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Coordinates: 39°57′00″N 71°07′12″E / 39.9500°N 71.1200°E / 39.9500; 71.1200
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'''So‘x District''' (also spelled as '''Sokh''', {{lang-uz|So‘x tumani}}) is a [[Tuman (administrative division)|tuman]] (district) of the [[Fergana Region]]. It is an [[exclave]] of Uzbekistan, surrounded by [[Kyrgyzstan]]. Its capital is [[Ravon, Uzbekistan|Ravon]]. Another village in the district is [[Limbur]]. It is noted that despite being a part of Uzbekistani territory and being surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, its population is nearly 99% [[Tajiks|Tajik]].
'''So‘x District''' (also spelled as '''Sokh''', {{lang-uz|So‘x tumani}}) is a [[Tuman (administrative division)|tuman]] (district) of the [[Fergana Region]]. It is an [[exclave]] of Uzbekistan, surrounded by [[Kyrgyzstan]]. Its capital is [[Ravon, Uzbekistan|Ravon]]. Another village in the district is [[Limbur]]. It is noted that despite being a part of Uzbekistani territory and being surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, its population is mostly [[Tajiks|Tajik]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2019/10/31/convoluted-borders-are-hampering-central-asian-integration|title=Convoluted borders are hampering Central Asian integration|work=The Economist|access-date=2020-04-15|issn=0013-0613}}</ref>


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
The territory of Sokh is divided into two parts, separated by Kyrgyzstan:
The territory of Sokh is divided into two parts, separated by Kyrgyzstan:
* Northern Sokh (or Lower Sokh), including the town of Chon-Qora.
* Northern Sokh (or Lower Sokh), including the town of [[Provinces of Uzbekistan#Enclaves and exclaves|Chon-Qora]].
* Southern Sokh (or Upper Sokh), which is much more extensive than Northern Sokh. The area encompasses nineteen localities with an urban population of 65.9 percent and a rural population of 34.1 percent. It is 99 percent Tajik, 0.7 percent Kyrgyz and 0.3 percent Uzbek.
* Southern Sokh (or Upper Sokh), which is much more extensive than Northern Sokh. The area encompasses nineteen localities with an urban population of 65.9 percent and a rural population of 34.1 percent. It is 99 percent Tajik, 0.7 percent Kyrgyz and 0.3 percent Uzbek.
The exclave's name comes from the [[Sokh River]], 124&nbsp;km long, which crosses the territory and waters its fertile valley. The exclave is surrounded by the Kyrgyz province of Batken. Sokh's border is 135&nbsp;km long, with nine border posts guarded by Kyrgyzstan.
The exclave's name comes from the [[Sokh River]], 124&nbsp;km long, which crosses the territory and waters its fertile valley. The exclave is surrounded by the Kyrgyz province of Batken. Sokh's border is 135&nbsp;km long, with nine border posts guarded by Kyrgyzstan.
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== History ==
== History ==
Together with [[Kokand]], Sokh was one of the centres of the [[Basmachi movement|Basmachi uprising]] from 1918 to 1924. At that time Sokh was still directly connected with Uzbekistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caravanistan.com/kyrgyzstan/south/ferghana-valley-enclaves/|title=Ferghana Valley enclaves: a travel guide|website=Caravanistan|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref>
Together with [[Kokand]], Sokh was one of the centres of the [[Basmachi movement|Basmach uprising]] from 1918 to 1924. At that time Sokh was still directly connected with Uzbekistan. In 1955 Moscow annexed most of the northern section to the then Soviet republic of Kyrgyzstan. Since then, Sokh has been an exclave within Kyrgyzstan. The Uzbek authorities have made calls for direct land access to the exclave in order to better control it. Passenger and goods traffic has been severely restricted since the reintroduction of visa requirements between the central Asian countries. For Kyrgyzstan, the territory required to be given up to allow Uzbekistan a land connection to Sokh would be a bitter loss. It would mean that both good road connections into south-west Kyrgyzstan would go through Uzbek territory, effectively separating the area from the rest of the country.


Sokh was created in 1955. Local legend holds that “the territory was lost by a Kyrgyz Communist Party official in a card game with his Uzbek counterpart.” Other say it made sense to assign the area to Uzbekistan because the roads running along the Soh river connected to Uzbekistan to the north rather than going through the rugged Kyrgyz territory to the east and west of the area in question.
Sokh is considered today as a possible base of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. In the course of the ongoing Kyrgyz-Uzbek border disputes, the Uzbek side has mined land around Sokh. According to Kyrgyz claims, they have also mined Kyrgyz territory.

In 1999, Uzbekistan claimed that militants from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) were using Sokh as their base to attack Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Earlier that year, Tashkent had been rocked by a series of car bombings attributed to the IMU. Uzbekistan began mining the borders around Sokh, angering the Kyrgyz who claim Uzbekistan placed mines on its territory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/05/more-trouble-on-the-kyrgyz-uzbek-border/|title=More Trouble on the Kyrgyz-Uzbek Border|last=Putz|first=Catherine|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref>


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
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==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Sokh River]]
*[[Sokh River]]
*[[Shohimardon]], an Uzbekistan exclave in Kyrgyzstan
*[[Sarvan, Tajikistan|Sarvan]], a Tajikistan exclave in Uzbekistan
*[[Vorukh]], a Tajikistan exclave in Kyrgyzstan
*[[Batken Region#Enclaves%20and%20exclaves|Batken Region enclaves and exclaves]]


{{Fergana Region}}
{{Fergana Region}}

Revision as of 09:52, 15 April 2020

So‘x District
District
Soʻx tumani
CountryUzbekistan
RegionFergana Region
CapitalRavon
Established1942
Area
 • Total
220 km2 (80 sq mi)
Population
 • Total
51 569
Time zoneUTC+5 (UZT)

So‘x District (also spelled as Sokh, Template:Lang-uz) is a tuman (district) of the Fergana Region. It is an exclave of Uzbekistan, surrounded by Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Ravon. Another village in the district is Limbur. It is noted that despite being a part of Uzbekistani territory and being surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, its population is mostly Tajik.[1]

Geography

The territory of Sokh is divided into two parts, separated by Kyrgyzstan:

  • Northern Sokh (or Lower Sokh), including the town of Chon-Qora.
  • Southern Sokh (or Upper Sokh), which is much more extensive than Northern Sokh. The area encompasses nineteen localities with an urban population of 65.9 percent and a rural population of 34.1 percent. It is 99 percent Tajik, 0.7 percent Kyrgyz and 0.3 percent Uzbek.

The exclave's name comes from the Sokh River, 124 km long, which crosses the territory and waters its fertile valley. The exclave is surrounded by the Kyrgyz province of Batken. Sokh's border is 135 km long, with nine border posts guarded by Kyrgyzstan.

Population

42,800 in 1993 (with some estimates as high as 70,000.)

History

Together with Kokand, Sokh was one of the centres of the Basmachi uprising from 1918 to 1924. At that time Sokh was still directly connected with Uzbekistan.[2]

Sokh was created in 1955. Local legend holds that “the territory was lost by a Kyrgyz Communist Party official in a card game with his Uzbek counterpart.” Other say it made sense to assign the area to Uzbekistan because the roads running along the Soh river connected to Uzbekistan to the north rather than going through the rugged Kyrgyz territory to the east and west of the area in question.

In 1999, Uzbekistan claimed that militants from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) were using Sokh as their base to attack Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Earlier that year, Tashkent had been rocked by a series of car bombings attributed to the IMU. Uzbekistan began mining the borders around Sokh, angering the Kyrgyz who claim Uzbekistan placed mines on its territory.[3]

Economy

The economy of Sokh is mainly based on agriculture (potatoes and fruits). The fields are supplied by the river Sokh so that agriculture is only possible in the valley plain. The Sokh valley forms a river oasis in the surrounding, barren grassland. The seasonal migration of the male labour force to Russia is also important. The exclave contains twenty-eight schools, two colleges, three clinics, twelve dispensaries and ten village health centres.

See Also

39°57′00″N 71°07′12″E / 39.9500°N 71.1200°E / 39.9500; 71.1200

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  1. ^ "Convoluted borders are hampering Central Asian integration". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  2. ^ "Ferghana Valley enclaves: a travel guide". Caravanistan. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  3. ^ Putz, Catherine. "More Trouble on the Kyrgyz-Uzbek Border". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
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