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[[File:Cul trad 2 30 04 10.jpg|thumb|5-6th century Khmer depiction of deity wearing ''sampot chang kben'' from [[Angkor Borei and Phnom Da|Phnom Da temple, Angkor Borei]], [[Takeo]], Cambodia. Now exhibits in [[National Museum of Cambodia|Phnom Penh National Museum]].]]
[[File:Cul trad 2 30 04 10.jpg|thumb|5-6th century Khmer depiction of a deity wearing ''sampot chang kben'' from [[Angkor Borei and Phnom Da|Phnom Da temple, Angkor Borei]], [[Takeo]], Cambodia. Now exhibits in [[National Museum of Cambodia|Phnom Penh National Museum]].]]
The history of sampot chang kben dates back to ancient [[Cambodia]], where deities were often portrayed wearing such styles. References to most Khmer elders told a legend related to this garment. It said that a long time ago, the [[Khmer people]] worn sampot chang kben, following the [[India]]n tradition. In those times, India provided many religions, but the most important one was [[Hinduism]], as the Khmer king at that time built the temples such as [[Angkor Wat]], also dedicated to [[Hinduism]]. In the era of the [[Khmer empire]], most of the people were likely to read and see The [[Reamker]] at the [[Angkor Wat]] carving in the first floor as well. The origin of sampot chang kben is known as Indian. Also prayed and blessed to was a deva known as [[Hanuman]], the guard of Prince [[Rama]] in India's famous mythology, ''[[Ramayana]]'', as well as the Khmer adaptation, ''Reamker''. To show its power, Indians preferred to wear the sampot chang kben as their costume but today, countries under the [[Greater India]], such as Cambodia, also wear it for special occasions.<ref>*[http://sereysotheara.wordpress.com/2009/08/08/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93-%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6/ Sereysothera] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103020917/http://sereysotheara.wordpress.com/2009/08/08/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93-%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6/ |date=November 3, 2010 }}</ref>
The history of sampot chang kben dates back to ancient [[Cambodia]], where deities were often portrayed wearing such styles. References to most Khmer elders told a legend related to this garment. It said that a long time ago, the [[Khmer people]] worn sampot chang kben, following the [[India]]n tradition. In those times, India provided many religions, but the most important one was [[Hinduism]], as the Khmer king at that time built the temples such as [[Angkor Wat]], also dedicated to [[Hinduism]]. In the era of the [[Khmer empire]], most of the people were likely to read and see The [[Reamker]] at the [[Angkor Wat]] carving in the first floor as well. The origin of sampot chang kben is known as Indian. Also prayed and blessed to was a deva known as [[Hanuman]], the guard of Prince [[Rama]] in India's famous mythology, ''[[Ramayana]]'', as well as the Khmer adaptation, ''Reamker''. To show its power, Indians preferred to wear the sampot chang kben as their costume but today, countries under the [[Greater India]], such as Cambodia, also wear it for special occasions.<ref>*[http://sereysotheara.wordpress.com/2009/08/08/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93-%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6/ Sereysothera] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103020917/http://sereysotheara.wordpress.com/2009/08/08/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93-%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6/ |date=November 3, 2010 }}</ref>


Revision as of 05:00, 9 March 2020

Chang kben, Bunka Gakuen Costume Museum.
Sampot chang kben, Centre national de la soie des Artisans d'Angkor

Chang Kben (Template:Lang-km sampot chang kben; Template:Lang-th, RTGS: chong kraben, pronounced [t͡ɕōːŋ krābēːn]; Template:Lang-lo, pha hang) is a unisex, lower body, wraparound cloth worn in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. It was the preferred choice of clothing for women of upper and middle classes for daily wear. Unlike the typical sampot, it is more of a pant than a skirt. The chong kraben is described by art historian Eksuda Singhalampong as "...a garment that resembles loose breeches. The wearer wraps a rectangular piece of cloth around his [or her] waist, the edge of cloth is then passed between the legs and tucked in at the wearer's lower back. Many 19th-century European accounts often called them knee breeches, riding breeches or knickerbockers."[1]: Note 10 

A Khmer traditional dancer in sampot chang kben

History

File:Cul trad 2 30 04 10.jpg
5-6th century Khmer depiction of a deity wearing sampot chang kben from Phnom Da temple, Angkor Borei, Takeo, Cambodia. Now exhibits in Phnom Penh National Museum.

The history of sampot chang kben dates back to ancient Cambodia, where deities were often portrayed wearing such styles. References to most Khmer elders told a legend related to this garment. It said that a long time ago, the Khmer people worn sampot chang kben, following the Indian tradition. In those times, India provided many religions, but the most important one was Hinduism, as the Khmer king at that time built the temples such as Angkor Wat, also dedicated to Hinduism. In the era of the Khmer empire, most of the people were likely to read and see The Reamker at the Angkor Wat carving in the first floor as well. The origin of sampot chang kben is known as Indian. Also prayed and blessed to was a deva known as Hanuman, the guard of Prince Rama in India's famous mythology, Ramayana, as well as the Khmer adaptation, Reamker. To show its power, Indians preferred to wear the sampot chang kben as their costume but today, countries under the Greater India, such as Cambodia, also wear it for special occasions.[2]

In Ramayana mythology, Hanuman is a symbol of bravery, cleverness, and power, so the people, when wearing the sampot chang kben, always drop a tail at the back like Hanuman's monkey tail. This practice lead a lot of people to believe that all Indians were guards of Hanuman. The influence of sampot chang kben, known as Dhoti in India, were strongly incorporated into Khmer culture from the ancient times to today. Apparently, this fabric is also known to be worn by Tamil people in south India, as well as Khmer people, till today.[3][4]

Khmer woman wearing sampot chang kben

In fact, sampot chang kben is the tradition of southern India, and was imported to early Cambodian Kingdom, Funan by King Kaundinya I.[5]

In the middle of the 13th and 14th centuries, Thai people (from Sukhothai Kingdom, known as Thailand today) and Lao people (from Lan Xang, known as Lao today) had adopted the wearing of sampot chang kben because they considered it superior for enjoying the special occasions,[citation needed] and useful for royalty or monarchy in their local royal palace, because the Thai people and Lao people had used sampot chang kben in a similar way.[6][4]

Khmer ladies wearing sampot chang kben, 1800s.

In ancient times, the sampot chang kben was worn only by men, but in modern times, it is worn by both men and women, especially for a formal celebration. It is, for instance, worn by a bride and groom in a Khmer wedding. The general style of the garment has changed over the years:

  • King Norodom (1834–1904), During this time, most people wearing the sampot chang kben kept the length down to the middle of the waist.[7]
  • King Sisowath (born 1840, died 1927), During this time, the sampot chang kben was worn higher up, just under the knee, like the model of Thai people. In Cambodia before, only men worn the garment, but in Thailand it was worn by both genders. When people from Cambodia saw Thai ladies wearing the sampot chang kben, they began to adopt this practice.

See also

References

  1. ^ Singhalampong, Eksuda (March 2019). "Picturing Femininity: Portraits of the Early Modern Siamese Women". Southeast of Now: Directions in Contemporary and Modern Art in Asia. 3 (1): 49–75. doi:10.1353/sen.2019.0003. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  2. ^ *Sereysothera Archived November 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2009-09-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ a b Nadeem, Zuha (2019-10-01). "Traditional Thai Clothing-16 Beautiful Outfits From Thailand". Outfit Trends - Ideas How to Wear & What to Wear. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  5. ^ "Sampot Chang Kben". Archived from the original on 2012-02-26. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
  6. ^ http://neary-khmer.blogspot.com/2009/07/cen-tamil.html
  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-05-12. Retrieved 2020-02-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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