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Revision as of 02:58, 16 April 2020
Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of 28 September 2019, Thai citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 77 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 66th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] Thailand is also a part of ASEAN and has visa-free access to these countries and vice versa.
Visa requirements map
Visa requirements
Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Visa required[2] | ||
Albania | Visa required[3] | ||
Algeria | Visa required[4] | ||
Andorra | Visa required[5] |
| |
Angola | Visa required[6] | ||
Antigua and Barbuda | Electronic Entry Visa[7] | ||
Argentina | Visa not required[8] | 90 days | |
Armenia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[9] | 120 days | |
Australia | Visa required[10] |
| |
Austria | Visa required[12] | ||
Azerbaijan | eVisa[13] | 30 days[14] | |
Bahamas | Visa required[15] | ||
Bahrain | Visa on arrival[16] | 14 days | |
Bangladesh | Visa required[17] | ||
Barbados | Visa not required[18] | 90 days | |
Belarus | Visa required[19] |
| |
Belgium | Visa required[21] | ||
Belize | Visa required[22] |
| |
Benin | eVisa / Visa on arrival[23][24] | 30 days / 8 days |
|
Bhutan | Visa required[25] | ||
Bolivia | Visa on arrival[26] | 90 days |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa required[27] | ||
Botswana | Visa required[28] | ||
Brazil | Visa not required[29] | 90 days | |
Brunei | Visa not required[30] | 14 days | |
Bulgaria | Visa required[31] | ||
Burkina Faso | Visa required[32] | ||
Burundi | Visa required[33] | ||
Cambodia | Visa not required[34] | 14 days | |
Cameroon | Visa required[35] | ||
Canada | Visa required[36] | ||
Cape Verde | Visa on arrival[37] | ||
Central African Republic | Visa required[38] | ||
Chad | Visa required[39] | ||
Chile | Visa not required[40] | 90 days | |
China | Visa required[41] | ||
Colombia | Visa required[42] |
| |
Comoros | Visa on arrival[44] | 45 days | |
Republic of the Congo | Visa required[45] | ||
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Visa required[46] | ||
Costa Rica | Visa required[47] |
| |
Côte d'Ivoire | eVisa[48] | 3 months |
|
Croatia | Visa required[49] | ||
Cuba | Tourist Card required[50] |
| |
Cyprus | Visa required[51] | ||
Czech Republic | Visa required[52] | ||
Denmark | Visa required[53] | ||
Djibouti | eVisa[54] | 31 days | |
Dominica | Visa not required[55] | 21 days | |
Dominican Republic | Visa not required[56] | 30 days | |
Ecuador | Visa not required[57] | 90 days | |
Egypt | Visa required[58] |
| |
El Salvador | Visa required[60] | ||
Equatorial Guinea | Visa required[61] | ||
Eritrea | Visa required[62] | ||
Estonia | Visa required[63] | ||
Eswatini | Visa required[64] | ||
Ethiopia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[65] | 90 days |
|
Fiji | Visa not required[68] | 120 days | |
Finland | Visa required[69] | ||
France | Visa required[70] | ||
Gabon | eVisa[71] |
| |
Gambia | Visa required[72] |
| |
Georgia | Visa not required[74] | 1 year | |
Germany | Visa required[75] | ||
Ghana | Visa required[76] | ||
Greece | Visa required[77] | ||
Grenada | Visa required[78] | ||
Guatemala | Visa required[79] | ||
Guinea | eVisa[80] | 90 days | |
Guinea-Bissau | Visa on arrival[81] | 90 days | |
Guyana | Visa required[82] | ||
Haiti | Visa not required[83] | 90 days | |
Honduras | Visa required[84] | ||
Hungary | Visa required[85] | ||
Iceland | Visa required[86] | ||
India | e-Visa[87] | 60 days |
|
Indonesia | Visa not required[90] | 30 days | |
Iran | Visa on arrival[91] | 30 days[92] | |
Iraq | Visa required[93] | 15 days |
|
Ireland | Visa required[94] |
| |
Israel | Visa required[96] |
| |
Italy | Visa required[97] | ||
Jamaica | Visa required[98] | ||
Japan | Visa not required[99] | 15 days | |
Jordan | Visa on arrival[100] | 90 days | |
Kazakhstan | Visa not required[101] | 30 days | |
Kenya | eVisa / Visa on arrival[102] | 90 days | |
Kiribati | Visa required[103] | ||
North Korea | Visa required[104] | ||
South Korea | Visa required[105] | ||
Kuwait | Visa required[106] | ||
Kyrgyzstan | eVisa / Visa on arrival[107] | 30 days |
|
Laos | Visa not required[109] | 30 days | |
Latvia | Visa required[110] | ||
Lebanon | Visa required[111] | ||
Lesotho | eVisa[112][113] | ||
Liberia | Visa required[114] |
| |
Libya | Visa required[115] | ||
Liechtenstein | Visa required[116] | ||
Lithuania | Visa required[117] | ||
Luxembourg | Visa required[118] | ||
Madagascar | eVisa / Visa on arrival[119] | 90 days | |
Malawi | eVisa / Visa on arrival[120][121] | 30 days |
|
Malaysia | Visa not required[122] | 30 days | |
Maldives | Visa on arrival[123][124] | 30 days | |
Mali | Visa required[125] | ||
Malta | Visa required[126] | ||
Marshall Islands | Visa on arrival[127] | 90 days | |
Mauritania | Visa on arrival[128] |
| |
Mauritius | Visa on arrival[129] | 60 days | |
Mexico | Visa required[130] |
| |
Micronesia | Visa not required[131] | 30 days | |
Moldova | eVisa[132] | 90 days |
|
Monaco | Visa required[134] | ||
Mongolia | Visa not required[135] | 30 days | |
Montenegro | Visa required[136] | ||
Morocco | Visa required[137] | ||
Mozambique | Visa on arrival[138] | 30 days | |
Myanmar | Visa not required[139] | 14 days[140] |
|
Namibia | Visa on arrival[141] | 3 months |
|
Nauru | Visa required[142] | ||
Nepal | Visa on arrival[143] | 90 days | |
Netherlands | Visa required[144] | ||
New Zealand | Visa required[145] |
| |
Nicaragua | Visa on arrival[147] | 30 days | |
Niger | Visa required[148] | ||
Nigeria | Visa required[149] | ||
North Macedonia | Visa required[150] | ||
Norway | Visa required[151] | ||
Oman | eVisa[152] | 30 days | |
Pakistan | Electronic Travel Authorization[153] | ||
Palau | Visa on arrival[157] | 30 days | |
Panama | Visa not required[158] | 180 days | |
Papua New Guinea | eVisa / Free visa on arrival[159] | 60 days | |
Paraguay | Visa required[160] | ||
Peru | Visa not required[161] | 180 days | |
Philippines | Visa not required[162] | 30 days | |
Poland | Visa required[163] | ||
Portugal | Visa required[164] | ||
Qatar | Visa not required[165] | 30 days | |
Romania | Visa required[166] | ||
Russia | Visa not required[167] | 30 days | |
Rwanda | eVisa / Visa on arrival[168] | 30 days | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | eVisa[169] | ||
Saint Lucia | Visa on arrival[170] | 42 days | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa not required[171] | 30 days | |
Samoa | Entry Permit on arrival[172] | 60 days | |
San Marino | Visa required[173] | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe | eVisa[174] | ||
Saudi Arabia | Visa required[175] | ||
Senegal | Visa on arrival[176] | 90 days | |
Serbia | Visa required[177] |
| |
Seychelles | Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[179] | 30 days | |
Sierra Leone | Visa on arrival[180] | ||
Singapore | Visa not required[181] | 30 days | |
Slovakia | Visa required[182] | ||
Slovenia | Visa required[183] | ||
Solomon Islands | Visa not required[184] | 90 days | |
Somalia | Visa on arrival[185] | 30 days |
|
South Africa | Visa not required[186] | 30 days | |
South Sudan | Visa required[187] | ||
Spain | Visa required[188] | ||
Sri Lanka | eVisa / Visa on arrival[189] | 30 days | |
Sudan | Visa required[190] | ||
Suriname | eVisa[191] | ||
Sweden | Visa required[192] | ||
Switzerland | Visa required[193] | ||
Syria | Visa required[194] | ||
Tajikistan | eVisa[195] | 45 days |
|
Tanzania | eVisa / Visa on arrival[197][198] | 90 days | |
Timor-Leste | Visa on arrival[199] | 30 days | |
Togo | Visa on arrival[200] | 7 days | |
Tonga | Visa required[201] | ||
Trinidad and Tobago | Visa required[202] | ||
Tunisia | Visa required[203] | ||
Turkey | Visa not required[204] | 30 days | |
Turkmenistan | Visa required[205] |
| |
Tuvalu | Visa on arrival[206] | 30 days | |
Uganda | eVisa / Visa on arrival[207] | 90 days |
|
Ukraine | eVisa[209] | 30 days | |
United Arab Emirates | Visa required[210] |
| |
United Kingdom | Visa required[211] | ||
United States | Visa required[212] | ||
Uruguay | Visa required[213] | ||
Uzbekistan | eVisa[214][215] | 30 days |
|
Vanuatu | Visa not required[217] | 30 days | |
Vatican City | Visa required[218] | ||
Venezuela | Visa required[219] | ||
Vietnam | Visa not required[220] | 30 days | |
Yemen | Visa required[221] | ||
Zambia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[222] | 90 days | |
Zimbabwe | eVisa[223] |
Territories
Visa requirements for Thai citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:
Europe | ||
---|---|---|
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Abkhazia | Visa required[224] | |
Mount Athos | Special permit required | Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[225][226] |
Crimea | Visa not required | The same rules as for visiting Russia apply.[227] |
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | Visa not required | 3 months[228][229] |
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus | Access Permit required[230] | Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas. |
Faroe Islands | Visa required[231] | |
Gibraltar | Visa required[232] | |
Guernsey | Visa required[233] | |
Isle of Man | Visa required[234] | |
Jan Mayen | Permit required | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[235] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[236] |
Jersey | Visa required[237] | |
Kosovo | Visa required[238] |
|
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic | Visa required[240][241] | Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[242] |
Russia | Special authorization required | Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[243] |
South Ossetia | Visa not required | Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[244][245] |
Transnistria | Visa not required | Registration required after 24h.[246][247] |
Africa | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
British Indian Ocean Territory | Special permit required | Special permit required.[248] |
Eritrea outside Asmara | Travel permit required | To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[249] |
Mayotte | Visa required[250] | |
Réunion | Visa required[250] | |
Ascension Island | eVisa[251][252] |
|
Saint Helena | eVisa[253][254] | |
Tristan da Cunha | Permission required | Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[255] |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory. | |
Somaliland | Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[256][257] |
Sudan | Travel permit required | All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit. |
Darfur | Travel permit required | Separate travel permit is required.[258] |
Asia | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Hainan | Visa not required[259] | 30 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport. Visa not required for 30 days for traveling on an organized tour in a tourist group of 5 or more people.[260] |
Hong Kong | Visa not required[261] | 30 days |
India PAP/RAP | PAP/RAP required | Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[262][263][264][265][266] |
Kazakhstan | Special permission required | Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[267] |
Kish Island | Visa not required | Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[268] |
Macao | Visa not required[269] | 30 days |
Maldives | Permission required | With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[270] |
North Korea outside Pyongyang | Special permit required | People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving) |
Palestine | Visa not required[271] | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[272] |
Republic of China (Taiwan) | Visa not required[273] | 14 days (Temporary measure only; valid until 31 July 2020.[274]Also Visitor Visa for Tourism Purposes for 30 days.[275]
|
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province | OIVR permit required | OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[277][278][279] |
Korean Demilitarized Zone | Restricted zone. | |
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar | Restricted zone. | |
Yemen | Special permission required | Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[280] |
Caribbean and North Atlantic | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees)f |
Anguilla | Visa required[281] | |
Aruba | Visa required[282] | Visa free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[283] |
Bermuda | Visa not required | 90 days. |
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba | Visa required[284] | Visa free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[283] |
British Virgin Islands | Visa required[285] | Permanent residents of the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom do not require a visa. |
Cayman Islands | Visa required[286] | Up to 30 days visa-free for permanent residents of and traveling directly from: Canada, USA or UK.[287] Visa free for cruise ship passengers leaving on same day as arrival.[288] |
Curacao | Visa required[289] | Visa free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[283] |
French Guiana | Visa required[290] | |
French West Indies | Visa required | French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[291] |
Greenland | Visa required[231] | |
Montserrat | eVisa[292] | Multiple entry eVisa valid for 1 year can be obtained through the internet, prior to departure. |
Puerto Rico | Visa required[293] | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Visa required[250] | |
Sint Maarten | Visa required[294] | Visa free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[283] |
Turks and Caicos Islands | Visa required[295] | Visa required as of 1 April 2015. |
U.S. Virgin Islands | Visa required[296] | |
Oceania | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
American Samoa | Entry permit required[297] | |
Ashmore and Cartier Islands | Special authorisation required | Special authorisation required.[298] |
Clipperton Island | Special permit required | Special permit required.[299] |
Cook Islands | Visa not required[300] | 31 days[301] |
Lau Province | Special permission required | Special permission required.[302] |
French Polynesia | Visa required[303] | |
Guam | Visa required[304] | |
New Caledonia | Visa required[250] | |
Northern Mariana Islands | Visa required[305] | |
Niue | Visa not required | 30 days[306] |
Pitcairn Islands | Visa not required | 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[307][308][309] |
United States Minor Outlying Islands | Special permits required | Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[310][311][312][313][314][315][316] |
Wallis and Futuna | Visa required[250] | |
South Atlantic and Antarctica | ||
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
Falkland Islands | Visa required[317] | |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[318][319] |
Antarctica | Special permits required for British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Bouvet Island, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331] |
APEC Business Travel Card
Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[332]
1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days
The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[333]
- no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
- undertake legitimate business in participating economies
- expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
- expedited scheduling of visa interview (United States)
Non-visa restrictions
Blank passport pages
Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[334] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.
Vaccination
Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[335] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[336]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[337][338]
Passport validity length
Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[339][340] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[341]
Some countries, such as Japan,[342] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[343] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[344] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[345] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[346] Philippines,[347] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[348]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[349] and South Africa.
Criminal record
Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[350] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.
Persona non grata
The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[351]
Israeli stamps
Kuwait,[352] Lebanon,[353] Libya,[354] and Yemen[355] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Biometrics
Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[356]
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[357][358] Argentina,[359] Brunei, Cambodia,[360] China,[361] Ethiopia,[362] Ghana, Guinea,[363] India, Japan,[364][365] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[366] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[367] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[368] Singapore, South Korea,[369] Taiwan, Thailand,[370] Uganda,[371] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[372][373][374] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[375]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[376] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[377][378] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[379] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[380][381]
See also
References and Notes
- References
- ^ "Global Ranking - Passport Index 2019" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
- ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
- ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
- ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
- ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
- ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
- ^ "Visitor e600 Visa Online Applications". Department of Immigration and Border Protection. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
- ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
- ^ Electronic Visa System of Azerbaijan Republic
- ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
- ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
- ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
- ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
- ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
- ^ eVisa Benin
- ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
- ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
- ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
- ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
- ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
- ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/newsroom/news/ciudadanos-chinos-tengan-visado-schengen-o-estados-unidos-no-deberan-tramitar-visa
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ [2]
- ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
- ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
- ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
- ^ eVisa
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=EG&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=00&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C[permanent dead link ]
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Ethiopia visa on arrival". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ^ "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
- ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
- ^ Gabon e-Visa
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "ENTRY INTO THE GAMBIA. GAMBIA IMMIGRATION DEPARTMENT". gid.gov.gm. 2017-12-23. Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Guinea eVisa
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
- ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
- ^ "Indian e-Visa". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
- ^ e-Visa
- ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Iran extends airport visa validity to 30 days
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
- ^ The Irish Short-stay Visa Waiver Programme
- ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
- ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Republic of Kenya - eCitizen portal
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "e-VISA". evisa.e-gov.kg. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ eVisa Lesotho
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
- ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
- ^ eVisa Madagascar
- ^ [3]
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ [4]
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ [5]
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ http://www.mfa.gov.md/entry-visas-moldova/foreign-need-visa/#link
- ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Myanmar eVisa". Archived from the original on 2014-08-13. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ Thailand, Myanmar sign visa-free agreement
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Transit visa country waiver list
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
- ^ Sultanate of Oman - Royal Oman Police - eVisa
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ eVisa, Papua New Guinea (PNG) Immigration and Citizenship Authority (ICA)
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
- ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/consular-affairs/entry-serbia/visa-regime
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
- ^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ https://www.evisa.tj
- ^ eVisa Tanzania
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ Uganda Electronic Visa/Permit Application System
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- ^ UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
- ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "OFFICIAL ELECTRONIC VISA PORTAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN". mfa.uz. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
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The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
- ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
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African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
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Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
- ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
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Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
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You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
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Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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- ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
- ^ "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "National News Bureau of Thailand".
- ^ AfricaNews (2019-01-14). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
- ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
- ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
- ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
- ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
- ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
- ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
- ^ Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.
- ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
- ^ Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019.
The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
- Notes