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==Alcatraz escape attempt==
==Alcatraz escape attempt==
In the spring of 1938, James Lucas, [[Thomas R. Limerick]] and [[Rufus Franklin]] planned an escape from Alcatraz. Their escape plan began by incapacitating an unarmed guard supervising a work detail on the top floor. Once the supervisor was rendered unconscious, the convicts would escape through a window to the rooftop, where they would incapacitate an armed guard and leave the island via a seized police boat. They enacted their escape plan on May 23, 1938 in the prison's mat shop, where they assaulted Custodial Officer Royal Cline with hammer blows to his head. They proceeded to the roof, where armed guard Harold Stites (whose later killed in th 1946 Battle of Alcatraz) shot both Franklin and Limerick, although Lucas wasn't shot. Other guards arrived at the scene. Franklin, Limerick, and Lucas were cornered and surrendered to the guards.<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news |title=Three Convicts Fail in Break at Alcatraz; Slug Guard; Two Are Shot, Third Cornered |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E1EF73E5C1B7A93C6AB178ED85F4C8385F9 |work=New York Times |date=1938-05-24 |page=1 |accessdate=2007-12-05}}</ref>
In the spring of 1938, James Lucas, [[Thomas R. Limerick]] and [[Rufus Franklin]] planned an escape from Alcatraz. Their escape plan began by incapacitating an unarmed guard supervising a work detail on the top floor. Once the supervisor was rendered unconscious, the convicts would escape through a window to the rooftop, where they would incapacitate an armed guard and leave the island via a seized police boat. They enacted their escape plan on May 23, 1938 in the prison's mat shop, where they assaulted Custodial Officer Royal Cline with hammer blows to his head. They proceeded to the roof, where armed guard Harold Stites (who was later killed in the 1946 Battle of Alcatraz) shot both Franklin and Limerick, although Lucas wasn't shot. Other guards arrived at the scene. Franklin, Limerick, and Lucas were cornered and surrendered to the guards.<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news |title=Three Convicts Fail in Break at Alcatraz; Slug Guard; Two Are Shot, Third Cornered |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E1EF73E5C1B7A93C6AB178ED85F4C8385F9 |work=New York Times |date=1938-05-24 |page=1 |accessdate=2007-12-05}}</ref>


Cline died of his injuries the next day, and Thomas Limerick, one of the wounded convicts, also died.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hammer Blow Kills Alcatraz Aide in Break: 2 Surviving Felons to Face Murder Charge; Third Slain in Flight |work=Washington Post |date=1938-05-25 |page=X1 |id=ProQuest Historical Newspapers document 240807832}}</ref> Lucas and the other surviving convict, [[Rufus Franklin]], were tried for murder<ref>{{cite news |title=Alcatraz Prisoners Hear Shooting Related by Guard |work=Los Angeles Times |date=1938-11-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Court Calls for Bullets that Halted Convict Flight |work=Los Angeles Times |date=1938-11-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alcatraz Convicts Deny Killing Guard In Escape Attempt |work=Washington Post |date=1938-11-23 }}</ref> and sentenced to life [[imprisonment]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Killers of Alcatraz Guard Escape Execution; Jury Limits Penalty of Felons to Life Terms |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0C1FFE3A581A7A93C5AB178AD95F4C8385F9 |work=New York Times |date=1938-11-27 |page=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alcatraz Pair Get Life |work=Los Angeles Times |date=1938-11-27 }}</ref> Lucas spent six years in isolation for the incident. He was transferred a few years later, and paroled in 1958. Lucas had a brief stay in prison at [[McNeil Island]] for parole violation. He was given a presidential commutation of sentence and released. He later worked in the oil business.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/alca/historyculture/the-man-who-tried-to-kill-al-capone.htm]</ref> He died in 1998 in Sacramento.<ref>[http://search.ancestry.ca/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=USPenAlcatrazCA&rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-d&gsfn=james&gsln=lucas&uidh=ah6&pcat=36&fh=0&h=224&recoff=8+10+22+68]</ref>
Cline died of his injuries the next day, and Thomas Limerick, one of the wounded convicts, also died.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hammer Blow Kills Alcatraz Aide in Break: 2 Surviving Felons to Face Murder Charge; Third Slain in Flight |work=Washington Post |date=1938-05-25 |page=X1 |id=ProQuest Historical Newspapers document 240807832}}</ref> Lucas and the other surviving convict, [[Rufus Franklin]], were tried for murder<ref>{{cite news |title=Alcatraz Prisoners Hear Shooting Related by Guard |work=Los Angeles Times |date=1938-11-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Court Calls for Bullets that Halted Convict Flight |work=Los Angeles Times |date=1938-11-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alcatraz Convicts Deny Killing Guard In Escape Attempt |work=Washington Post |date=1938-11-23 }}</ref> and sentenced to life [[imprisonment]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Killers of Alcatraz Guard Escape Execution; Jury Limits Penalty of Felons to Life Terms |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0C1FFE3A581A7A93C5AB178AD95F4C8385F9 |work=New York Times |date=1938-11-27 |page=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alcatraz Pair Get Life |work=Los Angeles Times |date=1938-11-27 }}</ref> Lucas spent six years in isolation for the incident. He was transferred a few years later, and paroled in 1958. Lucas had a brief stay in prison at [[McNeil Island]] for parole violation. He was given a presidential commutation of sentence and released. He later worked in the oil business.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/alca/historyculture/the-man-who-tried-to-kill-al-capone.htm]</ref> He died in 1998 in Sacramento.<ref>[http://search.ancestry.ca/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=USPenAlcatrazCA&rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-d&gsfn=james&gsln=lucas&uidh=ah6&pcat=36&fh=0&h=224&recoff=8+10+22+68]</ref>

Revision as of 20:02, 5 May 2020

James C. Lucas
BornJune 11, 1912 (1912-06-11)
Midland County, Texas
DiedNovember 28, 1998(1998-11-28) (aged 86)
Sacramento, California
Spouse(s)Cheryl Lucas, Libby Smith
ChildrenCharlene, Jimmie, James L, Emma, James C, Kimberly, Shawna, Stephen, Shelly, Landon
Criminal chargeBank robbery (before 1935)
Murder (1938)
PenaltyLife imprisonment

James Crittenton Lucas (June 11, 1912 – November 28, 1998) was an American criminal who served a life sentence in Alcatraz. He is best known for being part of an attempted escape from Alcatraz Penitentiary in 1938, and for attacking Al Capone in the prison's laundry room on June 23, 1936.

Biography

Lucas was originally sentenced to thirty years' imprisonment for robbing First National Bank in Albany, Texas,[1] and violation of the Dyer Act (interstate trafficking of stolen vehicles). He arrived at Alcatraz in January 1935 from the Texas State Prison[2] and was known there as James "Texas Bank Robber" Lucas.

Attack on Capone

On June 23, 1936, Lucas stabbed Al Capone in the back with a pair of scissors from the prison barber shop. Capone had been working in the laundry area 10 feet (3 m) away.[3] Lucas was sent to solitary confinement for his attack on Capone.[4] After being stabbed, Capone turned and grabbed Lucas and threw him into the wall. The inmates were angry with Capone for not taking part in an inmate strike.

Alcatraz escape attempt

In the spring of 1938, James Lucas, Thomas R. Limerick and Rufus Franklin planned an escape from Alcatraz. Their escape plan began by incapacitating an unarmed guard supervising a work detail on the top floor. Once the supervisor was rendered unconscious, the convicts would escape through a window to the rooftop, where they would incapacitate an armed guard and leave the island via a seized police boat. They enacted their escape plan on May 23, 1938 in the prison's mat shop, where they assaulted Custodial Officer Royal Cline with hammer blows to his head. They proceeded to the roof, where armed guard Harold Stites (who was later killed in the 1946 Battle of Alcatraz) shot both Franklin and Limerick, although Lucas wasn't shot. Other guards arrived at the scene. Franklin, Limerick, and Lucas were cornered and surrendered to the guards.[5]

Cline died of his injuries the next day, and Thomas Limerick, one of the wounded convicts, also died.[6] Lucas and the other surviving convict, Rufus Franklin, were tried for murder[7][8][9] and sentenced to life imprisonment.[10][11] Lucas spent six years in isolation for the incident. He was transferred a few years later, and paroled in 1958. Lucas had a brief stay in prison at McNeil Island for parole violation. He was given a presidential commutation of sentence and released. He later worked in the oil business.[12] He died in 1998 in Sacramento.[13]

References

  1. ^ "CAPONE IS STABBED BY ALCATRAZ FELON; Fellow Convict Plunges Scissors Into Ex-Gangster in Prison Barber Shop". New York Times. 1936-06-24. p. 48.
  2. ^ "Alcatraz Felon Killed, One Shot, Third Seized As Guards Foil Escape". San Francisco Chronicle. 1938-05-24. pp. 1, 5.
  3. ^ "Names make news". TIME. 1936-07-06. Retrieved 2007-12-05. Catching Capone at work in the prison laundry, Lucas plunged a pair of scissors into his back.
  4. ^ "Crime: Capone Prison Pet Provoked". Washington Post. 1936-06-28. p. B4. ProQuest Historical Newspapers document 240338792.
  5. ^ "Three Convicts Fail in Break at Alcatraz; Slug Guard; Two Are Shot, Third Cornered". New York Times. 1938-05-24. p. 1. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  6. ^ "Hammer Blow Kills Alcatraz Aide in Break: 2 Surviving Felons to Face Murder Charge; Third Slain in Flight". Washington Post. 1938-05-25. p. X1. ProQuest Historical Newspapers document 240807832.
  7. ^ "Alcatraz Prisoners Hear Shooting Related by Guard". Los Angeles Times. 1938-11-05.
  8. ^ "Court Calls for Bullets that Halted Convict Flight". Los Angeles Times. 1938-11-09.
  9. ^ "Alcatraz Convicts Deny Killing Guard In Escape Attempt". Washington Post. 1938-11-23.
  10. ^ "Killers of Alcatraz Guard Escape Execution; Jury Limits Penalty of Felons to Life Terms". New York Times. 1938-11-27. p. 1.
  11. ^ "Alcatraz Pair Get Life". Los Angeles Times. 1938-11-27.
  12. ^ [1]
  13. ^ [2]

See also

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