2020 Irish general election: Difference between revisions
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The '''2020 Irish general election''' |
The '''2020 Irish general election''' took place on Saturday, 8 February 2020. This was the first election since [[1918 Irish general election|1918]] to be held on a weekend instead of a weekday. The election was called following the dissolution of the [[Members of the 32nd Dáil|32nd Dáil]] by the [[President of Ireland|President]], at the request of [[Taoiseach]] [[Leo Varadkar]] on 14 January 2020. 159 of 160 [[Dáil Éireann]] seats were contested, with the outgoing [[Ceann Comhairle]] being re-elected automatically. |
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The three largest parties each won a share of the vote between 20% and 25%. [[Fianna Fáil]] secured the most seats, with 38, including the outgoing Ceann Comhairle who was elected unopposed. [[Sinn Féin]] won the most first-preference votes and 37 seats, its best performance since its modern incarnation in 1970. [[Fine Gael]], led by Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, finished third in both number of seats (35) and first-preference votes. To secure a majority, a government would need the support of 80 or more [[Teachta Dála|Teachtaí Dála]] of the 160 seats in the Dáil. Any government would therefore need the support of more than two parties or a large group of [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Independent]] TDs, or a formal [[confidence and supply]] arrangement with another party that would agree to abstain on votes of confidence and the budget. |
The three largest parties each won a share of the vote between 20% and 25%. [[Fianna Fáil]] secured the most seats, with 38, including the outgoing Ceann Comhairle who was elected unopposed. [[Sinn Féin]] won the most first-preference votes and 37 seats, its best performance since its modern incarnation in 1970. [[Fine Gael]], led by Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, finished third in both number of seats (35) and first-preference votes. To secure a majority, a government would need the support of 80 or more [[Teachta Dála|Teachtaí Dála]] of the 160 seats in the Dáil. Any government would therefore need the support of more than two parties or a large group of [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Independent]] TDs, or a formal [[confidence and supply]] arrangement with another party that would agree to abstain on votes of confidence and the budget. |
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Turnout | 62.9% 2.2pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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File:2020 Irish general election - Results.svg Results of the election by constituency. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 2020 Irish general election took place on Saturday, 8 February 2020. This was the first election since 1918 to be held on a weekend instead of a weekday. The election was called following the dissolution of the 32nd Dáil by the President, at the request of Taoiseach Leo Varadkar on 14 January 2020. 159 of 160 Dáil Éireann seats were contested, with the outgoing Ceann Comhairle being re-elected automatically.
The three largest parties each won a share of the vote between 20% and 25%. Fianna Fáil secured the most seats, with 38, including the outgoing Ceann Comhairle who was elected unopposed. Sinn Féin won the most first-preference votes and 37 seats, its best performance since its modern incarnation in 1970. Fine Gael, led by Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, finished third in both number of seats (35) and first-preference votes. To secure a majority, a government would need the support of 80 or more Teachtaí Dála of the 160 seats in the Dáil. Any government would therefore need the support of more than two parties or a large group of Independent TDs, or a formal confidence and supply arrangement with another party that would agree to abstain on votes of confidence and the budget.
Background
Since the 2016 Irish general election, Fine Gael led a minority government with the support of Independent TDs, including the Independent Alliance. It relied on a confidence and supply agreement with Fianna Fáil.
On 3 December 2019, a motion of no confidence in the Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government Eoghan Murphy proposed by Catherine Murphy for the Social Democrats was defeated, with 53 votes in favour to 56 votes against and 35 registered abstentions.[1] On 9 January 2020, Independent TD Michael Collins called for a motion of no confidence in the Minister for Health Simon Harris.[2] On 14 January, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar sought a dissolution of the Dáil which was granted by the president, with the 33rd Dáil to convene on 20 February at 12 noon.[3][4] The election was set for 8 February, which was to be the first time a general election was held on a Saturday since 1918.[5][6]
Electoral system
One hundred fifty-nine of the 160 members of Dáil Éireann were elected by single transferable vote (STV) from 39 constituencies, each returning between three and five TDs (Dáil deputies). Voters complete a paper ballot, numbering candidates 1, 2, 3, etc. for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. preference. Ballots are sent to the constituency count centre after polls close and are counted the following morning over several counts. In STV, each ballot is initially credited to its first-preference candidate but may be transferred on later counts to the next available preference where the first preference candidate is elected or eliminated.[7]
Constituency boundary changes
A Constituency Commission, convened in July 2016 under the provisions of the Electoral Act 1997 with Judge Robert Haughton as chair, made recommendations on changes to constituency boundaries after publication of initial population data from the 2016 census.[8][9] The Commission had some discretion but was constitutionally bound to allow no more than a ratio of 30,000 people per elected member, and was required by law to recommend constituencies of three, four or five seats, and to avoid – as far as was practicable – breaching county boundaries. The Commission report, released on 27 June 2017, recommended an increase in the number of TDs from 158 to 160 elected in 39 constituencies.[10][11] These changes were implemented by the Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2017.[12][13] The election of the 33rd Dáil is therefore being held using the new boundaries, for 160 seats.
As the outgoing Ceann Comhairle, Seán Ó Fearghaíl, did not announce his retirement, he was automatically returned, and the remaining 159 of the 160 seats were up for election.[14]
Retiring incumbents
The following members of the 32nd Dáil did not seek re-election.
Campaign
The campaign officially began after the dissolution of Dáil Éireann on 14 January 2020 and lasted until polling day on 8 February 2020. Polling was just over a week after the United Kingdom (which includes Northern Ireland) withdrew from the European Union, making it the first major election to be held within the EU since Brexit. The election took place on a Saturday for the first time since the 1918 election.[33] Leo Varadkar said that the change of day was to prevent school closures (many schools in Ireland are used as polling stations) and to make it easy for third-level students and those working away from home to vote.[34]
Nomination of candidates closed on Wednesday, 22 January. A record number of women were nominated, with 162 of the 531 candidates.[35] This was the first Irish general election in which there was a female candidate running in every constituency. If a party does not have a minimum of 30% male and 30% female candidates, it forfeits half of their state funding. At close of nominations, Fine Gael had 30.5% female candidates, Fianna Fáil had 31%, Labour had 32%, Sinn Féin had 33%, People Before Profit had 38%, the Green Party had 41%, and the Social Democrats had 57%, all passing the quota.[36]
Parties contesting a general election for the first time included Aontú, Irish Freedom Party, National Party and RISE (as part of S–PBP).
Voter registration via the Supplementary Register of Voters closed on 23 January, with very high registration taking place on the last day – Dublin City Council, for example, reporting 3,500 registrations on the final day allowed, and a total of 14,000 additional registrations, reported to be twice the normal amount for a general election.[37]
On 3 February 2020, the returning officer for Tipperary cancelled the writ of election there, as required by Section 62 of the Electoral Act 1992, after the death of candidate Marese Skehan.[38] However, the Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government formed a view that the 1992 provision breached the constitutional requirement that elections take place within 30 days of a Dáil dissolution, so on 5 February he issued a Special Difficulty Order allowing the election to proceed on the same date as other constituencies.[39][40] Skehan's name remained on the ballot paper.[41]
Party manifestos and slogans
Television debates
The first leaders' debate took place on Virgin Media One on 22 January, but was restricted to Leo Varadkar and Micheál Martin.[54]
A leaders' debate featuring seven party leaders/representatives took place on RTÉ One on Monday 27 January, from NUI Galway.[55][56]
On 27 January, RTÉ published an article explaining its rationale as to whom it invited to appear in televised leadership debates.[57] Aontú announced that it would seek a High Court injunction in order to prevent the broadcast of the leaders' debate scheduled for the same day but later in the day they announced that they would not proceed with the action.[58]
A further RTÉ debate was scheduled for 4 February, again on RTÉ One, and featuring only Varadkar and Martin. Mary Lou McDonald, leader of Sinn Féin, had objected to her exclusion, and Sinn Féin threatened legal action if it was excluded from this debate.[59] On 3 February, RTÉ announced that it had invited McDonald to participate in the final debate, in part due to Sinn Féin's standing in recent opinion polls, and Sinn Féin confirmed that it would accept the invitation.[60][61]
A final debate between the leader of smaller parties took place on 6 February on RTÉ One.
Opinion polls
Opinion polls on voting intentions were conducted regularly. Polls were published on an approximately monthly basis by The Sunday Business Post (which uses the Red C polling company) and The Sunday Times (which used the Behaviour and Attitudes polling company for all of its polls since 2016 until its final poll prior to the election, for which it used Panelbase).
Less frequent polls were published by The Irish Times, Sunday Independent, Irish Mail on Sunday, RTÉ News, and others.
The chart below depicts the results of opinion polls since the previous general election.
Results
Polls opened at 07:00 UTC and closed at 22:00 UTC. The total poll was down by 2.2% to 62.9% compared to the previous election, despite it being held on a Saturday. However, severe weather warnings were in place over much of the country due to Storm Ciara.
Counting of the votes commenced at 09:00 UTC on 9 February and concluded at 23:59 UTC on 10 February, with Galway East being the first constituency to report and Cavan-Monaghan being the final constituency to report.[62][63]
The results of the election showed a close contest between three parties, with Fianna Fáil winning 38 seats in the Dáil Éireann, which includes one seat held by the Ceann Comhairle, whose seat is secured and is not contested. Second place in terms of seats was Sinn Féin which won 37 seats, a gain of fifteen over the previous election. Fine Gael, the party of Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, lost twelve seats to drop to third place. Among the smaller parties, the Green Party showed the largest gains, increasing from three to twelve seats, a gain of nine over the previous election. In terms of popular vote, despite their close second place finish in terms of parliamentary seats, Sinn Féin received the most first-preference votes nationwide, though no single party secured more than 25% of the first-preference votes, nor more than 25% of the seats.
Journalists commented on the effects of Sinn Féin's late surge and unexpectedly high first-preference vote. John Drennan listed eleven constituencies where it might have won another seat had it run an extra candidate.[64] Marie O'Halloran said Sinn Féin transfers affected the outcome of 21 constituencies, favouring other left-wing parties.[65] Sean Murray noted that Solidarity–People Before Profit benefited most from Sinn Féin transfers.[66]
style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #66BB66;" data-sort-value="Fianna Fáil" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6699FF;" data-sort-value="Fine Gael" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #22AC6F;" data-sort-value="Green Party (Ireland)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #CC0000;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (Ireland)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #752F8B;" data-sort-value="Social Democrats (Ireland)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #8E2420;" data-sort-value="Solidarity–People Before Profit" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #44532A;" data-sort-value="Aontú" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FFC0CB;" data-sort-value="Independents 4 Change" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #006633;" data-sort-value="Irish Freedom Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FFA500;" data-sort-value="Renua" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #264A3C;" data-sort-value="National Party (Ireland, 2016)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #23588C;" data-sort-value="Irish Democratic Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #F8F9FA;" data-sort-value="Workers' Party of Ireland" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0066ff;" data-sort-value="United People" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #F8F9FA;" data-sort-value="Independent politicians in Ireland" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #000000;" data-sort-value="Ceann Comhairle" |Party | Leader | First-preference votes | Seats | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % FPv[d] | Swing (pp) | Cand. [71] |
2016 | Out. | Elected 2020 |
Change | |||
Sinn Féin | Mary Lou McDonald | 535,595 | 24.5 | 10.7 | 42 | 23 | 22 | 37 / 160 (23%)
|
14 | |
Fianna Fáil | Micheál Martin | 484,320 | 22.2 | 2.2 | 84 | 44 | 45 | 37 / 160 (23%)
|
7 | |
Fine Gael | Leo Varadkar | 455,584 | 20.9 | 4.7 | 82 | 49 | 47 | 35 / 160 (22%)
|
14 | |
Green | Eamon Ryan | 155,700 | 7.1 | 4.4 | 39 | 2 | 3 | 12 / 160 (8%)
|
10 | |
Labour | Brendan Howlin | 95,588 | 4.4 | 2.2 | 31 | 7 | 7 | 6 / 160 (4%)
|
1 | |
Social Democrats | Catherine Murphy Róisín Shortall |
63,404 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 6 / 160 (4%)
|
3 | |
Solidarity–PBP[c] | Collective leadership | 57,420 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 36 | 6 | 6 | 5 / 160 (3%)
|
1 | |
Aontú | Peadar Tóibín | 41,614 | 1.9 | new party | 26 | New | 1 | 1 / 160 (0.6%)
|
1 | |
Inds. 4 Change | None | 8,421 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 / 160 (0.6%)
|
3 | |
Irish Freedom | Hermann Kelly | 5,495 | 0.3 | new party | 11 | New | 0 | 0 / 160 (0%)
|
- | |
Renua | Vacant | 5,473 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 / 160 (0%)
|
- | |
National Party | Justin Barrett | 4,773 | 0.2 | new party | 10 | New | 0 | 0 / 160 (0%)
|
- | |
Irish Democratic | Ken Smollen | 2,611 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 / 160 (0%)
|
- | |
Workers' Party of Ireland | Michael Donnelly | 1,195 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 / 160 (0%)
|
- | |
United People | Jeff Rudd | 43 | 0.0 | new party | 1 | New | 0 | 0 / 160 (0%)
|
- | |
Independent politicians in Ireland | — | 266,529 | 12.2 | 3.7[e] | 125 | 19[e] | 22[e] | 19 / 160 (12%)
|
0 | |
Ceann Comhairle | Seán Ó Fearghaíl | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 / 160 (0.6%)
|
0 | |
Spoilt votes | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
Total | 2,183,765 | 100% | — | 552[71] | 158 | 157[b] | 160 | 2 | ||
Registered voters/Turnout | 62.9% | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Voting summary
Seats summary
TDs who lost their seats
Government formation
As there are 160 members of Dáil Éireann (including the Ceann Comhairle who casts a vote only in the case of a tie), 80 TDs are needed to form a governing coalition. A smaller group could form a minority government if they can negotiate a confidence and supply agreement with another party.
During the campaign, the leaders of both Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil ruled out forming a coalition government with Sinn Féin.[72]
Some in Fianna Fáil were reported to favour going into coalition with Sinn Féin over renewing an arrangement with Fine Gael. Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald announced her intention to try to form a coalition government without either Fine Gael or Fianna Fáil. However, she did not rule out a coalition with either party.[72] After the results came in on 10–11 February, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar continued to rule out a Fine Gael coalition with Sinn Féin, while Micheál Martin changed tack and left open the possibility of a Fianna Fáil–Sinn Féin coalition or a "grand coalition" with Fine Gael.[73] On 12 February, Varadkar conceded that he would likely become the next Opposition Leader, adding that as the party with the highest vote, the responsibility falls to Sinn Féin to build a coalition that allows it to keep its campaign promises, and that Fine Gael was "willing to step back" to allow Sinn Féin to do so.[74]
Sinn Féin have also stated an intention to form a broad left coalition; combined, the parties of the left have 67 seats (37 Sinn Féin, 12 Green, 6 Labour, 6 Social Democrats, 5 Solidarity–PBP, and 1 Independents 4 Change), so the support of at least 13 independents (out of 19 total) would be needed to form a government.[75][73] A Fianna Fáil–Fine Gael coalition would have 72 seats and so would need support from smaller parties or independents to form a government. A Fianna Fáil–Sinn Féin coalition would have 74 seats, which would also require smaller party or independent support.[76]
Notes
- ^ a b Includes the Ceann Comhairle Seán Ó Fearghaíl, elected to Dáil Éireann in 2002 for Fianna Fáil, who is returned automatically.
- ^ a b On 19 May 2018, Dara Murphy of Cork North-Central announced his intention to retire at the next general election. However, he subsequently resigned from Dáil Éireann on 3 December 2019, leaving his seat vacant at dissolution.
- ^ a b c d e People Before Profit, Solidarity and RISE contested this election as Solidarity–People Before Profit. People Before Profit had 27 candidates, Solidarity had 9 candidates, and RISE had 1 candidate. They issued separate manifestos.
- ^ Parties are entitled to public funding proportionate to their first-preference vote (subject to a minimum 2% FPv).[70]
- ^ a b c The 2016 figures include 4.2% first-preference votes and six TDs from the Independent Alliance, which is not a political party.
- ^ Aylward lost his seat in 2011 but regained it in 2015.
- ^ Curran lost his seat in 2011 but regained it in 2016.
- ^ Gallagher was previously a TD from 1981 to 1997, and from 2002 to 2009.
- ^ Scanlon lost his seat in 2011 but regained it in 2016.
- ^ D'Arcy lost his seat in 2011 but regained it in 2016.
- ^ Burton lost her seat in 1997 but regained it in 2002.
- ^ Healy lost his seat in 2007 but regained it in 2011.
References
- ^ "Confidence in the Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government: Motion (Resumed) [Private Members] – Votes – Dáil Éireann (32nd Dáil) – 3 December 2019". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
- ^ "TD calling for no-confidence vote in Simon Harris". RTÉ News. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ "President signs warrant for the dissolution of the 32nd Dáil". President of Ireland. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ "Forógra (Proclamation)" (PDF). Iris Oifigiúil (5): 90. 17 January 2020.
- ^ "Minister Murphy makes an order appointing Saturday 8 February as the General election polling day". Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ "Irish election: first-ever Saturday general election vote". BBC News. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ "Dáil Éireann (House of Representatives)". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 24 March 2019.; "Electoral Act 1992 [Part XIX]". Irish Statute Book. 5 November 1992. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ^ "Commission established to review Dáil and European Constituencies". 14 July 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ "Constituency Commission". www.constituency-commission.ie.
- ^ "Introduction and summary of recommendations" (PDF). Constituency Commission 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ "Dáil constituencies where no change is recommended" (PDF). Constituency Commission 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ "Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2017". Irish Statute Book. 23 December 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ "The January polls and the Impact of the Constituency Commission 2017 report changes: Constituency-level analysis of the Irish Times-Ipsos MRBI (24th January 2018) and Sunday Times- Behaviour & Attitudes (21st January 2018) opinion polls". Irish Elections: Geography, Facts and Analyses. 26 January 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ Kelly, Olivia (10 February 2020). "Election 2020: Sean Ó Fearghaíl (Fianna Fáil)". The Irish Times. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ McMorrow, Conor (7 March 2018). "Sinn Féin's Ó Caoláin will not contest next election". RTÉ News. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
- ^ O'Regan, Eilish (13 January 2020). "Dr Michael Harty will not seek re-election as TD". Irish Independent. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
- ^ "Sinn Féin's O'Brien will not contest next general election". RTÉ News. 6 January 2020.
- ^ "Fine Gael's Jim Daly will not contest next general election". RTÉ News. 20 September 2019.
- ^ "Independent TD Tommy Broughan announces retirement from Dáil". The Irish Times. 22 January 2020.
- ^ "Finian McGrath confirms he won't stand in February election". Irish Examiner. 14 January 2020.
- ^ "Maureen O'Sullivan announces she will not run for re-election in Dublin Central". The Irish Times. 16 January 2020.
- ^ "Labour TD Brendan Ryan will not contest general election". RTÉ News. 8 January 2020.
- ^ "Maria Bailey is not seeking re-election to the Dáil". RTÉ News. 22 January 2020.
- ^ "Leo Varadkar's tenure as Taoiseach may soon be over". Irish Examiner. 6 December 2019.
- ^ "Martin Ferris says he will stand down as TD". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|ldate=
(help) - ^ "Michael Noonan to step down as Finance Minister - and won't run again for Dáil". Irish Independent. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ Mullooly, Ciaran (5 July 2018). "Penrose says he will not contest next general election". RTÉ News. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ "Adams says he will step down as Sinn Féin President". RTÉ News. 18 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ "Fine Gael in Castlebar begin search for new candidate after Enda Kenny announcement". The Connacht Telegraph. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ "Sligo Leitrim Fine Gael TD wont contest next general election". Shannon Side. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "FG's John Deasy will not seek re-election due to health concerns". The Irish Times. 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ "John Halligan retires after 30 years in politics". The Irish Times. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ^ "Election 2020: Saturday voting not a solution for low voter turnout". The Irish Times. 20 January 2020.
The cases of Ireland's very limited experience with Saturday voting to date, which includes the second Nice Referendum in 2002, the Children's Referendum in 2012 and a Tipperary South by-election in 2001, did not enhance voter turnout.
- ^ "Taoiseach explains thinking behind Saturday election". BreakingNews.ie. 14 January 2020.
- ^ McConnell, Daniel (23 January 2020). "Record number of women for 2020 election". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ McAllister, Edel (23 January 2020). "Slight increase in women candidates for General Election". RTÉ. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ Kilraine, John (23 January 2020). "'Very high' last minute voter registration in Dublin city". RTÉ. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ "Notice of counctermand". Tipperary Returning Officer.; Murphy, David (3 February 2020). "Tipperary vote postponed after death of candidate". Retrieved 4 February 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link); Burne, Louise (4 February 2020). "Voting in Tipperary to be held February 28 or 29 'at the earliest' following candidate's death". Extra.ie. Retrieved 4 February 2020.{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Electoral staff told Tipperary vote will go ahead on Saturday". RTÉ News. 5 February 2020.
- ^ "Special Difficulty Order — Dáil Election in the Tipperary Constituency to be held on 8 February 2020". Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.; "Electoral Act 1992 (Special Difficulty) Order 2020". Irish Statute Book. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ McConnell, Daniel (5 February 2020). "Marese Skehan's name to remain on ballot with Tipp vote set to go ahead on Saturday". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 13 February 2020.; "Tipperary". General Election 2020 Live Results. RTÉ News. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Ireland's General Election 2020: who would you vote for?". Irish Central. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ a b "It's game on as campaigning begins in Election 2020". RTÉ News. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
- ^ "Planet Before Profit" (PDF). pbp.ie. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ "What we stand for". www.solidarity.ie. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ^ "What we stand for". www.letusrise.ie. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ^ @greenparty_ie (16 January 2020). "#WantGreenVoteGreen" (Tweet) – via Twitter. {{Cite tweet}}: |date= / |number= mismatch (help)
- ^ "Aontú's mantra is change but their policies seem like more of the same". independent.ie. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ "Varadkar Opens Door To Grand Coalition". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ "McDonald to face-off with Varadkar and Martin in RTE leaders' debate next Monday". Extra.ie. 22 January 2020.
- ^ "Cork TD to take part in TV party leaders debate". eveningecho.ie. 28 January 2020.
- ^ "Díospóireacht na bPáirtithe ar TG4" (in Irish). RTÉ. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ Aontú [@AontuIE] (7 February 2020). "Ireland is suffering under Fine Gael-Fianna Fáil" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Personal drug use and a potential grand coalition: The key moments from the first head-to-head TV debate". The Journal. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ "'There's a fair few nutters in every party': The key moments from the RTÉ leaders' TV debate". The Journal. 27 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
- ^ "As it happened: Claire Byrne Live leaders' debate". RTE.ie. 27 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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