Microanalysis

Not to be confused with Microscopy or Microscopy and Microanalysis.

Microanalysis is the chemical identification and quantitative analysis of very small amounts of chemical substances (generally less than 10 mg or 1 ml) or very small surfaces of material (generally less than 1 cm²). One of the pioneers in the microanalysis of chemical elements was the Austrian Nobel Prize winner Fritz Pregl.

Methods

The most known methods used in microanalysis include

• Most of the spectroscopy methods: ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray fluorescence, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
• Most of the chromatography methods : high-performance liquid chromatography, Gel permeation chromatography;
• Some thermal analysis methods: differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis;
• Electrophoresis;
• Field flow fractionation;
• X-ray diffraction;
• Combustion analysis.

Advantages

Compared to normal analyses methods, microanalysis:

• Requires less time for preparation
• Requires less sample and solvent and thus produces less waste and is more cost effective.

Disadvantages

• Handling of small quantities is not always simple.
• Higher accuracy of weighing is necessary (e.g. use of accurate balance).