Artificial intelligence in industry: Difference between revisions
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Automation is one of the major aspects in process applications of industrial AI.<ref name=":5" /> With the help of AI, the scope and pace of automation have been fundamentally changed.<ref>{{cite journal|last2=Chui|first2=Michael|last3=Miremadi|first3=Mehdi|last4=Bughin|first4=Jacques|last5=George|first5=Katy|last6=Willmott|first6=Paul|last7=Dewhurst|first7=Martin|date=2017|title=A Future that Works: Automation, Employment, and Productivity|url=http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Global%20Themes/Digital%20Disruption/Harnessing%20automation%20for%20a%20future%20that%20works/MGI-A-future-that-works-Executive-summary.ashx|journal=|volume=|pages=|last1=Manyika|first1=James|accessdate=9 May 2017}}</ref> AI technologies boost the performance and expand the capability of conventional AI applications. An example is the [[collaborative robots]]. Collaborative robotic arms are able to learn the motion and path demonstrated by human operators and perform the same task.<ref>{{cite web|title=What Does Collaborative Robot Mean ?|url=http://blog.robotiq.com/what-does-collaborative-robot-mean|accessdate=9 May 2017}}</ref> AI also automates the process that used to require human participation. An example is the Hong Kong subway, where an AI program decides the distribution and job scheduling of engineers with more efficiency and reliability than human counterparts do. |
Automation is one of the major aspects in process applications of industrial AI.<ref name=":5" /> With the help of AI, the scope and pace of automation have been fundamentally changed.<ref>{{cite journal|last2=Chui|first2=Michael|last3=Miremadi|first3=Mehdi|last4=Bughin|first4=Jacques|last5=George|first5=Katy|last6=Willmott|first6=Paul|last7=Dewhurst|first7=Martin|date=2017|title=A Future that Works: Automation, Employment, and Productivity|url=http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Global%20Themes/Digital%20Disruption/Harnessing%20automation%20for%20a%20future%20that%20works/MGI-A-future-that-works-Executive-summary.ashx|journal=|volume=|pages=|last1=Manyika|first1=James|accessdate=9 May 2017}}</ref> AI technologies boost the performance and expand the capability of conventional AI applications. An example is the [[collaborative robots]]. Collaborative robotic arms are able to learn the motion and path demonstrated by human operators and perform the same task.<ref>{{cite web|title=What Does Collaborative Robot Mean ?|url=http://blog.robotiq.com/what-does-collaborative-robot-mean|accessdate=9 May 2017}}</ref> AI also automates the process that used to require human participation. An example is the Hong Kong subway, where an AI program decides the distribution and job scheduling of engineers with more efficiency and reliability than human counterparts do. |
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Another aspect of process applications is the modeling large-scale systems.<ref name=":5" /> [[Cyber manufacturing|Cybermanufacturing]] systems are defined as a manufacturing service system that is networked and resilient to faults by evidence-based modeling and data-driven [[deep learning]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Such a system deals with large and usually geographically distributed assets, which is hard to be modeled via conventional individual-asset physics-based model.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jin|first1=Chao|last2=Djurdjanovic|first2=Dragan|last3=Ardakani Davari|first3=Hossein|last4=Wang|first4=Keren|last5=Buzza|first5=Mathew|last6=Begheri|first6=Behrad|last7=Brown|first7=Patrick|last8=Lee|first8=Jay|title=A comprehensive framework of factory-to-factory dynamic fleet-level prognostics and operation management for geographically distributed assets|journal=2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering |
Another aspect of process applications is the modeling large-scale systems.<ref name=":5" /> [[Cyber manufacturing|Cybermanufacturing]] systems are defined as a manufacturing service system that is networked and resilient to faults by evidence-based modeling and data-driven [[deep learning]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Such a system deals with large and usually geographically distributed assets, which is hard to be modeled via conventional individual-asset physics-based model.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jin|first1=Chao|last2=Djurdjanovic|first2=Dragan|last3=Ardakani Davari|first3=Hossein|last4=Wang|first4=Keren|last5=Buzza|first5=Mathew|last6=Begheri|first6=Behrad|last7=Brown|first7=Patrick|last8=Lee|first8=Jay|title=A comprehensive framework of factory-to-factory dynamic fleet-level prognostics and operation management for geographically distributed assets|journal=2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering With machine learning and optimization algorithms, a bottom-up framework considering machine health can leverage large samples of assets and automate the operation management, spare part inventory planning, and maintenance scheduling process. |
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=== Insight applications for knowledge discovery === |
=== Insight applications for knowledge discovery === |
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Revision as of 01:12, 13 March 2020
Industrial artificial intelligence, or industrial AI, usually refers to the application of artificial intelligence to industry.[1] Unlike general artificial intelligence which is a frontier research discipline to build computerized systems that perform tasks requiring human intelligence, industrial AI is more concerned with the application of such technologies to address industrial pain-points for customer value creation, productivity improvement, and insight discovery.[2] Although in a dystopian vision of AI applications, intelligent machines may take away jobs of humans and cause social and ethical issues, industry in general holds a more positive view of AI and sees this transformation of economy unstoppable and expects huge business opportunities in this process.[3]
The concept of artificial intelligence was initially proposed in the 1940s,[3] and the idea of improving productivity and gaining insights through smart analytics and modelling is not new. Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge-Based systems have been an active research branch of artificial intelligence for the entire product life cycle for product design, production planning, distribution, and field services.[4] E-manufacturing systems[5][6] and e-factories[7] did not use the term “AI,” but they scale up modeling of engineering systems to enable complete integration of elements in the manufacturing eco-system for smart operation management. Cloud Foundry service platforms widely embed the artificial intelligent technologies.[8][9] Cybermanufacturing systems also apply predictive analytics and cyber-physical modeling to address the gap between production and machine health for optimized productivity.[10][11]
Recently, to accelerate leadership in AI initiative, the US government launched an official website AI.gov to highlight its priorities in the AI space.[12] There are several reasons for the recent popularity of industrial AI: More affordable sensors and the automated process of data acquisition; More powerful computation capability of computers to perform more complex tasks at a faster speed with lower cost; Faster connectivity infrastructure and more accessible cloud services for data management and computing power outsourcing.[13] However, the technology alone never creates any business value if the problems in industry are not well studied. The major categories which industrial AI may contribute to include; product and service innovation, process improvement, and insight discovery.[13]
Categories
Product applications for user value creation
Industrial AI can be embedded to existing products or services to make them more effective, reliable, safer, and to enhance their longevity.[13] The automotive industry, for example, uses computer vision to avoid accidents and enable vehicles to stay in lane, facilitating safer driving. In manufacturing, one example is the prediction of blade life for self-aware band saw machines, so that users will be able to rely on evidence of degradation rather than experience, which is safer, will extend blade life, and build up blade usage profile to help blade selection.[14][15]
Industrial AI can create new products and novel business models.[13] Predix by General Electric is a Cloud Foundry that serves as an industrial operating system for narrow AI application development.[8] InsightCM™[16] by National Instruments and Watchdog Agent® Toolbox[17] on the LabVIEW platform also provide software analytical capabilities. The aforementioned band saw machine manufacturer also announced their service center system to help users improve equipment reliability and sawing efficiency as a novel business model.[18]
Process applications for productivity improvement
Automation is one of the major aspects in process applications of industrial AI.[13] With the help of AI, the scope and pace of automation have been fundamentally changed.[19] AI technologies boost the performance and expand the capability of conventional AI applications. An example is the collaborative robots. Collaborative robotic arms are able to learn the motion and path demonstrated by human operators and perform the same task.[20] AI also automates the process that used to require human participation. An example is the Hong Kong subway, where an AI program decides the distribution and job scheduling of engineers with more efficiency and reliability than human counterparts do.
Another aspect of process applications is the modeling large-scale systems.[13] Cybermanufacturing systems are defined as a manufacturing service system that is networked and resilient to faults by evidence-based modeling and data-driven deep learning.[10][11] Such a system deals with large and usually geographically distributed assets, which is hard to be modeled via conventional individual-asset physics-based model.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
Predictive and preventive maintenance through data-driven machine learning is also critical in cost reduction for industrial applications. Prognostics and health management (PHM) programs capture the opportunities at the shop floor by modeling equipment health degradation. The obtained information can be used for efficiency improvement and quality improvement.[21] Please see intelligent maintenance system for more reference.
Challenges
The challenges of industrial AI to unlock the value lies in the transformation of raw data to intelligent predictions for rapid decision-making. In general, there are four major challenges in realizing industrial AI.[1]
Data
Engineering systems now generate a lot of data and modern industry is indeed a big data environment. However, industrial data usually is structured, but may be low-quality. The “3B” issues of industrial big data is:[22]
- Bad
The quality of the data may be poor, and unlike other consumer-faced applications, data from industrial systems usually have clear physical meanings, which makes it harder to compensate the quality with volume.
- Broken
Data collected for training machine learning models usually is lacking a comprehensive set of working conditions and health states/fault modes, which may cause false positives and false negatives in online implementation of AI systems.
- Background
Industrial data patterns can be highly transient and interpreting them requires domain expertise, which can hardly be harnessed by merely mining numeric data.
Speed
Production process happens fast and the equipment and work piece can be expensive, the AI applications need to be applied in real-time to be able to detect anomalies immediately to avoid waste and other consequences. Cloud-based solutions can be powerful and fast, but they still would not fit certain computation efficiency requirements. Edge computing may be a better choice in such scenario.[1]
High fidelity requirement
Unlike consumer-faced AI recommendations systems which have a high tolerance for false positives and negatives, even a very low rate of false positives or negatives rate may cost the total credibility of AI systems. Industrial AI applications are usually dealing with critical issues related to safety, reliability, and operations. Any failure in predictions could incur a negative economic and/or safety impact on the users and discourage them to rely on AI systems.[1]
Interpretability
Besides prediction accuracy and performance fidelity, the industrial AI systems must also go beyond prediction results and give root cause analysis for anomalies. This requires that during development, data scientists need to work with domain experts and include domain know-how into the modeling process, and have the model adaptively learn and accumulate such insights as knowledge.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Yao, Mariya. "4 Unique Challenges Of Industrial Artificial Intelligence". Forbes. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Sallomi, Paul. "Artificial Intelligence Goes Mainstream". The Wall Street Journal. The Wall Street Journal - CIO Journal - Deloitte. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ a b "Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence" (PDF). National Science and Technology Council. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
- ^ Fox, Mark (1986). "Industrial Applications of Artificial Intelligence". Robotics. 2 (4): 301–311. doi:10.1016/0167-8493(86)90003-3.
- ^ Lee, Jay (2003). "E-manufacturing—fundamental, tools, and transformation". Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 19 (6): 501–507. doi:10.1016/S0736-5845(03)00060-7.
- ^ Djurdjanovic, Dragan; Lee, Jay; Ni, Jun (2003). "Watchdog Agent—an infotronics-based prognostics approach for product performance degradation assessment and prediction". Advanced Engineering Informatics. 17 (3–4): 109–125. doi:10.1016/j.aei.2004.07.005.
- ^ Waurzyniak, Patrick. "Moving towards e-factory". SME Manufacturing Magazine.
- ^ a b "Predix". General Electric. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ "IBM Bluemix". IBM. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ a b "Cybermanufacturing Systems". National Science Foundation. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ a b Lee, Jay; Bagheri, Behrad; Jin, Chao (2016). "Introduction to cyber manufacturing". Manufacturing Letters. 8: 11–15. doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2016.05.002.
- ^ "Artificial Intelligence for the American People". The White House. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Schatsky, David; Muraskin, Craig; Gurumurthy, Ragu. "Cognitive technologies: The real opportunities for business". Deloitte Review.
- ^ "【世界翻轉中】不怕機器翻臉 感應器讀懂它的心！ - YouTube". Youtube. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Yang, Shanhu; Begheri, Behrad; Kao, Hung-An; Lee, Jay (2015). "A Unified Framework and Platform for Designing of Cloud-Based Machine Health Monitoring and Manufacturing Systems". Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 137 (4). doi:10.1115/1.4030669.
- ^ "NI InsightCMTM Enterprise for Condition Monitoring - National Instruments". National Instruments. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ "Watchdog AgentTM Prognostics Toolkit for LabVIEW - IMS Center". National Instruments. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ "Service Center Equipment Brands" (PDF). Metal Center News. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Manyika, James; Chui, Michael; Miremadi, Mehdi; Bughin, Jacques; George, Katy; Willmott, Paul; Dewhurst, Martin (2017). "A Future that Works: Automation, Employment, and Productivity". Retrieved 9 May 2017.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "What Does Collaborative Robot Mean ?". Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ Lee, Jay; Lapira, Edzel (2011). "Prognostics and health management tools for semiconductor manufacturing predictability" (PDF). Nanochip: 11–15.
- ^ Lee, Jay (2015). Industrial Big Data. China: Mechanical Industry Press. ISBN 978-7-111-50624-9.