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PIA has a Wireguard Beta
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| {{yes}}<ref name="pia-ipv6">{{cite web |url=https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/client-support/ |title=Client Support Area / Private Internet Access VPN Service |work=IPv6 Leak Protection |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20171231150012/https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/client-support/ |archivedate=2017-12-31 |quote=IPv6 leak protection disables IPv6 traffic while on the VPN. This includes 6to4 and Teredo tunneled IPv6 traffic. }}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="pia-ipv6">{{cite web |url=https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/client-support/ |title=Client Support Area / Private Internet Access VPN Service |work=IPv6 Leak Protection |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20171231150012/https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/client-support/ |archivedate=2017-12-31 |quote=IPv6 leak protection disables IPv6 traffic while on the VPN. This includes 6to4 and Teredo tunneled IPv6 traffic. }}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="pia-openvpn">{{cite web |url=https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/how-it-works/# |title=How a VPN Tunnel Works / Private Internet Access VPN Service |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20171227092922/https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/how-it-works/%23 |archivedate=2017-12-27 |quote=This is used in conjunction with the OpenVPN protocol [...] |access-date=2017-12-27 }}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="pia-openvpn">{{cite web |url=https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/how-it-works/# |title=How a VPN Tunnel Works / Private Internet Access VPN Service |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20171227092922/https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/how-it-works/%23 |archivedate=2017-12-27 |quote=This is used in conjunction with the OpenVPN protocol [...] |access-date=2017-12-27 }}</ref>
| {{yes|Beta}}<ref name="pia-wireguard">{{cite web |url=https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/helpdesk/news/posts/march-18-2020-introducing-wireguard |title= March 18, 2020 - Introducing Wireguard -News/Announcements |url-status=live |date=2020-03-18 |access-date=2020-03-30 }}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref name="pia-helpdesk-ports">{{cite web |url=https://helpdesk.privateinternetaccess.com/hc/en-us/articles/220934827-What-ports-are-used-by-your-VPN-service- |title=What ports are used by your VPN service? / Private Internet Access |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170131093923/https://helpdesk.privateinternetaccess.com/hc/en-us/articles/220934827-What-ports-are-used-by-your-VPN-service- |date=2016-08-29 |archivedate=2017-01-31 |access-date=2017-12-26 }}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="pia-helpdesk-ports">{{cite web |url=https://helpdesk.privateinternetaccess.com/hc/en-us/articles/220934827-What-ports-are-used-by-your-VPN-service- |title=What ports are used by your VPN service? / Private Internet Access |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170131093923/https://helpdesk.privateinternetaccess.com/hc/en-us/articles/220934827-What-ports-are-used-by-your-VPN-service- |date=2016-08-29 |archivedate=2017-01-31 |access-date=2017-12-26 }}</ref>

Revision as of 21:27, 30 March 2020

This article is a comparison of virtual private network services.

In computer magazines, VPN services are typically judged on connection speeds; privacy protection, including privacy at signup and grade of encryption; server count and locations, interface usability, and cost.[1][2][3][4] In order to determine the degree of privacy and anonymity, various computer magazines, such as PC World and PC Magazine, also take the provider's own guarantees and its reputation among news items into consideration.[1][2]

Definitions

The following definitions clarify the meaning of the column headers in the comparison tables below.

Anonymous payment method
Whether the service offers at least one payment method that does not require personal information. Even if a service accepts a cryptocurrency like bitcoin, it might still require that the customer hands over personally identifiable information (PII) like their full name and address.
Bandwidth
Whether the users' bandwidth is logged while using the service, according to the service's privacy policy.
Diskless
Whether the service's server hardware is connected to hard drives, according to the service provider. If the servers are diskless, the service provider should be unable to log any usage data.
First-party DNS servers
Whether the service provides its own domain name system (DNS) servers.
Logging
Whether the service stores information about their users' connection or activity on the network, according to the service's privacy policy or terms of service. If logging isn't mentioned in those sections but denied somewhere else on the website, the particular table cell will be marked as "No" in yellow and include an explanatory note.
Privacy Impact Score
An indicator of a website's usage of potentially privacy intrusive technologies such as third-party or permanent cookies, CANVAS trackers etc.[5] The score can be in the range from 0 to 100, where 0 is minimal privacy impact (best) and 100 is the biggest privacy impact (worst) relative to other web sites.[5] The score also has a simplified letter and colour presentation from A to F where A is "No cookies" and F is "Score above three standard deviations from the average".[5] The metric is developed by WebCookies.org.[5]
Obfuscation
Whether the service provides a method of obfuscating the VPN traffic so that it's not as easily detected and blocked by national governments or corporations.[6][7]
Offers WireGuard
Whether the service provider offers the WireGuard tunneling protocol.
SSL rating
The service's website's overall SSL server rating according to Qualys SSL Labs' SSL Server Test tool.
Supports Obfsproxy
Whether the service has an implementation of the Tor subproject Obfsproxy.[6][7]

Privacy

PC Magazine recommends that users consider choosing a provider based in a country with no data retention laws, since that makes it easier for the service to keep a promise of no logging.[8] PC Magazine and TechRadar also suggest that users read the provider's logging policy before signing up for the service,[8][3] since some providers collect information about their customers' VPN usage.[9][10] PC World recommends that users avoid free services as a rule of thumb, and asserts that free services either sell their users' browsing data in aggregated form to researchers and marketers, or only offer a minimal amount of data transfer per month.[9] Logitheque explains why there are so many VPN comparison websites on the web.[11]

Service Based in Logging[a] Anonymous payment method Accepts bitcoin PGP key available
Traffic DNS requests Timestamps Bandwidth IP address
Avira Phantom VPN Germany No[b] Yes[b] No[b] No No No
blackVPN Hong Kong No[14] No[14] No[14] No[14] No[14] Email Yes[15] Yes[16]
ExpressVPN British Virgin Islands[17][18][19] No[20] No[20] Yes[21] Yes[22] No[20] Email[19][18][23] Yes[19][18][24] No
Hotspot Shield Elite United States Yes[c] Yes[26][27] No No No
IPredator Sweden No[28] Yes[28] Yes[28] Yes[28] Email[29] Yes[30] Yes[31]
IPVanish United States No[32] No[32] No[32] No[32] No[32] No[33] No No
IVPN Gibraltar No[34] No[34] No[34] No[34] No[34] Email Yes[35] Yes[36]
Mullvad Sweden No[37] No[37] No[37] No[37] No[37] Yes[38] Yes[38] Yes[39]
NordVPN Panama No[40] No[40] No[40] No[40] No[40] Email[41] Yes Yes[42]
Private Internet Access United States No[43] No[43] No[43] No[43][44] No[43] Yes[45] Yes[46] Yes[47]
ProtonVPN Switzerland No[48] Yes[48] Email Yes No
PureVPN Hong Kong No[49] No[50] Yes[51] No[d] Email[e] Yes[55] No
SaferVPN Israel[56] No[57] No[57] Yes[57] Yes[57] No[57] Email[58] Yes[58] Yes[59]
TunnelBear Canada[60][61][62] No[63] No[63][64] No[65] Yes[62][65] No[63] Email[60] Yes[66][60][61] No
VPN.ht Hong Kong No[67] No[f] Email[69] Yes[70] No
VPNBook Un­known[g] No[71] Yes[71] Yes[71] N/A[h] N/A[h] No

Notes

  1. ^ As claimed by provider unless otherwise noted.
  2. ^ a b c There is no mention of Avira's VPN logging policy in their privacy policy. However, it is stated in an FAQ section that neither traffic nor IP addresses are logged on their VPN service.[12] It is also stated that bandwidth is logged.[12] When visiting Avira's website, the visitor's IP address is logged by both Google Analytics and the CrazyEgg tool.[13]
  3. ^ Hotspot Shield claims to collect "anonymous, aggregate data about which websites you visit and which apps you use."[25]
  4. ^ We DO NOT keep any record of your browsing activities, connection logs, records of the VPN IPs assigned to you, your original IPs, your connection time, the history of your browsing, the sites you visited, your outgoing traffic, the content or data you accessed, or the DNS queries generated by you."[52] However, in 2017, PureVPN provided connection logs including IP addresses to the FBI for use in a criminal investigation.[53]
  5. ^ Name and e-mail is required for every payment method.[54]
  6. ^ VPN.ht only touches upon logging of traffic in their privacy policy.[67] However, in another section of the website, it is stated that bandwidth is not logged.[68]
  7. ^ VPNBook does not disclose in which jurisdiction it operates.
  8. ^ a b VPNBook is free and therefore doesn't require payment. However, it accepts donations in bitcoin and through PayPal.

Technical features

Service Leak Protection Protocols Obfuscation / Censorship Avoidance Network Neutrality Server Data Encryption Handshake Encryption Data Authentication
First-party DNS servers IPv6 supported / blocked Offers OpenVPN Offers WireGuard Supports multihop Supports TCP port 443 Supports Obfsproxy Offers SOCKS Supports SSL tunnel Supports SSH tunnel Other proprietary protocols Blocks SMTP (authent.) Blocks P2P Dedicated or Virtual Diskless Default provided Strongest provided Weakest provided Strongest provided Weakest provided Strongest provided
Avast SecureLine Yes Yes Yes No No No Some[72] Dedicated[73] No AES-256 AES-256
Avira Phantom VPN Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Dedicated No AES-256 AES-256
blackVPN Yes No Yes[74] No No Yes[74] No Yes[74] Some[a] Some[75] Dedicated[76] AES-256[74] AES-256[74] RSA-4096[74] RSA-4096[74] SHA-512[74] SHA-512[74]
ExpressVPN Yes[17] Yes Yes[17][18][19] No No Yes[77] No[17][18][19] Both[78][79] No AES-256 CA-4096
Hotspot Shield Elite No No No No No AES-128[80] AES-128[80] TLS 1.2 ECDHE PFS[80] TLS 1.2 ECDHE PFS[80] HMAC[81] HMAC[81]
IPredator Yes[82] Yes[83] Yes[84] No No Yes[85] No No AES-256 (CBC)[86] AES-256 (CBC)[86] SHA-1[86] SHA-1[86]
IPVanish Yes[87] Yes[88] Yes[33] No No Yes[89] Yes[90] Yes[33] No No No No[33] No[33] Dedicated[91] No AES-256[92] AES-256[92] RSA-2048[92] RSA-2048[92] SHA-256[92] SHA-256[92]
IVPN Yes[93] No[94] Yes Beta[95] Yes; OpenVPN Yes Yes Yes[96] No[97] No[98] Dedicated[99] AES-256[93] AES-256[93] RSA-4096[93]
Mullvad Yes[100] Yes[100] Yes[100] Beta[101] Yes; WireGuard[102] and SOCKS5 Yes[100] No[103] Yes[104][100] Yes Yes[100] No[100] No[100] Dedicated[105] AES-256 (GCM)[100] AES-256[100] RSA-4096[100] RSA-4096[100] SHA-512[100] SHA-512[100]
NordVPN Yes[106] No[107] Yes[108] Yes; NordLynx based on WireGuard[109] Yes; OpenVPN[110] and SOCKS5 Yes[111] Yes[112] Yes No[113] Dedicated AES-256[114] AES-256 (CBC)[114] 2048-bit Diffie-Hellman[114] 2048-bit Diffie-Hellman[114]
Private Internet Access Yes[115] Yes[116] Yes[117] Beta[118] No Yes[119] No Yes[120][121] Some[b] No[123] Dedicated[124] AES-128 (CBC)[125] AES-256[125] ECC-256k1[125] RSA-4096[125] SHA-1[125] SHA-256[125]
ProtonVPN Yes No Yes No Yes Some AES-256 AES-256
PureVPN Yes Yes Yes[126] No No Only through SSTP[127] No No No Some[128] Both[129][79] No AES-256
SaferVPN Yes[130] Yes[131][56] No[131] No Yes[132] No No Some[c] No AES-256[131] AES-256[131] 2048bit SSL/TLS[131] 2048bit SSL/TLS[131] SHA-256[131] SHA-256[131]
TunnelBear Yes[64] Yes[134][61] No No No Yes[135][62] Yes No[136] Yes[137][60][61] AES-128 (CBC)[d] AES-256 (CBC)[134] 1548 bit Diffie-Hellman group[e] 4096 bit Diffie-Hellman group[134] SHA-1[f] SHA-256[134]
VPN.ht Yes[138] Yes[139] No No No[140] AES-256
VPNBook Yes[141] No No Yes[142] Some[143] Dedicated[144] No

Notes

  1. ^ Allowed on ports 465 and 587.[74]
  2. ^ The support team may be willing to whitelist your email provider's SMTP server upon request.[122]
  3. ^ SaferVPN only allows P2P on their Netherlands server.[133]
  4. ^ Only on iOS 8 and earlier. All other supported devices and operating systems use AES-256 (CBC).[134]
  5. ^ iOS 9 and later use 2048 bit. iOS 8 and earlier use 1548 bit. All other supported devices and operating systems use 4096 bit.[134]
  6. ^ iOS 8 and earlier use SHA-1. All other supported devices and operating systems use SHA-256.[134]

Availability

Service No. of simultaneous connections No. of countries No. of servers Linux support (manual config.)
Avast SecureLine 5 34 54 No
Avira Phantom VPN Unlimited[145][146] 25[147] 36[147] No
ExpressVPN 3[17][18][148] 94[149] 3,000 circa[150] Yes[17][19]
Hotspot Shield Elite 5[151] 21 No
IPredator 1[152] 1 Yes[153]
IPVanish 10[33] 54[33] 1,300[33] Yes[154]
IVPN 5[93] 27[155] 57[156] Yes[157]
Mullvad 5[158] 36[159] 556[159] Yes[160]
NordVPN 6 58[161] 5,607[161] Yes[162]
Private Internet Access 10[163] 29[164] 3,293[164] Yes[165]
ProtonVPN 10[166] 44[166] 698[166] Yes[167]
PureVPN 5[126] 140 circa[168] 2,000 circa[168] Yes[169]
SaferVPN 5[170] 35 circa[171] 700 circa[171] Yes[165]
TunnelBear 5[62][172] 20[172] Yes
VPN.ht 3 25[139] 128[139] Yes

Website

Example of a warrant canary
Library warrant canary relying on active removal designed by Jessamyn West.

The rating of the services' websites according to SSL server certificate and HTTP cookie test tools. Also listed is whether the websites maintain a warrant canary.

Service SSL certificate Privacy Impact Score Warrant canary
Holder Issued to SSL rating
Avast SecureLine Yes[173] Self[173] A+[173] B[174] No
Avira Phantom VPN Yes[175] Self[175] A[175] E[176] No
blackVPN Yes[177][178] Cloudflare[177] A[177] B[179] No
ExpressVPN Yes[180][181] Self[181] A+[181] B[182] No
Hotspot Shield Elite Yes[183] Self[183] A-[183] F[184] No
IPredator Yes[185] Self[185] A+[185] A[186] Yes
IPVanish Yes[187] Self[187] A[187] B[188] No
IVPN Yes[189] Self[189] A+[189] B[190] Yes
Mullvad Yes[191] Self[191] A+[191] A[192] No
NordVPN Yes[193] Self[193] A+[193] B[194] Yes[195]
Private Internet Access Yes[196] Self[196] A[196] B[197] No
ProtonVPN Yes[198]| Self[198] A+[198] B[199] Yes[200]
PureVPN Yes[201] Self[201] A[201] B[202] No
SaferVPN Yes[59] Self[59] A[59] Yes Yes[132]
TunnelBear Yes[203] Self[203] A+[203] B[204] No
VPNBook Yes[205] Self[205] B[205] B[206] No
VPN.ht Yes[207] Yes[207] A+[207] B[208] Yes[209]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Paul, Ian (2018-01-02). "Best VPN services of 2018: Reviews and buying advice". How we tested. PC World. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04.
  2. ^ a b Eddy, Max (2018-01-15). "The Best VPN Services of 2018". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on 2018-01-18. It's important to keep a few things in mind when evaluating which VPN service is right for you: reputation, performance, type of encryption used, transparency, ease of use, support, and extra features.
  3. ^ a b Athow, Desire (2018-01-13). "The best VPN services for 2018". How to test a VPN. TechRadar. Archived from the original on 2018-01-17. We were looking for features, value, and clear and honest pricing. Free ways to learn more about a service - free plans, trial periods, refund periods - were important, and we also looked for companies which maintained your privacy when you signed up (no email address required, trials available without credit cards, Bitcoin available as a payment option).
  4. ^ Athow, Desire (2018-01-13). "The best VPN services for 2018". How to choose a VPN: Here are 6 tips. TechRadar. Archived from the original on 2018-01-17.
  5. ^ a b Tor (2012-02-16). "Obfsproxy: the next step in the censorship arms arce / Tor Blog". Tor Blog. Archived from the original on 2018-01-11.
  6. ^ a b OpenVPN. "TrafficObfuscation - OpenVPN Community". Wiki. Archived from the original on 2018-01-11.
  7. ^ a b Eddy, Max (2018-01-15). "The Best VPN Services of 2018". Can You Trust Your VPN Service?. PC Magazine. Archived from the original on 2018-01-18.
  8. ^ a b Paul, Ian (2018-01-02). "Best VPN services of 2018: Reviews and buying advice". What to look for in a VPN. PC World. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04.
  9. ^ Krebs, Brian (2017-03-17). "Post-FCC Privacy Rules, Should You VPN?". Krebs on Security. Archived from the original on 2018-01-18.
  10. ^ "What's the point of a VPN comparison?". www.logitheque.com. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  11. ^ a b "What, if anything, do you track?". Archived from the original on 2017-12-31.
  12. ^ "Privacy policy". User Experience and Statistics. Archived from the original on 2017-12-31. Information about your use of our website the Cookie generates is usually transferred to a Google server in the USA and saved there. However, before this happens, Google shortens and anonymizes your IP address [...] if located within a member state of the European Union or in other contracting member states to the Agreement on the European Economic Area. The entire IP address is transferred to a Google server in the USA and saved there only in exceptional cases. [...] Information about your use of our website (including your IP address) that Cookies generate is transferred to a CrazyEgg server in the USA and stored there.
  13. ^ a b c d e "Terms of Service - blackVPN". Archived from the original on 2017-12-30.
  14. ^ "Checkout - Privacy - blackVPN". Archived from the original on 2018-01-03.
  15. ^ "Contact - blackVPN". Archived from the original on 2017-12-30.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Eddy, Max (2017-05-12). "ExpressVPN". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on 2017-05-14.
  17. ^ a b c d e f Williams, Mike (2017-10-23). "ExpressVPN review". TechRadar. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04.
  18. ^ a b c d e f Paul, Ian (2017-09-20). "ExpressVPN review: A good service with no public leadership". PCWorld. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04.
  19. ^ a b c ExpressVPN. "ExpressVPN Privacy Policy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04. We do not collect logs of your activity, including no logging of browsing history, traffic destination, data content, or DNS queries. We also never store connection logs, meaning no logs of your IP address, your outgoing VPN IP address, connection timestamp, or session duration.
  20. ^ ExpressVPN. "ExpressVPN Privacy Policy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04. We collect information about whether you have successfully established a VPN connection on a particular day (but not a specific time of the day).
  21. ^ ExpressVPN. "ExpressVPN Privacy Policy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04. We may know, for example, that our customer John had connected to our New York VPN location on Tuesday and had transferred an aggregate of 823 MB of data across a 24-hour period.
  22. ^ ExpressVPN. "Buy VPN with Bitcoin, PayPal, Credit Card / ExpressVPN". 2. Enter your email address. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  23. ^ ExpressVPN. "Buy VPN with Bitcoin, PayPal, Credit Card / ExpressVPN". 3. Select your preferred method of payment. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04. Continue below to buy VPN with Bitcoin.
  24. ^ "AnchorFree Hotspot Shield Privacy Policy". When you launch Hotspot Shield. 2017-11-29. Archived from the original on 2017-12-28. Retrieved 2017-12-28. When you use Hotspot Shield to access the internet, we collect only anonymous, aggregate data about which websites you visit and which apps you use.
  25. ^ "AnchorFree Hotspot Shield Privacy Policy". When you visit our websites. 2017-11-29. Archived from the original on 2017-12-28. Your IP address may be collected when you visit our websites.
  26. ^ "AnchorFree Hotspot Shield Privacy Policy". When you launch Hotspot Shield. 2017-11-29. Archived from the original on 2017-12-28. We collect your IP address [...]. We may also use your IP address to derive your approximate location [...]. Your true IP address is stored only for the duration of your VPN session and is cleared after your session is closed.
  27. ^ a b c d IPredator. "IPredator - FAQ". 2.3 What kind of logging do you do to keep your service running?. Archived from the original on 2018-04-05.
  28. ^ IPredator. "IPredator - FAQ". 2.2 What information does the user database actually contain?. Archived from the original on 2018-04-05. The user database only contains the information you entered during the sign-up process. This is your user name, password and your email address.
  29. ^ IPredator. "IPredator - Pricing". Archived from the original on 2018-04-05.
  30. ^ IPredator. "IPredator - Contact". Archived from the original on 2018-04-05.
  31. ^ a b c d e "Privacy Policy - IPVanish VPN". www.ipvanish.com.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h "The Best VPN Service Provider with Fast, Secure VPN Access". www.ipvanish.com.
  33. ^ a b c d e IVPN. "IVPN Privacy Policy". What information is logged when customers connect to our network?. Archived from the original on 2018-03-26. We do not store any connection logs whatsoever. In addition we do not log bandwidth usage, session data or requests to our DNS servers.
  34. ^ IVPN. "IVPN Pricing". What payment types do you accept?. Archived from the original on 2018-03-26. We accept all major credit cards, Paypal, Bitcoin and cash. However paying with cash is only available when purchasing an annual subscription.
  35. ^ IVPN. "How do I send a secure PGP encrypted email to IVPN?". Archived from the original on 2018-03-26.
  36. ^ a b c d e "No-logging data policy - Guides / Mullvad". What we don't log. Archived from the original on 2017-12-26. We log nothing whatsoever that can be connected to a numbered account's activity: no logging of traffic; DNS requests; connections, including when one is made, when it disconnects, for how long, or any kind of timestamp; IP addresses; user bandwidth [or] account activity except total simultaneous connections [...] and the payment information detailed in this post.
  37. ^ a b "No-logging data policy - Guides / Mullvad". How Mullvad handles payment information. Archived from the original on 2017-12-26. Mullvad accepts Bitcoin, cash, bank wire, credit card, PayPal, and Swish.
  38. ^ "Mullvad client - Settings - Guides / Mullvad". Archived from the original on 2017-12-26. Retrieved 2017-12-26. You do have the option of sending an encrypted email to us using PGP. Mullvad's PGP key is found on our website.
  39. ^ a b c d e NordVPN (2017-10-28). "Terms of Service". Logging policy.
  40. ^ NordVPN (2017-10-28). "Terms of Service". Privacy policy.
  41. ^ "Do you have a PGP key so I could reach you anonymously?". support.nordvpn.com. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
  42. ^ a b c d e "Privacy Policy, VPN Network Services / Private Internet Access". 2016-08-11. Archived from the original on 2017-11-14. Retrieved 2017-12-27. PrivateInternetAccess.com does not collect or log any traffic or use of its Virtual Private Network ("VPN") or Proxy.
  43. ^ "Do you impose any limitations on usage or bandwidth when using your service? / Private Internet Access". 2017-11-28. Archived from the original on 2017-12-26. Retrieved 2017-12-26. We do not impose any restrictions or limitations on usage and/or bandwidth consumption.
  44. ^ "We accept all kinds of payment methods... including all major gift cards!".
  45. ^ "What methods of payment do you accept for account purchases? / Private Internet Access". 2017-04-22. Archived from the original on 2017-12-26. Retrieved 2017-12-26.
  46. ^ "Private Internet Access Management Team".
  47. ^ a b ProtonVPN (2018-04-16). "Privacy Policy". Archived from the original on 2018-05-14.
  48. ^ "PureVPN's Privacy Policy". 2016-01-15. Archived from the original on 2017-12-27. We do not monitor user activity [...]. We therefore have no record of your activities such as which software you used, which websites you visited, what content you downloaded, which apps you used, etc. after you connected to any of our servers.
  49. ^ "PureVPN's Privacy Policy". 2018-07-30. We are unable to identify at what time you connected to the VPN, with which IP address and which VPN IP was assigned to you.
  50. ^ "PureVPN's Privacy Policy". 2016-01-15. Archived from the original on 2017-12-27. The time when a successful connection is made with our servers is counted as a "connection" and the total bandwidth used during this connection is called "bandwidth". Connection and bandwidth are kept in record [...].
  51. ^ "PureVPN's Privacy Policy". 2018-07-30. From here on forward, we do not keep any records of anything that could associate any specific activity to a specific user.
  52. ^ U.S.A. v. Lin, p. 22 (D. Mass. 10/03/2017) ("Further, records from PureVPN show that the same email accounts - Lin's gmail account and the teleportfx gmail account - were accessed from the same WANSecurity IP address. Significantly, PureVPN was able to determine that their service was accessed by the same customer from two originating IP addresses: the RCN IP address from the home Lin was living in at the time, and the software company where Lin was employed at the time."), Text.
  53. ^ "Buy VPN Service at an Amazing Discount!". Archived from the original on 2017-12-28.
  54. ^ "PureVPN's Privacy Policy". 2016-01-15. Archived from the original on 2017-12-27. Since we are huge believers in anonymity, we have included Bitcoin and Gift Cards – 100% anonymous payment methods – in the payment methods accepted by us.
  55. ^ a b Paul, Ian (2017-06-16). "SaferVPN: This newcomer is off to a good start". PC World. Archived from the original on 2018-01-16.
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  65. ^ "Buy TunnelBear VPN with Credit Card, Bitcoin". Archived from the original on 2018-01-03.
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  67. ^ "VPN.ht / Be completely anonymous on the internet". See what you get with your subscription - No limits. Archived from the original on 2018-01-02. We are committed to your privacy and do not collect or log traffic data or browsing activity from individual users connected to our VPN.
  68. ^ "Terms of use". 3. Privacy Policy. September 2015. Archived from the original on 2018-01-02. When you register on the Site you will be asked to provide certain personal information, including your e-mail address and payment information.
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  71. ^ "Avast SecureLine / A VPN to protect your online activities". It’s your Internet. Take it back - Connect with your peers. No tricks. Archived from the original on 2017-12-29. We support peer-2-peer (P2P) networking in some of our server locations.
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  76. ^ ExpressVPN. "Stay Safe and Keep Your Online Privacy With a Secure VPN". ExpressVPN Features. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Our network is SSL-secured [...].
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  79. ^ a b c d "Hotspot Shield Privacy Frequently Asked Questions / Hotspot Shield". How does Hotspot Shield secure my Internet connection?. Archived from the original on 2017-12-28. Retrieved 2017-12-28. Turning Hotspot Shield on encrypts all of the traffic between your device and our servers using TLS 1.2 with perfect forward secrecy (ECDHE), 128-bit AES data encryption.
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  82. ^ IPredator. "IPredator - FAQ". 1.5 Do you support IPv6?. Archived from the original on 2018-04-05.
  83. ^ IPredator. "IPredator - FAQ". 1.1 Which protocols are supported to connect to IPredator?. Archived from the original on 2018-04-05.
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  105. ^ NordVPN. "Use DNS Leak Test & Quickly Identify DNS Requests Exposure!". How can it affect you?.
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  109. ^ NordVPN. "Extra Security With Double VPN". What is Double VPN & how does it work?.
  110. ^ NordVPN. "What is OpenVPN?". Retrieved March 14, 2018. For OpenVPN TCP connections - port 443.
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  115. ^ "Client Support Area / Private Internet Access VPN Service". IPv6 Leak Protection. Archived from the original on 2017-12-31. IPv6 leak protection disables IPv6 traffic while on the VPN. This includes 6to4 and Teredo tunneled IPv6 traffic.
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  119. ^ "How a VPN Tunnel Works / Private Internet Access". Archived from the original on 2017-12-27. We also offer IPSec/L2TP, PPTP and SOCKS5 technologies.
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  121. ^ "Why can't I send email when on the VPN? / Private Internet Access". 2017-10-31. Archived from the original on 2017-12-27. Retrieved 2017-12-27. Any VPN provider that does not retain logs must block outgoing SMTP traffic due to rampant spam associated with usage of VPN services. With that said, we can whitelist (allow) any outgoing email server that a) require authentication, and b) is correctly setup so as not to be an open relay.
  122. ^ "How a VPN Tunnel Works / Private Internet Access VPN Service". Archived from the original on 2017-12-27. In addition, any blocked software by your ISP including P2P and other various software applications will be unblocked and unrestricted on our systems.
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  127. ^ "PureVPN P2P File Sharing - Break P2P barriers anonymously!". 2014-07-08. Archived from the original on 2018-01-03. Furthermore, we have blocked P2P on some of our servers as per changing Global Web Policy. We don't allow p2p/filesharing where it's illegal by law named United Kingdom (UK), United States (US), Canada, Australia etc.
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  134. ^ "GhostBear: How to Hide Your VPN From DPI". 2017-07-18. Archived from the original on 2017-12-28. When you turn GhostBear on, it changes your VPN traffic signature to look like a different kind of traffic. To do this, GhostBear uses a technology called Obfsproxy.
  135. ^ "TunnelBear / Search Results". Archived from the original on 2018-01-03. Retrieved 2018-01-03. TunnelBear does not block SMTP on our network.
  136. ^ "TunnelBear / Can I torrent with TunnelBear?". Archived from the original on 2017-07-18.
  137. ^ VPN.ht. "DNS Leak Test". Archived from the original on 2018-03-24.
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  139. ^ "VPN.ht / Be completely anonymous on the internet". See what you get with your subscription - P2P friendly. Archived from the original on 2018-01-02. We don't restrict any usage. You can Bittorent at will.
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  141. ^ "Free VPN - 100% Free PPTP and OpenVPN Service". Free OpenVPN and PPTP VPN - OpenVPN. Archived from the original on 2018-01-02. All bundles include UDP53, UDP 25000, TCP 80, TCP 443 profile.
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  144. ^ "Avira Phantom VPN Pro / Secure and private Surfing". Simultaneous Connections. Archived from the original on 2017-12-31. Connect as many devices as you like.
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  147. ^ ExpressVPN (2017-10-26). "How many devices can be connected to VPN simultaneously?". Troubleshooting. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. A single subscription can be used simultaneously on three devices.
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  150. ^ "Hotspot Shield Elite - Hotspot Shield Help Center". 2017-12-27. Archived from the original on 2017-12-28. Retrieved 2017-12-28. Our Elite subscription adds more features to your Hotspot Shield account such as: Ability to use the same subscription on up to 5 devices.
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  166. ^ ProtonVPN. "Free Downloads". Free Downloads.
  167. ^ a b "VPN Servers - Here is PureVPN Server Locations". Archived from the original on 2017-12-27.
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  169. ^ SaferVPN (2017-07-12). "How many devices can I use at once with my SaferVPN account?". Archived from the original on 2018-01-16.
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  171. ^ a b "Powerful Features for All Your Privacy Needs". Archived from the original on 2017-12-28. Add up to 5 devices [...]. Browse up to 20 countries [...].
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