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The letter '''Ƣ''' (minuscule: '''ƣ''') has been used in the [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] [[orthography|orthographies]] of various, mostly [[Turkic language]]s, such as [[Azeri alphabet|Azeri]] or the [[Yañalif|Jaꞑalif]] orthography for [[Tatar alphabet|Tatar]].<ref>[http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso10646/pdf/gha.pdf Some examples of LATIN LETTER OI (gha) (U+01A2, U+01A3) in Tatar and Uighur printing, with remarks on the recommended glyphs.]</ref> It usually represents a [[voiced velar fricative]] {{IPAblink|ɣ}} but is sometimes used for a [[voiced uvular fricative]] {{IPAblink|ʁ}}. All orthographies using it have been phased out, so the letter is not well-supported in [[fonts]]. It can still be seen in pre-1983 books published by the [[People’s Republic of China]].
The letter '''Ƣ''' (minuscule: '''ƣ''') has been used in the [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] [[orthography|orthographies]] of various, mostly [[Turkic language]]s, such as [[Azeri alphabet|Azeri]] or the [[Yañalif|Jaꞑalif]] orthography for [[Tatar alphabet|Tatar]].<ref>[http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso10646/pdf/gha.pdf Some examples of LATIN LETTER OI (gha) (U+01A2, U+01A3) in Tatar and Uighur printing, with remarks on the recommended glyphs.]</ref> It is also included in [[Pinyin]] for [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] and [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]]. It usually represents a [[voiced velar fricative]] {{IPAblink|ɣ}} but is sometimes used for a [[voiced uvular fricative]] {{IPAblink|ʁ}}. All orthographies using it have been phased out, so the letter is not well-supported in [[fonts]]. It can still be seen in pre-1983 books published by the [[People’s Republic of China]].
[[File:Sütterlin-Q.png|thumb|left|upright=0.68|Letters Q and q of [[Sütterlin script]]]]
[[File:Sütterlin-Q.png|thumb|left|upright=0.68|Letters Q and q of [[Sütterlin script]]]]
Historically, it is derived from a handwritten form of the small Latin letter '''[[q]]''', around 1900. The [[letter case|majuscule]] is then based on the minuscule. Its use for {{IPAblink|ɣ}} stems from the linguistic tradition of representing such sounds (and similar ones) by ''q'' in Turkic languages and in transcriptions of [[Arabic language|Arabic]] or [[Persian language|Persian]] (compare [[ك|kaf]] and [[ق|qaf]]).<ref name="Unicode-list">[http://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2008-m09/0068.html Unicode mailing list]</ref>
Historically, it is derived from a handwritten form of the small Latin letter '''[[q]]''', around 1900. The [[letter case|majuscule]] is then based on the minuscule. Its use for {{IPAblink|ɣ}} stems from the linguistic tradition of representing such sounds (and similar ones) by ''q'' in Turkic languages and in transcriptions of [[Arabic language|Arabic]] or [[Persian language|Persian]] (compare [[ك|kaf]] and [[ق|qaf]]).<ref name="Unicode-list">[http://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2008-m09/0068.html Unicode mailing list]</ref>

Revision as of 13:36, 17 February 2020

For other uses, see GHA (disambiguation).
Gha
Ƣ ƣ
ğ, ꝙ
Usage
Writing systemLatin script
TypeAlphabetic
Language of originAzerbaijani language
Sound values[ɣ]
[ʁ]
[o͡i]
In UnicodeU+01A2, U+01A3
Alphabetical position8 (after G)
History
Development
Time period~1900 to 1983
Descendants • (None)
SistersQ
Φ φ
Փ փ
Ֆ ֆ
Transliterationsğ, q, g, gh, Ғ
Variationsğ, ꝙ
Other
Writing directionLeft-to-Right
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

The letter Ƣ (minuscule: ƣ) has been used in the Latin orthographies of various, mostly Turkic languages, such as Azeri or the Jaꞑalif orthography for Tatar.[1] It is also included in Pinyin for Kazakh and Uyghur. It usually represents a voiced velar fricative [ɣ] but is sometimes used for a voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]. All orthographies using it have been phased out, so the letter is not well-supported in fonts. It can still be seen in pre-1983 books published by the People’s Republic of China.

Letters Q and q of Sütterlin script

Historically, it is derived from a handwritten form of the small Latin letter q, around 1900. The majuscule is then based on the minuscule. Its use for [ɣ] stems from the linguistic tradition of representing such sounds (and similar ones) by q in Turkic languages and in transcriptions of Arabic or Persian (compare kaf and qaf).[2]

In alphabetical order, it comes between G and H.

Modern replacements

Unicode

In Unicode, the majuscule Ƣ is encoded in the Latin Extended-B block at U+01A2 and the minuscule ƣ is encoded at U+01A3.[3] The assigned names, "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OI" and "LATIN SMALL LETTER OI" respectively, are acknowledged by the Unicode Consortium to be mistakes, as gha is unrelated to the letters O and I.[4] The Unicode Consortium therefore has provided the character name aliases "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GHA" and "LATIN SMALL LETTER GHA".[3]

Thomas Pynchon's novel Gravity's Rainbow features an episode purporting to be the story of a Soviet officer, Tchitcherine, dispatched to Kirghizstan to serve on a committee tasked with devising an alphabet for the Kirghiz language. Tchitcherine's particular contribution is the invention of the letter Ƣ, which is thus perhaps the only obsolete letter of a Central Asian language that may be familiar to the non-specialist, English-reading public through a widely circulated novel.

References

  1. ^ Some examples of LATIN LETTER OI (gha) (U+01A2, U+01A3) in Tatar and Uighur printing, with remarks on the recommended glyphs.
  2. ^ Unicode mailing list
  3. ^ a b Unicode chart
  4. ^ Unicode Technical Note #27: Known Anomalies in Unicode Character Names
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