Myrna Herzog, Is the quinton a viol? A puzzle unravelled Early Music 28.1 (2000): 9-31. JSTOR reference
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
grovewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Tra cui Jacques Boquay, Claude Boivin, Augustin Chappuy, Jean Colin, François Gaviniès, Paul-François Grosset, Louis Guersan, François Le Jeune, Jean-Baptiste Salomon. Incisioni di ricci sono state fatte anche dal grande La Fille. Cfr. Template:Cita
- ^ Jacques Aubert (1689-1753), compositore e violinista francese.
Bibliografia
- Dizionario Enciclopedico Universale della Musica e dei Musicisti: Quinton. Vol. Il Lessico, vol. 4. UTET. 1984. p. 51. ISBN 88-02-03820-1.
- Myrna Herzog, Robert A. Green. Grove Music Online: Quinton. Oxford Music Online.
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