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The '''East-West Highway''', also known as the '''Lateral Road''', is the [[Bhutan]] primary east-west corridor, connecting [[Phuentsholing]] in the southwest to [[Trashigang]] in the east. In between, the Lateral Road runs directly through [[Wangdue Phodrang]], [[Trongsa]], and other population centers. The Lateral Road also has spurs connecting to the capital [[Thimphu]] and other major population centers such as [[Paro, Bhutan|Paro]] and [[Punakha]]. |
The '''East-West Highway''', also known as the '''Lateral Road''', is the [[Bhutan]] primary east-west corridor, connecting [[Phuentsholing]] in the southwest to [[Trashigang]] in the east. In between, the Lateral Road runs directly through [[Wangdue Phodrang]], [[Trongsa]], and other population centers. The Lateral Road also has spurs connecting to the capital [[Thimphu]] and other major population centers such as [[Paro, Bhutan|Paro]] and [[Punakha]]. |
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The Lateral Road traverses are a number of high passes, including [[Tremo La]] and [[Do Chu La]]. The highest pass on the road is at [[Chapcha Gewog|Chapcha]];<ref name=BO1>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhutanobserver.bt/lo-and-behold-snow-and-cold/ |first=Sonam |last=Pelden |title=Lo and Behold Snow and Cold |publisher=[[Bhutan Observer]] online |date=2008-01-25 |accessdate=2011-08-27}}</ref> the second-highest pass is at [[Trumshing La]] in central Bhutan at an altitude of over {{convert|3800|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XWblUfYqGK4C&dq |title=International Encyclopaedia Of Himalayas (5 Vols.) |first=Ramesh Chandra |last=Bisht |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=81-8324-265-0 |page=49 |chapter=Geographic Features |accessdate=2011-08-30}}</ref> |
The Lateral Road traverses are a number of high passes, including [[Tremo La]] and [[Do Chu La]]. The highest pass on the road is at [[Chapcha Gewog|Chapcha]];<ref name=BO1>{{cite web |url=http://www.bhutanobserver.bt/lo-and-behold-snow-and-cold/ |first=Sonam |last=Pelden |title=Lo and Behold Snow and Cold |publisher=[[Bhutan Observer]] online |date=2008-01-25 |accessdate=2011-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023190809/http://www.bhutanobserver.bt/lo-and-behold-snow-and-cold/ |archive-date=2011-10-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the second-highest pass is at [[Trumshing La]] in central Bhutan at an altitude of over {{convert|3800|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XWblUfYqGK4C&dq |title=International Encyclopaedia Of Himalayas (5 Vols.) |first=Ramesh Chandra |last=Bisht |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=81-8324-265-0 |page=49 |chapter=Geographic Features |accessdate=2011-08-30}}</ref> |
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==The Lateral Road and society== |
==The Lateral Road and society== |
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==Road safety== |
==Road safety== |
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[[File:Bhutan road construction 1.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Road construction in Bhutan]] |
[[File:Bhutan road construction 1.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Road construction in Bhutan]] |
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Because much of the geology is unstable, there are frequent slips and [[landslide]]s, which are aggravated by both summer [[monsoon]] and winter snowstorm and [[frost heave]] conditions.<ref>{{cite book|title=Beyond the Sky and the Earth: A Journey Into Bhutan |first=Jamie |last=Zeppa |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin]] |year=2000 |isbn=1-57322-815-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=383rWqWgga8C}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=4775 |title=Icy Roads Claim Lives |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2004-12-04 |accessdate=2011-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=16502 |title=Landslide at Dzong Viewpoint |first=Samten |last=Yeshi |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2010-08-24 |accessdate=2011-07-25}}</ref> Teams of Indian labourers are housed at work camps in the mountain passes to be dispatched to clear the roads in the event of road blockage. The conditions in the work camps are poor, with the workers reduced to breaking rock into gravel on a piece-rate basis when not clearing the roads. An international aid project is under way to stabilise the worst sections of the road. A major [[Japan]]ese aid project seeks to replace most of the narrow single track bridges with two-way girder spans capable of carrying heavier traffic. There are no stoplights.<ref name=CS/> |
Because much of the geology is unstable, there are frequent slips and [[landslide]]s, which are aggravated by both summer [[monsoon]] and winter snowstorm and [[frost heave]] conditions.<ref>{{cite book|title=Beyond the Sky and the Earth: A Journey Into Bhutan |first=Jamie |last=Zeppa |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin]] |year=2000 |isbn=1-57322-815-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=383rWqWgga8C}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=4775 |title=Icy Roads Claim Lives |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2004-12-04 |accessdate=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319025945/http://www.kuenselonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=4775 |archive-date=2012-03-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=16502 |title=Landslide at Dzong Viewpoint |first=Samten |last=Yeshi |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2010-08-24 |accessdate=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319025950/http://www.kuenselonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=16502 |archive-date=2012-03-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Teams of Indian labourers are housed at work camps in the mountain passes to be dispatched to clear the roads in the event of road blockage. The conditions in the work camps are poor, with the workers reduced to breaking rock into gravel on a piece-rate basis when not clearing the roads. An international aid project is under way to stabilise the worst sections of the road. A major [[Japan]]ese aid project seeks to replace most of the narrow single track bridges with two-way girder spans capable of carrying heavier traffic. There are no stoplights.<ref name=CS/> |
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Mountain passes are often closed during winter due to heavy snowfall, shutting off land communication along the Lateral Road.<ref name=AP1>{{cite web|url=http://www.asia-planet.net/bhutan/eastern.htm |title=Eastern of Bhutan |publisher=Asia-Planet.net |date=2010-06-21 |accessdate=2011-08-24}}</ref> During road closures, commercial and public vehicles are prohibited from attempting passes such as [[Thrumshing La]], however private vehicles may proceed at their own risk. Blockages at high altitudes must be cleared by both heavy equipment and manual labour.<ref name=Kuensel1>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/2010/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=18111 |title=Passes Snowed Under |first=Samten |last=Yeshi |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2011-01-18 |accessdate=2011-08-27}}</ref> At times, clearing crews have considerable difficulty even reaching the pass.<ref name="BO1"/><ref name=Kuensel2>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/2010/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=18435 |title=Passes Snowed Under |first=Chimi |last=Om |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2011-02-17 |accessdate=2011-08-27}}</ref> |
Mountain passes are often closed during winter due to heavy snowfall, shutting off land communication along the Lateral Road.<ref name=AP1>{{cite web |url=http://www.asia-planet.net/bhutan/eastern.htm |title=Eastern of Bhutan |publisher=Asia-Planet.net |date=2010-06-21 |accessdate=2011-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723022238/http://www.asia-planet.net/bhutan/eastern.htm |archive-date=2011-07-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During road closures, commercial and public vehicles are prohibited from attempting passes such as [[Thrumshing La]], however private vehicles may proceed at their own risk. Blockages at high altitudes must be cleared by both heavy equipment and manual labour.<ref name=Kuensel1>{{cite web |url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/2010/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=18111 |title=Passes Snowed Under |first=Samten |last=Yeshi |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2011-01-18 |accessdate=2011-08-27 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> At times, clearing crews have considerable difficulty even reaching the pass.<ref name="BO1"/><ref name=Kuensel2>{{cite web |url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/2010/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=18435 |title=Passes Snowed Under |first=Chimi |last=Om |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2011-02-17 |accessdate=2011-08-27 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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Along the Lateral Road, there are many sheer drops of thousands of feet at the roadside, notably around [[Thrumshing La]].<ref name=AP1/> Because of the many hazards and frequently dangerous conditions, the [[Government of Bhutan]] has approved and begun constructing a bypass to the Lateral Road around Thrumshing La as part of its [[Five-Year Plans of Bhutan|Tenth Five Year Plan]]. The bypass will cut travel time, distance, and danger by avoiding Thrumshing La. The new route is expected to shorten travel time between Shingkhar village ([[Ura Gewog]], [[Bumthang District|Bumthang]]) and Gorgan ([[Menbi Gewog]], [[Lhuntse District|Lhuntse]]) by 100 km and 3 hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/2010/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=18626 |title=Realignment to Start in 10th Plan |first=Tshering |last=Palden |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2011-03-07 |accessdate=2011-08-26}}</ref> The new road construction met with fierce opposition by environmentalists; the government has chosen to proceed with construction nonetheless.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/2010/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=20558 |title=Government to Go Ahead |first=Tshering |last=Palden |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2011-08-25 |accessdate=2011-08-26}}</ref> |
Along the Lateral Road, there are many sheer drops of thousands of feet at the roadside, notably around [[Thrumshing La]].<ref name=AP1/> Because of the many hazards and frequently dangerous conditions, the [[Government of Bhutan]] has approved and begun constructing a bypass to the Lateral Road around Thrumshing La as part of its [[Five-Year Plans of Bhutan|Tenth Five Year Plan]]. The bypass will cut travel time, distance, and danger by avoiding Thrumshing La. The new route is expected to shorten travel time between Shingkhar village ([[Ura Gewog]], [[Bumthang District|Bumthang]]) and Gorgan ([[Menbi Gewog]], [[Lhuntse District|Lhuntse]]) by 100 km and 3 hours.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/2010/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=18626 |title=Realignment to Start in 10th Plan |first=Tshering |last=Palden |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2011-03-07 |accessdate=2011-08-26 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The new road construction met with fierce opposition by environmentalists; the government has chosen to proceed with construction nonetheless.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/2010/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=20558 |title=Government to Go Ahead |first=Tshering |last=Palden |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online |date=2011-08-25 |accessdate=2011-08-26 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.bootan.com/bhutan/maps/btroads.shtml |title=Bhutan Road Map |publisher=Bootan.com |date=2008-09-02 |accessdate=2011-07-25}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.bootan.com/bhutan/maps/btroads.shtml |title=Bhutan Road Map |publisher=Bootan.com |date=2008-09-02 |accessdate=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928005814/http://www.bootan.com/bhutan/maps/btroads.shtml |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead }} |
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[[Category:Transport in Bhutan]] |
[[Category:Transport in Bhutan]] |
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Revision as of 17:42, 23 February 2020
| East-West Highway Lateral Road | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 557 km[1] (346 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| Southwest end | Phuentsholing |
| East end | Trashigang |
The East-West Highway, also known as the Lateral Road, is the Bhutan primary east-west corridor, connecting Phuentsholing in the southwest to Trashigang in the east. In between, the Lateral Road runs directly through Wangdue Phodrang, Trongsa, and other population centers. The Lateral Road also has spurs connecting to the capital Thimphu and other major population centers such as Paro and Punakha.
The Lateral Road traverses are a number of high passes, including Tremo La and Do Chu La. The highest pass on the road is at Chapcha;[2] the second-highest pass is at Trumshing La in central Bhutan at an altitude of over 3,800 m (12,500 ft).[3]
The Lateral Road and society
The works that formed the Lateral Road, among other development projects, were fruits of mostly Indian and Nepali laborers. Their contributions were necessary to bolster Bhutanese national security and to connect populations.[4] As the Lateral Road has led to increased infrastructure development, it has added to a sense of national unity, connecting various pockets of ethnic groups.[5]
Most freight in Bhutan is moved along the highway on eight-ton 300 hp (224 kW) Tata trucks, which are often overloaded and which stress road conditions. There is a network of passenger buses, and the most common vehicle in government and private use is the four-wheel-drive pickup.[4]
Road safety
Because much of the geology is unstable, there are frequent slips and landslides, which are aggravated by both summer monsoon and winter snowstorm and frost heave conditions.[6][7][8] Teams of Indian labourers are housed at work camps in the mountain passes to be dispatched to clear the roads in the event of road blockage. The conditions in the work camps are poor, with the workers reduced to breaking rock into gravel on a piece-rate basis when not clearing the roads. An international aid project is under way to stabilise the worst sections of the road. A major Japanese aid project seeks to replace most of the narrow single track bridges with two-way girder spans capable of carrying heavier traffic. There are no stoplights.[4]
Mountain passes are often closed during winter due to heavy snowfall, shutting off land communication along the Lateral Road.[9] During road closures, commercial and public vehicles are prohibited from attempting passes such as Thrumshing La, however private vehicles may proceed at their own risk. Blockages at high altitudes must be cleared by both heavy equipment and manual labour.[10] At times, clearing crews have considerable difficulty even reaching the pass.[2][11]
Along the Lateral Road, there are many sheer drops of thousands of feet at the roadside, notably around Thrumshing La.[9] Because of the many hazards and frequently dangerous conditions, the Government of Bhutan has approved and begun constructing a bypass to the Lateral Road around Thrumshing La as part of its Tenth Five Year Plan. The bypass will cut travel time, distance, and danger by avoiding Thrumshing La. The new route is expected to shorten travel time between Shingkhar village (Ura Gewog, Bumthang) and Gorgan (Menbi Gewog, Lhuntse) by 100 km and 3 hours.[12] The new road construction met with fierce opposition by environmentalists; the government has chosen to proceed with construction nonetheless.[13]
See also
References
- ^ "Directions from Phuentsholing to Trashigang". Google maps. Google. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
- ^ a b Pelden, Sonam (2008-01-25). "Lo and Behold Snow and Cold". Bhutan Observer online. Archived from the original on 2011-10-23. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
- ^ Bisht, Ramesh Chandra. "Geographic Features". International Encyclopaedia Of Himalayas (5 Vols.). Mittal Publications. p. 49. ISBN 81-8324-265-0. Retrieved 2011-08-30.
- ^ a b c
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Worden, Robert L. (1991). Savada, Andrea Matles (ed.). Bhutan: A Country Study. Federal Research Division. Transportation and Communications.
- ^ Tashi, Tshering (2011-06-11). "Drup – The Idea of Nationhood". Bhutan Observer online. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
- ^ Zeppa, Jamie (2000). Beyond the Sky and the Earth: A Journey Into Bhutan. Penguin. ISBN 1-57322-815-X.
- ^ "Icy Roads Claim Lives". Kuensel online. 2004-12-04. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
- ^ Yeshi, Samten (2010-08-24). "Landslide at Dzong Viewpoint". Kuensel online. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
- ^ a b "Eastern of Bhutan". Asia-Planet.net. 2010-06-21. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ^ Yeshi, Samten (2011-01-18). "Passes Snowed Under". Kuensel online. Retrieved 2011-08-27.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Om, Chimi (2011-02-17). "Passes Snowed Under". Kuensel online. Retrieved 2011-08-27.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Palden, Tshering (2011-03-07). "Realignment to Start in 10th Plan". Kuensel online. Retrieved 2011-08-26.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Palden, Tshering (2011-08-25). "Government to Go Ahead". Kuensel online. Retrieved 2011-08-26.[permanent dead link]
External links
- "Bhutan Road Map". Bootan.com. 2008-09-02. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-07-25.