List of red dwarfs: Difference between revisions
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{{wiktionary|red dwarf}} |
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Revision as of 04:10, 16 March 2020
 | This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Many sections need to be filled in or if too hard to fill in, delete the section header. (October 2018) |
This is a list of exceptional red dwarf stars.
List of titleholding red dwarf stars
This is a list of red dwarfs that currently hold records.
List of red dwarf firsts
| Record Title | Star | Date | Data | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First discovered | Lacaille 8760 | 1753 | Originally listed in a 1763 catalog that was published posthumously by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. | [1] | |
| First discovered with planet(s) | Gliese 876 | 1998 | Gliese 876 b |
The Jovian planet was the first discovered around a red dwarf. |
[2][3] |
| First discovered with giant planet(s) | Gliese 876 | 1998 | Gliese 876 b | The giant planet was the first planet discovered around a red dwarf. | [2][3] |
| First discovered with terrestrial planet(s) | Kepler-42 (KOI-961) |
2012 | KOI-961 b KOI-961 c KOI-961 d |
3 terrestrial planets were discovered around KOI-961 in 2012, the first terrestrial planets found to orbit a red dwarf. | [4] |
List of red dwarf extremes
| Record Title | Star | Date | Data | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Least voluminous | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017 | r= 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | [5][6][7] | |
| Most voluminous | AU Microscopii | 2009 | 0.84 R☉ | [8] | |
| Least massive | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 2015 | 67.54±12.79 MJ | [9] | |
| Most massive | |||||
| Least distant | Proxima Centauri | 1917 | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) |
This is also known as Alpha Centauri C and is a member of the α Cen trinary system. It is the nearest neighbouring star to the Sun. |
[10] |
| Most distant | UDF 2457 | 2010 | 59,000 ly
(18,000 pc) |
Sangeeta Malhotra. "As far as the Hubble can see" (PDF). Arizona State University. Retrieved 2010-10-28.</ref> | |
| Least luminous | 2MASS J0523-1403 | [9] | |||
| Most luminous | |||||
| Dimmest | |||||
| Brightest | Lacaille 8760 | V= 6.69 |
Also called AX Microscopii. This is the 24th closest star to the Sun, and also intrinsically luminous for red dwarfs, having spectral class M0. |
[11][12] | |
| Youngest | |||||
| Oldest |
List of named red dwarfs
This is a list of red dwarfs with names that are not systematically designated.
| Star | Naming | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proxima Centauri | Named for being the closest neighbouring star to Earth's Sun | Lies within the Alpha Centauri star system | [10] |
| Barnard's Star | Named after its discoverer, E. E. Barnard | Second closest neighbouring star system to Earth, after α Cen. Also the star with the highest proper motion. | [13] |
| van Biesbroeck's star | Named for its discoverer, George van Biesbroeck | Was once the least luminous, and, lowest mass, known star. | [14] |
| Kapteyn's star | Named for the astronomer who discovered it had gone missing, Jacobus Kapteyn | Was once the star with the highest proper motion, thus making it move away from its recorded position in the sky and go "missing". | [13] |
| Teegarden's Star | Named after the lead investigator astrophysicist who discovered it, Bonnard J. Teegarden, through a datacrunching search of archived data. |
List of the earliest red dwarfs discovered
This is a list of the first discovered red dwarf stars.
List of nearest red dwarfs
| Star | Distance ly (pc) |
Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proxima Centauri | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) | Part of the α Cen trinary system, the closest neighbouring star system. It is also the nearest neighbouring star. | [10] |
| 2 | Barnard's Star | 5.95 ly (1.82 pc) | Second closest neighbouring star system | [15] |
| 3 | Wolf 359 | 7.86 ly (2.41 pc) | Also called CN Leonis | |
| 4 | Lalande 21185 | 8.3 ly (2.5 pc) | ||
| 5 | Luyten 726-8 | 8.7 ly (2.7 pc) | This is a binary star system with two red dwarfs | |
| 6 | Ross 154 | 9.68 ly (2.97 pc) | [citation needed] |
Timeline of nearest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the closest red dwarf to Earth, and its succession over time.
| Star | Date | Distance ly (pc) |
Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proxima Centauri | 1917— | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) | It is also the nearest neighbouring star. | [10] |
List of furthest red dwarfs
Timeline of farthest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the most distant red dwarf to Earth, and its succession over time.
List of red dwarfs with the highest proper motion
Timeline of red dwarfs with the highest proper motion
This is a list of titleholders of being the highest proper motion red dwarf relative to the Sun, and its succession over time.
List of red dwarfs with the highest peculiar velocity
Timeline of red dwarfs with the highest peculiar velocity
This is a list of titleholders of being the highest peculiar velocity red dwarf relative to the local referent, and its succession over time.
List of least massive red dwarfs
These are stars that are closest to the boundary to becoming brown dwarfs (aka. failed stars) but still remain fully fusing stars.
Timeline of lightest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the least mass, and its succession over time.
List of most massive red dwarfs
These are stars are the ones with the bulkiest masses that remain fully conductive, and unable to ever fuse helium, and will not form planetary nebulae, thus never entering red giant star phase.
Timeline of heaviest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the most mass, and its succession over time.
List of least voluminous red dwarfs
| Star | Radius Solar radii (Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii (Jupiter = 1) |
Radius km (mi) |
Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 0.084 | 0.84 | 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. | [5][6][7] |
| 2 | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 0.086 | 0.86 | 60,000 km (37,000 mi) | [16][17][18] | |
| 3 | ||||||
| 4 | ||||||
| 5 |
Timeline of smallest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the smallest volume, and its succession over time.
| Star | Date | Radius Solar radii (Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii (Jupiter = 1) |
Radius km (mi) |
Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017— | 0.084 | 0.84 | 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. | [5][6][7] |
| 2MASS J0523-1403 | 2013-2017 | 0.086 | 0.86 | 60,000 km (37,000 mi) | [16][17][18] | |
| OGLE-TR-122B | 2005-2013 | 0.120 | 1.16 | 81,100 km (50,400 mi) | [19][20][21] |
List of most voluminous red dwarfs
Timeline of largest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the largest volume, and its succession over time.
List of least luminous red dwarfs
This is a list of the least intrinsically energetic, the least luminous (absolute magnitude) red dwarf stars
Timeline of least luminous red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of the least luminous (absolute magnitude) red dwarfs
List of most luminous red dwarfs
This is a list of the most intrinsically energetic, the most luminous (absolute magnitude) red dwarf stars
Timeline of most luminous red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of the most luminous (absolute magnitude) red dwarfs
List of dimmest red dwarfs
This is a list of the least bright (apparent magnitude) red dwarf stars, as they appear from Earth
Timeline of dimmest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the dimmest (apparent magnitude) red dwarf as seen from Earth, and its succession over time.
List of brightest red dwarfs
This is a list of the most bright (apparent magnitude) red dwarf stars, as they appear from Earth
| Star | Apparent magnitude (V) |
Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lacaille 8760 | 6.69 | Also called AX Microscopii. This is the 24th closest star to the Sun, and also intrinsically luminous for red dwarfs, having spectral class M0. | [11][12] |
| 2 | ||||
| 3 | ||||
| 4 | ||||
| 5 |
List of naked-eye red dwarfs
No red dwarf stars are visible to the naked eye.[22]
Timeline of brightest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the brightest (apparent magnitude) red dwarf as seen from Earth, and its succession over time.
| Star | Date | Apparent magnitude (V) |
Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lacaille 8760 | 6.69 | Also called AX Microscopii. This is the 24th closest star to the Sun, and also intrinsically luminous for red dwarfs, having spectral class M0. | [11][12] |
List of youngest red dwarfs
This is a list of the youngest red dwarf stars, as they appear when they are observed.
Timeline of youngest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the youngest red dwarf as seen from Earth, and its succession over time.
List of oldest red dwarfs
This is a list of the oldest red dwarf stars, as they appear when they are observed.
Timeline of oldest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the oldest red dwarf as seen from Earth, and its succession over time.
Notes
References
- ^ Croswell, Ken (July 2003), "The Brightest Red Dwarf", Sky & Telescope: 32, retrieved 2019-08-31.
- ^ a b Marietta DiChristina (September 1998). "Other Worlds". Popular Science. pp. 77–79.
- ^ a b "The closest extrasolar planet: A giant planet around the M4 dwarf Gl 876". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 338 (published October 1998): L67–L70. 4 August 1998. arXiv:astro-ph/9808026. Bibcode:1998A&A...338L..67D.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Deborah Williams-Hedges (13 January 2012). "Tiny planet triplets orbit dwarf star". Futurity.
- ^ a b c Eric Mack (11 July 2017). "Saturn-sized star is the smallest ever discovered". cnet.
- ^ a b c "Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers". University of Cambridge. 2017.
- ^ a b c "The EBLM project; III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 604 (6): L6. 12 June 2017. arXiv:1706.08781. Bibcode:2017A&A...604L...6V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. EBLM_III.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Plavchan, Peter; Werner, M. W.; Chen, C. H.; Stapelfeldt, K. R.; Su, K. Y. L.; Stauffer, J. R.; Song, I. (May 2009). "New Debris Disks Around Young, Low-Mass Stars Discovered with Thespitzer Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (2): 1068–1094. arXiv:0904.0819. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698.1068P. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1068. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ a b Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gordon, Mollie M. Van; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ a b c d I.S. Glass (2007). "The Discovery of the Nearest Star". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa. 66 (11 and 12) (published December 2007): 244–262. Bibcode:2007MNSSA..66..244G.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Ken Croswell (July 2002). "The Brightest Red Dwarf". Sky and Telescope. p. 38.
- ^ a b c David Tytell (2013). "Lalande 21185: The Brightest Red Dwarf for the Rest of Us" (PDF).
{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires|magazine=(help) - ^ a b Liz Kruesi (28 November 2005). "The discoverers of Kapteyn's Star". Astronomy Magazine (published January 2006).
{{cite magazine}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Peter van de Kamp (April 1953). "Stars Nearer than Five Parsecs". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 65 (383): 73–77. Bibcode:1953PASP...65...73V. doi:10.1086/126538.
- ^ "Barnard's star | Distance, Facts, & Planet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ^ a b Garmany, Katy. "NOAO/SOAR: Where do stars end and brown dwarfs begin?". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
- ^ a b John Bochanski (23 December 2013). "New Cutoff for Star Sizes". Sky and Telescope.
- ^ a b Sergio B. Dieterich; Todd J. Henry; Wei-Chun Jao; Jennifer G. Winters; Altonio D. Hosey; Adric R. Riedel; John P. Subasavage (May 2014). "The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 25. arXiv:1312.1736. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. 94.
- ^ Robert Roy Britt (3 March 2005). "Newfound Star Smaller than Some Planets". Space.com.
- ^ Jonathan O'Callaghan; Josh Barker (National Space Centre) (22 March 2013). "What is the smallest star?". SpaceAnswers.com.
- ^ Pont, F.; Melo, C. H. F.; Bouchy, F.; Udry, S.; Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Santos, N. C. (27 January 2005). "A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 433 (2) (published April 2005): L21–L24. arXiv:astro-ph/0501611. Bibcode:2005A&A...433L..21P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500025.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Jim Kaler (2016). "Barnard's Star (V2500 Ophiuchi)". stars.astro.illinois.edu. University of Illinois.